Acetic acid bacteria
40124
221984038
2008-06-27T00:13:23Z
Sabedon
2083035
[[Category:Microbiology]]
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = Acetic acid bacteria
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| classis = Alpha Proteobacteria
| ordo = [[Rhodospirillales]]
| familia = '''Acetobacteraceae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Acetobacter]]''<br>
''[[Acidicaldus]]''<br>
''[[Acidiphilium]]''<br>
''[[Acidisphaera]]''<br>
''[[Acidocella]]''<br>
''[[Acidomonas]]''<br>
''[[Asaia]]''<br>
''[[Belnapia]]''<br>
''[[Craurococcus]]''<br>
''[[Gluconacetobacter]]''<br>
''[[Gluconobacter]]''<br>
''[[Kozakia]]''<br>
''[[Leahibacter]]''<br>
''[[Muricoccus]]''<br>
''[[Neoasaia]]''<br>
''[[Oleomonas]]''<br>
''[[Paracraurococcus]]''<br>
''[[Rhodopila]]''<br>
''[[Roseococcus]]''<br>
''[[Rubritepida]]''<br>
''[[Saccharibacter]]''<br>
''[[Stella (genus)|Stella]]''<br>
''[[Swaminathania]]''<br>
''[[Teichococcus]]''<br>
''[[Zavarzinia compransoris|Zavarzinia]]''<br>
}}
'''Acetic acid bacteria''' are [[bacterium|bacteria]] that derive their energy from the [[oxidation]] of [[ethanol]] to [[acetic acid]] during [[Cellular respiration|respiration]]. They are [[Gram-negative]], [[Obligate aerobe|aerobic]], rod-shaped [[bacterium|bacteria]].
The acetic acid bacteria are found in nature where ethanol is being formed as a result of [[yeast]] [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]] of [[sugar]]s and plant [[carbohydrate]]s. They can be isolated from the [[nectar (plant)|nectar]] of flowers and from damaged fruit. Other good sources are fresh apple [[cider]] and [[pasteurization|unpasteurized]] [[beer]] which has not been filter sterilized. In these liquids the acetic acid bacteria grow as a surface film due to their [[aerobe|aerobic]] nature and active motility. [[Vinegar]] is produced when acetic acid bacteria act on [[alcoholic beverage]]s such as [[wine]].
Some genera, such as ''[[Acetobacter]]'', can eventually oxidize acetic acid to [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water]] using [[Krebs cycle]] [[enzyme]]s. Other genera, such as ''[[Gluconobacter]]'', don't further oxidize acetic acid, as they do not have a full set of Krebs cycle enzymes.
Some acetic acid bacteria, notably ''[[Acetobacter xylinum]]'', are known to synthesize [[cellulose]], something normally only done by plants.
As these bacteria produce [[acid]], they are unusually acid tolerant, growing well below [[pH]] 5.0, although the pH optimum for growth is 5.4-6.3.
[[Category:Rhodospirillales]]
[[Category:Oenology]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
{{Proteobacteria-stub}}
[[da:Eddikesyrebakterie]]
[[de:Acetobacteraceae]]
[[es:Acetobacteria]]
[[ja:酢酸菌]]
[[pt:Acetobactéria]]
[[uk:Acetobacteraceae]]