Adama
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2008-07-12T22:09:35Z
Gyrofrog
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{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Adama
|other_name = Nazret
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'''Adama''' ([[Oromo language|Oromo]] ''Adaama'', [[Ge'ez alphabet|Ge'ez]] ኣዳማ ''ādāmā''), better known<ref>Alain Gascon, "Adaama" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., ''Encyclopaedia Aethiopica'', Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003, p.70.</ref> as '''Nazret''' or '''Nazreth''' (ናዝሬት ''nāzrēt''), is a [[city]] in central [[Ethiopia]] and the previous [[capital]] of the [[Oromia Region]]. It is located in the [[Misraq Shewa Zone]] of Oromia, at {{coor d|8.55|N|39.27|E|type:city}} at an elevation of 1712 meters, approximately 100 [[Kilometre|km]] southeast of [[Addis Ababa]]. The city sits between the base of an [[escarpment]] to the west, and the top of the [[Great Rift Valley]] to the east.
Based on figures from the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] in 2005, this city has an estimated total population of 228,623 of whom 114,255 were males and were 114,368 females,<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics], Table B.3</ref> although other estimates confirm that the current population exceeds 200,000.<ref>{{cite web | author = Butler, Rhett A. | year = 2004 | url = http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/2005_world_city_populations/Ethiopia.html | title = 2005 population estimates for cities in Ethiopia | work = Mongabay.com | accessdate = February 28 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 127,842 of whom 61,965 were males and 65,877 were females.
==Overview==
Adama is a busy transportation center. The city is situated along the road that connects [[Addis Ababa]] with [[Dire Dawa]]. A large number of trucks use this same route to travel to and from the [[port|seaport]]s of [[Djibouti]] and [[Asseb]] (though the latter is not currently used by Ethiopia, following the [[Eritrean-Ethiopian War]]). Additionally, the [[Ethio-Djibouti Railways|Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad]] runs through Adama.
[[Adama University]] (formerly Adama Technical Teachers College) is located in Adama. [[Adama Stadium]] is the home of [[Adama City FC]], a member of the [[Ethiopian Football Federation]] league.
==History==
[[Emperor]] [[Haile Selassie of Ethiopia|Haile Selassie]] renamed the town after [[Nazareth|Biblical Nazareth]], and this name was used throughout the [[twentieth century]]. In [[2000]], the city officially reverted to its original [[Oromo language]] name, Adama, though "Nazareth" is still widely used.
In 2000, the Ethiopian government moved the regional capital of Oromia from [[Addis Ababa]] to Adama, sparking considerable controversy. Critics of the move believed that the Ethiopian government wished to deemphasize Addis Ababa's location within Oromia.<ref>{{cite web | author = Hameso, Seyoum and Tilahun Ayanou Nebo | year = 2000 | url = http://www.sidamaconcern.com/books/ethiopia_a_new_start.html | title = Ethiopia: A New Start? | work = The Sidama Concern | accessdate = February 25 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Mosisa, Abraham T. | year = January 13, 2004 | url = http://oromostudies.org/lettertoUNSecretaryGeneral.htm | title = Letter to U.N. Secretary-General | publisher = Oromo Studies Association | accessdate = February 25 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> On the other hand, the government maintained that Addis Ababa "has been found inconvenient from the point of view of developing the language, culture and history of the Oromo people."<ref>{{cite web | year = July 13, 2000 | url = http://www.telecom.net.et/~walta/ennews/html/jul/ed130700/html/newsitem_3.html | title = Nazareth Selected as Oromiya's Capital | publisher = Walta Information Center | accessdate = February 25 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref>
On [[June 10]], [[2005]], the [[Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization]] (OPDO), part of the ruling [[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front|EPRDF]] coalition, officially announced plans to move the regional capital back to Finfinne (the Oromo name for Addis Ababa).<ref>{{cite web|date=2005-06-11|url=http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:9D8m64qV_awJ:www.waltainfo.com/EnNews/2005/Jun/11Jun05/Jun11e11.htm+Adama+Finfinne+site:waltainfo.com&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1| title=Chief Administrator of Oromia says decision to move capital city based on study|publisher=Walta Information Center|accessdate=February 25|accessyear=2006|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050613234040/http://waltainfo.com/EnNews/2005/Jun/11Jun05/Jun11e11.htm|archivedate=2005-06-13}}</ref> This announcement occurred during the aftermath of Ethiopia's most democratic elections to date, in which the governing coalition lost all of its seats in Addis Ababa's municipal administration (see [[Ethiopian general elections, 2005]]). The opposition parties speculated that the move was intended as a way to split them along ethnic lines by inciting the largely non-Oromo residents of Addis Ababa to oppose the return of the Oromia government to the Ethiopian capital.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The only comments from the opposition that the move inspired, however, was that the original move to Adama had been a massive waste of money, not to mention lives, as the government had cracked down on Oromo students who had protested the move from Finfinne to Adama. In any event, non-Oromo groups did not oppose the return of Oromia government offices to Addis Ababa.
== References ==
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==Further reading==
*Briggs, Philip. ''Guide to Ethiopia.'' Old Saybrook, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, 1995. ISBN 1-56440-814-0
==External links==
*[http://www.adamachamber.com Adama Chamber of Commerce]
*{{wikitravel}}
{{Cities of Ethiopia}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in the Oromia Region]]
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