Actinobacteria 219865 226143870 2008-07-17T00:43:20Z Soulbot 1945239 robot Adding: [[ca:Actinobacteri]], [[da:Aktinobakterier]] Modifying: [[no:Aktinobakterier]] {{Taxobox | name = Actinobacteria | image =Actinomyces_israelii.jpg | image_caption = [[Scanning electron micrograph]] of ''Actinomyces israelii''. | regnum = [[Bacteria]] | phylum = '''Actinobacteria''' | phylum_authority = [[Lynn Margulis|Margulis]] | date = 1974 | classis = '''Actinobacteria''' | subdivision_ranks = Subclasses/Orders | subdivision = *Acidimicrobidae **Acidimicrobiales *:<small>Contains&nbsp;one&nbsp;genus&nbsp;''[[Acidimicrobium]]''</small> *[[Actinobacteridae]] **[[Actinomycetales]] **[[Bifidobacteriales]] *Coriobacteridae **Coriobacterales *:<small>Contains&nbsp;one&nbsp;family&nbsp;''[[Coriobacteriaceae]]''</small> *Rubrobacteridae **Rubrobacterales *:<small>Contains&nbsp;one&nbsp;genus&nbsp;''[[Rubrobacter]]''</small> *Sphaerobacteridae **Sphaerobacterales *:<small>Contains&nbsp;one&nbsp;genus&nbsp;''[[Sphaerobacter]]''</small> }} '''Actinobacteria''' or '''actinomycetes''' are a group of [[Gram-positive]] [[bacterium|bacteria]] with high [[G+C ratio]]. They include some of the most common [[soil life]], playing an important role in decomposition of organic materials, such as [[cellulose]] and [[chitin]] and thereby playing a vital part in organic matter turnover and [[carbon cycle]]. This replenishes the supply of nutrients in the soil and is an important part of [[humus]] formation. Other Actinobacteria inhabit plants and animals, including a few [[pathogen]]s, such as ''[[Mycobacterium]]'', ''[[Corynebacterium]]'', ''[[Nocardia]]'', ''[[Rhodococcus]]'' and a few species of ''[[Streptomyces]]''. Actinobacteria are well known as [[secondary metabolite]] producers and hence of high pharmacological and commercial interest. In [[1940]] [[Selman Waksman]] discovered that the soil [[bacteria]] he was studying made [[actinomycin]], a discovery which granted him a [[Nobel Prize]]. Since then hundreds of naturally occurring [[antibiotics]] have been discovered in these terrestrial [[microorganism]]s, especially from the genus ''[[Streptomyces]]''. Genomes of 44 different strains of Actinobacteria from different genera are either already sequenced or underway right now. Some Actinobacteria form branching filaments, which somewhat resemble the [[mycelium|mycelia]] of the unrelated [[fungus|fungi]], among which they were originally classified under the older name Actinomycetes. Most members are [[Aerobic organism|aerobic]], but a few, such as ''Actinomyces israelii'', can grow under anaerobic conditions. Unlike the [[Firmicutes]], the other main group of Gram-positive bacteria, they have DNA with a high [[GC-content]] and some Actinomycetes species produce external [[spore]]s. Representative genera include: * ''[[Actinomyces]]'' * ''[[Arthrobacter]]'' * ''[[Corynebacterium]]'' * ''[[Frankia]]'' * ''[[Micrococcus]]'' * ''[[Micromonospora]]'' * ''[[Mycobacterium]]'' * ''[[Nocardia]]'' * ''[[Propionibacterium acnes|Propionibacterium]]'' * ''[[Streptomyces]]'' == References == * Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, and Ward-Rainey NL (1997). Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. ''Int J Syst Bacteriol'' '''47''':479-491. [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/2/479 Abstract] ==External links== * [http://www.gmo-safety.eu/en/safety_science/102.docu.html Effects of transgenic T4 lysozyme potato plants on micro-organisms in the soil – focusing on bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere] {{wikispecies}} [[Category:Actinobacteria| ]] [[Category:Bacteria]] [[Category:Microbiology]] {{Bacteria}} [[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] [[ca:Actinobacteri]] [[cs:Aktinobakterie]] [[da:Aktinobakterier]] [[de:Actinobacteria]] [[es:Actinobacteria]] [[fr:Actinobacteria]] [[it:Actinobacteria]] [[nl:Straalzwammen]] [[ja:放線菌]] [[no:Aktinobakterier]] [[pl:Actinobacteria]] [[pt:Actinobacteria]] [[vi:Xạ khuẩn]] [[uk:Актинобактерії]] [[zh:放線菌門]]