AISI steel grades 5639047 222245339 2008-06-28T08:50:20Z Hardyplants 480153 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/125.212.127.86|125.212.127.86]] to last version by Rogermw (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{Expand|date=April 2007}} {{steels}} The [[American Iron and Steel Institute]] standardizes numbered '''AISI steel grades''', including the following: == Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel == [[Carbon steel]]s and [[low alloy steel]]s are designated by a four digit number, where the first two digits indicate the alloying elements and the last two digits indicate the amount of carbon, in hundredths of a percent by weight. For example, a 1060 steel is a plain carbon steel containing 0.60 wt% C. {| class="wikitable" |+ '''AISI Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Designations'''<ref>Erik Oberg, et al., "Machinery's Handbook," 25th ed., Industrial Press Inc., 1996, p. 406.</ref> ! width="80" | AISI Designation !! Type of Steel |- ! colspan="2" | Carbon Steels |- | align="right" | 10xx || Plain Carbon (Mn 1.00% max) |- | align="right" | 11xx || Resulfurized |- | align="right" | 12xx || Resulfurized and Rephosphorized |- | align="right" | 15xx || Plain Carbon (Mn 1.00% to 1.65%) |- ! colspan="2" | Manganese Steels |- | align="right" | 13xx || Mn 1.75% |- ! colspan="2" | Nickel Steels |- | align="right" | 23xx || Ni 3.50% |- | align="right" | 25xx || Ni 5.00% |- ! colspan="2" | Nickel-Chromium Steels |- | align="right" | 31xx || Ni 1.25%, Cr 0.65% or 0.80% |- | align="right" | 32xx || Ni 1.25%, Cr 1.07% |- | align="right" | 33xx || Ni 3.50%, Cr 1.50% or 1.57% |- | align="right" | 34xx || Ni 3.00%, Cr 0.77% |- ! colspan="2" | Molybdenum Steels |- | align="right" | 40xx || Mo 0.20% or 0.25% |- | align="right" | 44xx || Mo 0.40% or 0.52% |- ! colspan="2" | [[Chromium]]-[[Molybdenum]] ([[Chromoly]]) Steels |- | align="right" | [[41xx steel|41xx]] || Cr 0.50% or 0.80% or 0.95%, Mo 0.12% or 0.20% or 0.25% or 0.30% |- ! colspan="2" | Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels |- | align="right" | 43xx || Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50% or 0.80%, Mo 0.25% |- | align="right" | 43BVxx || Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.12% or 0.35%, V 0.03% min |- | align="right" | 47xx || Ni 1.05%, Cr 0.45%, Mo 0.20% or 0.35% |- | align="right" | 81xx || Ni 0.30%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12% |- | align="right" | 86xx || Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.20% |- | align="right" | 87xx || Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.25% |- | align="right" | 88xx || Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.35% |- | align="right" | 93xx || Ni 3.25%, Cr 1.20%, Mo 0.12% |- | align="right" | 94xx || Ni 0.45%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12% |- | align="right" | 97xx || Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.20%, Mo 0.20% |- | align="right" | 98xx || Ni 1.00%, Cr 0.80%, Mo 0.25% |- ! colspan="2" | Nickel-Molybdenum Steels |- | align="right" | 46xx || Ni 0.85% or 1.82%, Mo 0.20% or 0.25% |- | align="right" | 48xx || Ni 3.50%, Mo 0.25% |- ! colspan="2" | Chromium Steels |- | align="right" | 50xx || Cr 0.27% or 0.40% or 0.50% or 0.65% |- | align="right" | 51xx || Cr 0.80% or 0.87% or 0.92% or 1.00% or 1.05% |- | align="right" | 50xxx || Cr 0.50%, C 1.00% min |- | align="right" | 51xxx || Cr 1.02%, C 1.00% min |- | align="right" | 52xxx || Cr 1.45%, C 1.00% min |- ! colspan="2" | Chromium-Vanadium Steels |- | align="right" | 61xx || Cr 0.60% or 0.80% or 0.95%, V 0.10% or 0.15% min |- ! colspan="2" | Tungsten-Chromium Steels |- | align="right" | 72xx || W 1.75%, Cr 0.75% |- ! colspan="2" | Silicon-Manganese Steels |- | align="right" | 92xx || Si 1.40% or 2.00%, Mn 0.65% or 0.82% or 0.85%, Cr 0.00% or 0.65% |- ! colspan="2" | High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels |- | align="right" | 9xx || Various SAE grades |- | align="right" | xxBxx || Boron steels |- | align="right" | xxLxx || Leaded steels |} == Stainless steel == {{main|Stainless steel}} *200 Series: austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys *300 Series: austenitic chromium-nickel alloys **Type 301: highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working. **Type 303: free machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur **Type 304: the most common; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. **Type 316: the next most common; for [[food]] and [[surgical stainless steel]] uses; alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. 316 steel is [http://alleghenyludlum.com/ludlum/Documents/316_317.pdf more resistant to corrosion than 18-8] stainless steels. 316 steel is used in the handling of certain food and pharmaceutical products where it is often required in order to [http://sandmeyersteel.com/316-316L.html minimize metallic contamination.] 316 steel is also known as "marine grade" stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building [[nuclear reprocessing]] plants. *400 Series: ferritic and martensitic chromium alloys **Type 408: heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel. **Type 409: cheapest type; used for [[automobile]] [[exhaust pipe|exhausts]]; ferritic (iron/chromium only). **Type 410: martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). **Type 416: the most machinable stainless steel; achieved by the addition of extra sulfur which reduces corrosion resistance. Often used for "stainless" rifle barrels **Type 420: "Cutlery Grade" martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original "rustless steel". Also known as "surgical steel". **Type 430: decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic. **Type 440: a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat treated properly. *500 Series: heat resisting chromium alloys *600 Series: martensitic [[precipitation hardening]] alloys **Type 630: most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% chromium, 4% nickel {| class="wikitable" |+ '''AISI Carbon and Alloy Steel Designations'''<ref>Erik Oberg, et al., "Machinery's Handbook," 25th ed., Industrial Press Inc., 1996, pp. 411-412.</ref> ! width="105" | AISI Type (UNS Designation) !! Typical Composition [%] |- ! colspan="2" | Austenitic |- | 201 (S20100) || 16-18 Cr, 3.5-5.5 Ni, 0.15 C, 5.5-7.5 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 N |- | 202 (S20200) || 17-19 Cr, 4-6 Ni, 0.15 C, 7.5-10.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 N |- | 205 (S20500) || 16.5-18 Cr, 1-1.75 Ni, 0.12-0.25 C, 14-15.5 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.32-0.40 N |- | 301 (S30100) || 16-18 Cr, 6-8 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 302 (S30200) || 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N |- | 302B (S30215) || 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 2.0-3.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 303 (S30300) || 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo (optional) |- | 303Se (S30323) || 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min |- | 304 (S30400) || 18-20 Cr, 8-10.50 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N |- | 304L (S30403) || 18-20 Cr, 8-12 Ni, 0.03 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N |- | 304Cu (S30430) || 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 3-4 Cu |- | 304N (S30451) || 18-20 Cr, 8-10.50 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10-0.16 N |- | 305 (S30500) || 17-19 Cr, 10.50-13 Ni, 0.12 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 308 (S30800) || 19-21 Cr, 10-12 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 309 (S30900) || 22-24 Cr, 12-15 Ni, 0.20 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 309S (S30908) || 22-24 Cr, 12-15 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 310 (S31000) || 24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.25 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 310S (S31008) || 24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 314 (S31400) || 23-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.25 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5-3.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- | 316 (S31600) || 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2.0-3.0 Mo, 0.10 N |- | 316L (S31603) || 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.03 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2.0-3.0 Mo, 0.10 N |- | 316F (S31620) || 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.10 S min, 1.75-2.50 Mo |- | 316N (S31651) || 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2-3 Mo, 0.10-0.16 N |- | 317 (S31700) || 18-20 Cr, 11-15 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 3.0-4.0 Mo, 0.10 N max |- | 321 (S32100) || 17-19 Cr, 9-12 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, [Ti, 5(C + N) min, 0.70 max], 0.10 N max |- | 329 (S32900) || 23-28 Cr, 2.5-5 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 1-2 Mo |- | 330 (N08330) || 17-20 Cr, 34-37 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75-1.50 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S |- | 347 (S34700) || 17-19 Cr, 9-13 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S (Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max) |- | 348 (S34800) || 17-19 Cr, 9-13 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S (Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max, but 0.10 Ta max), 0.20 Ca |- | 384 (S38400) || 15-17 Cr, 17-19 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S |- ! colspan="2" | Ferritic |- | 405 (S40500) || 11.5-14.5 Cr, 0.08 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.1-0.3 Al, 0.60 max |- | 409 (S40900) || 10.5-11.75 Cr, 0.08 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.05 Ni (Ti 6 x C, but 0.75 max) |- | 429 (S42900) || 14-16 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni |- | 430 (S43000) || 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni |- | 430F (S43020) || 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo optional |- | 430FSe (S43023) || 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min |- | 434 (S43400) || 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75-1.25 Mo |- | 436 (S43600) || 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75-1.25 Mo (Nb + Ta 5 x C min, 0.70 max) |- | 442 (S44200) || 18-23 Cr, 0.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S |- | 446 (S44600) || 23-27 Cr, 0.20 C, 1.5 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 Ni |- ! colspan="2" | Martensitic |- | 403 (S40300) || 11.5-13.0 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 0.5 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.060 Ni |- | 410 (S41000) || 11.5-13.5 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni |- | 414 (S41400) || 11.5-13.5 Cr, 1.25-2.50 Ni, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S |- | 416 (S41600) || 12-14 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.060 Mo optional |- | 416Se (S41623) || 12-14 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min |- | 420 (S42000) || 12-14 Cr, 0.15 C min, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S |- | 420F (S42020) || 12-14 Cr, over 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo max (optional) |- | 422 (S42200) || 11-12.50 Cr, 0.50-1.0 Ni, 0.20-0.25 C, 0.5-1.0 Mn, 0.5 Si, 0.025 P, 0.025 S, 0.90-1.25 Mo, 0.20-0.30 V, 0.90-1.25 W |- | 431 (S43100) || 15-17 Cr, 1.25-2.50 Ni, 0.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S |- | 440A (S44002) || 16-18 Cr, 0.60-0.75 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo |- | 440B (S44003) || 16-18 Cr, 0.75-0.95 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo |- | 440C (S44004) || 16-18 Cr, 0.95-1.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo |- ! colspan="2" | Heat Resisting |- | 501 (S50100) || 4-6 Cr, 0.10 C min, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.40-0.65 Mo |- | 502 (S50200) || 4-6 Cr, 0.10 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.40-0.65 Mo |} == Other steels == The standards organization [[ASTM International]] produces standards for [[structural steel]] used in the construction industry. Those steel alloys have designations which start with '''A''', for example [[A36 steel|A36]], [[A588]], or [[A514]]. ==References== <references/> ==See also== *[[ASTM International]] *[[EN standard]] *[[Unified numbering system]] [[Category:Steels|*AISI steel grades]] [[de:Stahlsorte]] [[es:AISI-SAE]]