Abdoulaye Wade
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217903791
2008-06-08T06:36:09Z
Causteau
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[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 217310453 by [[Special:Contributions/Mehmed17|Mehmed17]] ([[User talk:Mehmed17|talk]])
{{Infobox President
| name = Abdoulaye Wade
| image = Abdoulayewade16052007.jpg|150px
| caption =
| order = [[List of Presidents of Senegal|President of Senegal]]
| primeminister = [[Mamadou Lamine Loum]]<br>[[Moustapha Niasse]]<br>[[Mame Madior Boye]]<br>[[Idrissa Seck]]<br>[[Macky Sall]]<br>[[Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré]]
| vicepresident =
| term_start = [[01 April]] [[2000]]
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Abdou Diouf]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1926|05|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kébémer]], [[Senegal]]
| party = [[Senegalese Democratic Party|PDS]]
| religion = [[Sunni Muslim]] ([[Maliki]]-[[Ash'ari]], [[Mouride]])
| spouse = [[Viviane Wade]]<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/12/images/20041206-4_bushwadep43859-043-515h.html Laura Bush hosts Viviane Wade] The White House, 6 December 2004</ref>
}}
'''Abdoulaye Wade''' (born [[May 29]], [[1926]]<ref name=birth>[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/Senegal-PERSONAL-BACKGROUND.html World Leaders 2003: Senegal: Personal Background], Encyclopedia of the Nations.</ref>) is the third and current [[List of Presidents of Senegal|President]] of [[Senegal]], in office since [[2000]]. He is also the Secretary-General of the ruling [[Senegalese Democratic Party]] (PDS) and has led the party since it was founded in [[1974]].<ref name=Profile>''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 457.</ref><ref name=Off>[http://www.sopionline.com/sg.htm Profile of Wade] at PDS web site {{fr icon}}.</ref> He ran for president four times, beginning in 1978, before he was elected in 2000.<ref name=Profile/>
==Life before politics==
Wade was born in [[Kébémer Department|Kébémer]], Senegal; officially, he was born in 1926,<ref name=birth /> although some claim he was born several years earlier, and the record-keeping of the time is not considered particularly reliable.<ref>Naomi Schwarz, [http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-10/2006-10-16-voa41.cfm?CFID=152656602&CFTOKEN=24796162 "Senegal's President Seeks Re-Election Amid Worsening Problems"], VOA News, October 16, 2006.</ref> He studied and taught law at the [[lycée Condorcet]] in France. He holds two [[doctorate]]s in law and economics. He was also dean of the law and economics faculty at the [[University of Dakar]] in Senegal.<ref name=Profile/> He's currently married to Viviane and has one son, Karim, who is the head of the national agency of Islamic Organization Conference, and a daughter, Sindjely, who participated in many Paris-Dakar rallies. It is considered probable that Wade had other children and that Karim and Sindjely are the legitimate ones. (cf. Souleymane Jules Diop, Wade:The lawyer and the Devil)
==Political career==
At a summit of the [[Organization of African Unity]] in [[Mogadishu]] in 1974, Wade told President [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]] that he wanted to start a new party, and Senghor agreed to this. The PDS was founded on [[31 July]] [[1974]].<ref name=Senghor>Dominique Mataillet, [http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN06086senghedawed0 "Senghor reconnaît le parti de Wade"], Jeuneafrique.com, 6 August 2006 {{fr icon}}.</ref><ref name=Dioh>Tidiane Dioh, [http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN21102souslelarbi0 "Sous l'étiquette libérale"], Jeuneafrique.com, 21 October 2002 {{fr icon}}.</ref> The party adopted [[liberalism]] in 1976 due to the introduction of a law permitting the existence of only three parties with three distinct ideologies, two of which were taken by other parties.<ref name=Dioh/> Wade first ran for president in February [[1978]] against Senghor, taking 17.38% of the vote.<ref name=Elections>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/sn.html Elections in Senegal], African Elections Database.</ref> Also in 1978, Wade was elected to the [[National Assembly of Senegal|National Assembly]], where he served until 1980.<ref name=Off/> Subsequently he ran in the presidential elections of 1983 and 1988, taking second place each time, behind Senghor's successor [[Abdou Diouf]].<ref name=Elections/> Following the 1988 election, he was arrested due to protests against the results and received a suspended sentence. Subsequently he went to France, but returned in [[1990]].<ref name=Profile/> In April [[1991]], he and four other PDS members joined a national unity government along with the ruling [[Socialist Party of Senegal|Socialist Party]] (PS); Wade became Minister of State without portfolio.<ref name=Reform>Richard Vengroff and Lucy Creevey, "Senegal: The Evolution of a Quasi Democracy", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pages 207–208.</ref><ref name=Ob>[http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/RAPPORT_DES_MISSIONS_D_OBSERVATIONS_DES_ELECTIONS_PRESIDENTIELLES_27_FEVRIER_2000_-_1ER_TOUR_DU_SCRUTIN_19_MARS_2000_-_2E_TOUR_DU_SCRUTIN.pdf "Rapport des Missions d'Observations des Elections Presidentielles", 2000 election] {{fr icon}}.</ref> In October [[1992]], he and the other PDS ministers quit the government due to complaints about the manner in which the PS was said to control the government.<ref name=Reform/> In the [[Senegalese presidential election, 1993|February 1993 presidential election]], Wade again took second place, with 32% of the vote, behind Diouf, who won with 58%.<ref name=Elections/><ref name=Reform/> Following the May 1993 killing of Constitutional Council vice-president Babacar Sèye, Wade, along with other PDS leaders, faced police questioning.<ref name=Reform/><ref name=HR>[http://www.unhcr.org/home/RSDCOI/3ae6aa5420.html Senegal Human Rights Practices, 1993], U.S. Department of State.</ref> On [[October 1]], Wade, his wife, and two PDS members of the National Assembly ([[Abdoulaye Faye (politician)|Abdoulaye Faye]] and [[Ousmane Ngom]]), were charged with complicity in the murder, although they were not held in custody or put on trial.<ref name=HR/> Following riots in February [[1994]], Wade was arrested along with many others for allegedly threatening state security. The charge of complicity in Sèye's murder was dismissed in May 1994, and Wade and his co-defendants began a hunger strike on [[June 30]]. He and his co-defendants were released on [[July 4]], and the remaining charges were dismissed on [[August 30]].<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/home/RSDCOI/3ae6aa48c.html Senegal Human Rights Practices, 1994], U.S. Department of State.</ref> Wade rejoined the government as Minister of State in March 1995, but he and the other PDS ministers left again in March 1998.<ref name=Ob/>
Wade subsequently spent a year in France, returning to Senegal on [[October 27]] [[1999]].<ref>"Senegal: Opposition leader Wade returns to Dakar", AFP (nl.newsbank.com), October 28, 1999.</ref><ref>"Senegal: Opposition leader Wade to meet colleagues on election plan", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), October 28, 1999.</ref> In the first round of the [[Senegalese presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]], held on [[February 27]], he again took second place, receiving 31% of the vote, but for the first time, Diouf did not win a first round majority,<ref name=Elections/> and consequently a second round was held on [[March 19]]. Wade won this round with 58.49% of the vote,<ref name=Elections/><ref name=PM>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=qw954684661377B252 "Senegal's Wade names prime minister"], Reuters, April 2, 2000.</ref> having received the support of candidates from the first round, including third place candidate [[Moustapha Niasse]]. Wade became President on [[April 1]], [[2000]] and appointed Niasse as his Prime Minister shortly afterwards.<ref name=PM/> Wade had to initially [[cohabitation (government)|cohabit]] with the PS, which held a majority in the legislature until the PDS and its allies (the [[Sopi Coalition]]) won a majority in in the [[Senegalese parliamentary election, 2001|April 2001 parliamentary election]].
[[Image:GWBush & AbdoulayeWade 2003July08.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Wade with [[U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] in July 2003]]
A [http://www.gouv.sn/textes/constitution.html new constitution] was adopted in [[2001]], reducing presidential terms to five years following the completion of Wade's seven-year term in 2007. Wade announced on [[April 13]] [[2006]] that the [[Senegalese presidential election, 2007|next presidential election]] would be held on [[February 25]], [[2007]].<ref>[http://www.liberal-international.org/newsletter.asp?ia_id=1284 "Senegal elections set for 25 February 2007"], Liberal International, Issue 35.</ref>
Wade was nominated as the presidential candidate of the PDS on [[October 15]] [[2006]].<ref>[http://www.apanews.net/spip.php?page=show_article_eng&id_article=12903 "Wade nominated for February 2007 presidential elections"], African Press Agency, October 16, 2006.</ref> One of Wade's opponents in this election was his former prime minister [[Idrissa Seck]], who was once considered Wade's protégé, but was arrested in 2005.<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=52637&SelectRegion=West_Africa "President’s onetime protégé to run for election"], IRIN, April 5, 2006.</ref> Final results released on [[March 11]], [[2007]], showed Wade winning in the first round with 55.9% of the vote, far ahead of his nearest opponents, Seck with about 15% and Socialist Party leader [[Ousmane Tanor Dieng]] with about 13.6%. Dieng and another opposition candidate, [[Abdoulaye Bathily]], filed appeals regarding the election, but these were rejected by the Constitutional Council.<ref name=Final>[http://www.seneweb.com/news/elections2007/article.php?artid=9107 "Le texte intégral de la décision du Conseil constitutionnel"], Agence de Presse Sénégalaise (Seneweb.com), March 11, 2007 {{fr icon}}.</ref> Wade was sworn in for his second term on [[April 3]] at the [[Leopold Sedar Senghor Stadium]] in Dakar, with many African leaders and about 60,000 spectators in attendance.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/03/africa/AF-GEN-Senegal-Wade.php "Senegal's president is inaugurated, as dictators, statesmen look on"], Associated Press (''International Herald Tribune''), April 3, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20070403220820450C686021 "Wade sworn in for second term"], AFP (''IOL''), April 3, 2007.</ref> Critics contend that the Wade regime has been marred by corruption, nepotism and constraints on freedom of the press and other civil liberties.<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-03/2007-03-02-voa34.cfm?CFID=314962917&CFTOKEN=41256770 "Analysts ponder Senegalese President's Legacy"], Voice of America, March 2, 2007.</ref><ref>Daniel Flynn,[http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL1387942620071213, "Reggae star Fakoly tells Senegal's Wade 'leave power'"], Reuters, December 13, 2007.</ref>
At the July 2007 [[African Union]] summit in [[Accra]], [[Ghana]], Wade supported quick formation of the proposed [[United States of Africa]] and said: "If we fail to unite, we will become weak, and if we live isolated in countries that are divided, we face the risk of collapsing in the face of stronger and united economies."<ref>Mamadou Ndiaye, [http://apanews.net/apa.php?page=show_article_eng&id_article=36592 "Wade criticises gradual approach to set up AU Government"], African Press Agency, July 3, 2007.</ref>
{{commons|Abdoulaye Wade}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==See also==
* [[Tokyo International Conference on African Development]] (TICAD-IV), 2008.
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Abdou Diouf]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of Senegal]]||years=2000 – present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alpha Oumar Konaré]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Economic Community of West African States|Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States]] |years=2001 – 2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Kufuor]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{SenegalPresidents}}
{{2007 candidates, Senegal}}
<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME=Wade, Abdoulaye
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=3rd President of Senegal
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[May 29]], [[1926]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Kébémer]], [[Senegal]]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wade, Abdoulaye}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Presidents of Senegal]]
[[Category:Current national leaders]]
[[Category:Senegalese Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Senegalese democracy activists]]
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