Adduct
4499573
215551627
2008-05-28T18:29:25Z
DOI bot
6652755
Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]].
:''See also [[adduction]], one of the [[anatomical terms of motion]].''
[[Image:Borane-THF-adduct-3D-balls.png|thumb|right|200px|A [[ball-and-stick model]] of the Lewis adduct between [[borane|BH<sub>3</sub>]] and [[tetrahydrofuran|THF]]]]
An '''adduct''' (from the Latin ''adductus'', "drawn toward") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components, with formation of two chemical bonds and a net reduction in bond multiplicity in at least one of the reactants. The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the adduct between [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sodium carbonate]] to give [[sodium percarbonate]], and the addition of [[sodium bisulfite]] to an [[aldehyde]] to give a sulfonate.
Adducts often form between [[Lewis acid]]s and [[Lewis base]]s. A good example would be the formation of adducts between the Lewis acid [[borane]] and the oxygen atom in the Lewis bases, [[tetrahydrofuran]] (THF) or [[diethyl ether]]: BH<sub>3</sub>•THF, BH<sub>3</sub>•OEt<sub>2</sub>.
Adducts are not necessarily molecular in nature. A good example from [[solid-state chemistry]] are the adducts of ethylene or carbon monoxide of CuAlCl<sub>4</sub>. The latter is a solid with an extended lattice structure. Upon formation of the adduct a new extended phase is formed in which the gas molecules are incorporated (inserted) as [[ligand]]s of the copper atoms within the structure. This reaction can also be considered a reaction between a base and a Lewis acid with the copper atom in the electron-receiving and the pi-electrons of the gas molecule in the donating role.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Capracotta, Michael D.; Sullivan, Roger M.; Martin, James D. | title = Sorptive Reconstruction of CuMCl4 (M = Al and Ga) upon Small-Molecule Binding and the Competitive Binding of CO and Ethylene | journal = [[J. Am. Chem. Soc.]] | year = 2006 | volume = 128 | issue = 41 | pages = 13463–13473 | doi = 10.1021/ja063172q}}</ref>
==References==
* {{GoldBookRef | file = A00138 | title = adduct}}
<references />
[[Category:Chemical reactions]]
[[Category:Solid-state chemistry]]
[[de:Addukt]]
[[es:Aducto]]
[[lv:Adukts]]
[[pl:Addukt]]
[[pt:Aduto]]
[[ru:Аддукт]]
[[zh:加合物]]