Aaron Klug
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{{Infobox Scientist
| name = Aaron Klug
| image = Replace this image male.svg
| image_width = 150px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1926|8|11}}
| birth_place = [[:lt:Želva|Želva]], [[Lithuania]]
| nationality = [[United Kingdom]]
| field = [[Biophysics]], [[chemistry]]
| work_institutions =
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[electron crystallography|crystallographic electron microscopy]]
| prizes =[[Image:Nobel prize medal.svg|20px]] [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], [[1982]]
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sir Aaron Klug''', [[Order of Merit|OM]], [[President of the Royal Society|PRS]] (born [[11 August]] [[1926]]) is a [[Lithuania]]n-born [[United Kingdom|British]] [[chemist]] and [[biophysicist]], and winner of the [[1982]] [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for his development of [[electron crystallography|crystallographic electron microscopy]] and his structural elucidation of biologically important [[nucleic acid]]-protein complexes.<ref>{{cite press release | author=Nobel Foundation | title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 | url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1982/index.html | publisher=The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences | date=18 October 1982 | accessdate=2007-09-13}}</ref>
==Biography==
Klug was born in [[:lt:Želva|Želva]], [[Lithuania]] to Jewish parents Lazar and Bella (née Silin) Klug with whom he moved to [[South Africa]] at the age of two. He later graduated with a degree in science at the [[University of Witwatersrand]] and studied [[crystallography]] at the [[University of Cape Town]] before moving to [[England]], completing his doctorate at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] in 1953.
==Career==
Working with [[Rosalind Franklin]] in [[J. D. Bernal|John Bernal]]'s lab at [[Birkbeck]] aroused a lifelong interest in the study of [[virus]]es, and during his time there in the late 1950s he made discoveries in the structure of the [[tobacco mosaic virus]]. Over the following decade Klug used methods from [[X-ray diffraction]], microscopy and structural modelling to develop crystallographic electron microscopy in which a sequence of two-dimensional images of crystals taken from different angles are combined to produce three-dimensional images of the target.
He was awarded the [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] from [[Columbia University]] in 1981. Between 1986 and 1996 he was director of the [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]] in Cambridge, and was knighted in 1988. He was elected President of the [[Royal Society]], and served from 1995-2000. He was appointed [[Order of Merit|OM]] in 1995 - as is customary for Presidents of the Royal Society. He is also a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at [[The Scripps Research Institute]].
In 2005 he was awarded [[South Africa]]'s [[Order of Mapungubwe]] (gold) for exceptional achievements in medical science.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=National Orders awards 27 September 2005 | url=http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/2005/klug.htm | publisher=State of South Africa | date=2005-09-29 | accessdate=2007-09-13}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15003624
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003624
|last=Amos
|first=Linda A
|last2=Finch
|first2=John T
|publication-date=2004 Mar
|year=[[2004]]
|title=Aaron Klug and the revolution in biomolecular structure determination.
|volume=14
|issue=3
|periodical=Trends Cell Biol.
|pages=148-52
|doi = 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.01.002
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:8088991
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8088991
|last=Shafrir
|first=E
|publication-date=1994 Sep
|year=[[1994]]
|title=Aaron Klug--a pioneer of crystallographic electron microscopy.
|volume=30
|issue=9
|periodical=Isr. J. Med. Sci.
|pages=734
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:8189761
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8189761
|last=Shampo
|first=M A
|last2=Kyle
|first2=R A
|publication-date=1994 Jun
|year=[[1994]]
|title=Sir Aaron Klug--Nobel Prize winner for chemistry.
|volume=69
|issue=6
|periodical=Mayo Clin. Proc.
|pages=556
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:6342048
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6342048
|last=Wakabayashi
|first=K
|publication-date=1983 Feb
|year=[[1983]]
|title=[Accomplishment of Dr. Aaron Klug, winner of Nobel prize in chemistry, 1982]
|volume=28
|issue=2
|periodical=Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso
|pages=156-7
}}
==External links==
*[http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1982/klug-autobio.html Aaron Klug biography] at the [[Nobel Foundation]]
*[http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/122 Aaron Klug interviews] with Harry Kroto
*[http://www.weizmann.ac.il/ICS/booklet/11/pdf/klug.pdf Aaron Klug article ] by Bob Weintraub.
*{{peoples Archive|id=6992|title=Sir Aaron Klug}}
* [http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/ The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{Royal Society presidents 1900s}}
{{Persondata
|NAME= Klug, Aaron
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= chemist, biophysicist
|DATE OF BIRTH= August 11, 1926
|PLACE OF BIRTH= Želva, Lithuania
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Klug, Aaron}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Biophysicists]]
[[Category:British chemists]]
[[Category:British Jews]]
[[Category:British people of South African descent]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Jewish scientists]]
[[Category:Lithuanian Jews]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:South African Jews]]
[[Category:South African scientists]]
[[Category:University of Cape Town alumni]]
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