Acetic acid bacteria 40124 221984038 2008-06-27T00:13:23Z Sabedon 2083035 [[Category:Microbiology]] {{Taxobox | color = lightgrey | name = Acetic acid bacteria | regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]] | phylum = [[Proteobacteria]] | classis = Alpha Proteobacteria | ordo = [[Rhodospirillales]] | familia = '''Acetobacteraceae''' | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''[[Acetobacter]]''<br> ''[[Acidicaldus]]''<br> ''[[Acidiphilium]]''<br> ''[[Acidisphaera]]''<br> ''[[Acidocella]]''<br> ''[[Acidomonas]]''<br> ''[[Asaia]]''<br> ''[[Belnapia]]''<br> ''[[Craurococcus]]''<br> ''[[Gluconacetobacter]]''<br> ''[[Gluconobacter]]''<br> ''[[Kozakia]]''<br> ''[[Leahibacter]]''<br> ''[[Muricoccus]]''<br> ''[[Neoasaia]]''<br> ''[[Oleomonas]]''<br> ''[[Paracraurococcus]]''<br> ''[[Rhodopila]]''<br> ''[[Roseococcus]]''<br> ''[[Rubritepida]]''<br> ''[[Saccharibacter]]''<br> ''[[Stella (genus)|Stella]]''<br> ''[[Swaminathania]]''<br> ''[[Teichococcus]]''<br> ''[[Zavarzinia compransoris|Zavarzinia]]''<br> }} '''Acetic acid bacteria''' are [[bacterium|bacteria]] that derive their energy from the [[oxidation]] of [[ethanol]] to [[acetic acid]] during [[Cellular respiration|respiration]]. They are [[Gram-negative]], [[Obligate aerobe|aerobic]], rod-shaped [[bacterium|bacteria]]. The acetic acid bacteria are found in nature where ethanol is being formed as a result of [[yeast]] [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]] of [[sugar]]s and plant [[carbohydrate]]s. They can be isolated from the [[nectar (plant)|nectar]] of flowers and from damaged fruit. Other good sources are fresh apple [[cider]] and [[pasteurization|unpasteurized]] [[beer]] which has not been filter sterilized. In these liquids the acetic acid bacteria grow as a surface film due to their [[aerobe|aerobic]] nature and active motility. [[Vinegar]] is produced when acetic acid bacteria act on [[alcoholic beverage]]s such as [[wine]]. Some genera, such as ''[[Acetobacter]]'', can eventually oxidize acetic acid to [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water]] using [[Krebs cycle]] [[enzyme]]s. Other genera, such as ''[[Gluconobacter]]'', don't further oxidize acetic acid, as they do not have a full set of Krebs cycle enzymes. Some acetic acid bacteria, notably ''[[Acetobacter xylinum]]'', are known to synthesize [[cellulose]], something normally only done by plants. As these bacteria produce [[acid]], they are unusually acid tolerant, growing well below [[pH]] 5.0, although the pH optimum for growth is 5.4-6.3. [[Category:Rhodospirillales]] [[Category:Oenology]] [[Category:Microbiology]] {{Proteobacteria-stub}} [[da:Eddikesyrebakterie]] [[de:Acetobacteraceae]] [[es:Acetobacteria]] [[ja:酢酸菌]] [[pt:Acetobactéria]] [[uk:Acetobacteraceae]]