Acyl 81634 213064078 2008-05-17T16:28:55Z Vuo 143648 [[Image:Acyl group.svg|An acyl group|right]]An '''acyl group''' ([[IUPAC]] name: '''alkanoyl''') is a [[functional group]] derived by the removal of one or more [[hydroxyl]] group from an [[oxoacid]].<ref name="gold book">[[Compendium of Chemical Terminology]], [http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00123.html acyl groups]</ref>. In [[organic chemistry]], the acyl group is usually derived from a [[carboxylic acid]] of the form R[[Carbon|C]] [[Oxygen|O]] [[hydroxyl|OH]]. It therefore has the formula R[[Carbon|C]](=[[Oxygen|O]])-, with a [[double bond]] between the carbon and oxygen atoms (i.e. a [[carbonyl group]]), and a single bond between R and the carbon. Acyl groups can also be derived from other types of acids such as [[sulfonic acid]]s, [[phosphonic acid]]s, and some others. Acyl halides can be used in [[Friedel-Crafts]] acylation to introduce the acyl moiety in an [[aromatic compound]]. In [[biochemistry]], [[Coenzyme A|acyl CoA]]s are derivates of [[fatty acid]] metabolism, with [[acetyl CoA]] as an example. They are actually [[thiol ester]]s. ==Examples== The names of acyl groups are typically derived from the corresponding acid by substituting the acid ending '''-ic''' with the ending '''-yl''' as shown in the table below. Note that [[methyl]], [[ethyl]], [[propyl]], [[butyl]] etc. end in -yl are not acyl but [[alkyl]] groups, derived from [[alkane]]s. {| class="wikitable" !colspan="2"|Acyl group name<br>(R-CO-) !colspan="2"|Corresponding carboxylic acid name<br>(R-CO-OH) |- !common!!systematic!!common!!systematic |- |[[formyl|form'''yl''']]||methanoyl||[[formic acid|form'''ic''' acid]]||methanoic acid |- |[[acetyl|acet'''yl''']]||ethanoyl||[[acetic acid|acet'''ic''' acid]]||ethanoic acid |- |[[propionyl|propion'''yl''']]||propanoyl||[[propionic acid|propion'''ic''' acid]]||propanoic acid |- |colspan="2" align="center"|[[benzoyl|benzo'''yl''']] |colspan="2" align="center"|[[benzoic acid|benzo'''ic''' acid]] |- |[[acryl|acr'''yl''']]||propenoyl||[[acrylic acid|acryl'''ic''' acid]]||propenoic acid |} ==Acyl species== In '''acyloxy''' groups the acyl group is bonded to oxygen: R-C=O-O-R' where R-C=O is the acyl group. '''Acylium ions''' are [[cation]]s of the type R-C<sup>+</sup>=O and play an important role as intermediates in [[organic reaction]]s <ref name="gold book"/> for example the [[Hayashi rearrangement]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Acylation]] [[Category:Functional groups]] [[bg:Ацил]] [[ca:Grup acil]] [[de:Acyl]] [[es:Grupo acilo]] [[fr:Acyle]] [[id:Asil]] [[it:Acile]] [[pl:Grupa acylowa]] [[pt:Grupo acilo]] [[sv:Acylgrupp]] [[vi:Acyl]] [[tr:Asil]] [[zh:酰基]]