Adenosine monophosphate 89229 222315304 2008-06-28T17:56:09Z Zorrobot 7218328 robot Adding: [[sv:Adenosinmonofosfat]] {{Chembox new | ImageFile = AMP structure.svg | ImageSize = 300px | IUPACName = 5'-Adenylic acid | OtherNames = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 61-19-8 | PubChem = | SMILES = O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]</br/>(O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=O)</br/>N2C3=C(N=C2)C(N)=NC=N3)O | MeSHName = Adenosine+monophosphate }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>P | MolarMass = 347.22 g/mol | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | Solubility = | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | Autoignition = }} }} '''Adenosine monophosphate''', also known as '''5'-adenylic acid''' and abbreviated '''AMP''', is a [[nucleotide]] that is found in [[RNA]]. It is an [[ester]] of [[phosphoric acid]] with the [[nucleoside]] [[adenosine]]. AMP consists of the [[phosphate]] [[Functional group|group]], the [[pentose]] [[sugar]] [[ribose]], and the [[nucleobase]] [[adenine]]. ==Production and degradation== AMP can be produced during [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] synthesis by the enzyme [[adenylate kinase]] by combining two [[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]] molecules: : 2 ADP → ATP + AMP'' Or AMP may be produced by the [[hydrolysis]] of one [[high energy phosphate]] bond of ADP: : ADP → AMP + [[phosphate|P<sub>i</sub>]] AMP can also be formed by hydrolysis of [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] into AMP and [[pyrophosphate]]: : ATP → AMP + [[pyrophosphate|PP<sub>i</sub>]] When RNA is broken down by living systems, nucleoside monophosphates, including adenosine monophosphate, are formed. AMP can be regenerated to ATP as follows: : AMP + ATP → 2 ADP (adenylate kinase in the opposite direction) : ADP + P<sub>i</sub> → ATP (this step is most often performed in aerobes by the [[ATP synthase]] during [[oxidative phosphorylation]]) AMP can be converted into [[inosine monophosphate|IMP]] by the [[enzyme]] [[myoadenylate deaminase]], freeing an [[ammonia]] group. In a catabolic pathway, adenosine monophosphate can be converted to [[uric acid]], which is excreted from the body. ==cAMP== AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as [[cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cyclic AMP]] (or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme [[adenylate cyclase]] makes cAMP from ATP, and typically this reaction is regulated by hormones such as [[adrenaline]] or [[glucagon]]. cAMP plays an important role in intracellular signaling. ==Application as a bitterness suppressor== To human tastes, the bitterness-suppressing quality of AMP interprets as food seeming 'sweeter'. This makes lower-calorie food products more palatable, making AMP potentially a lucrative solution for food manufacturers as they respond to pressure from consumers and regulators concerned about social trends towards [[obesity]].<ref>[http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT6942874&id=5a0VAAAAEBAJ&dq=6942874 Nucleotide compounds that block the bitter taste of oral compositions] patent by [[Linguagen Corp]])</ref> AMP has been approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs.<ref>[http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?id=54804-bitter-blocker-backed Bitter Blocker Backed]</ref> ==See also== * [[DNA]] * [[Oligonucleotide]] ==References== <references/> ==External links== * [http://www.compchemwiki.org/index.php?title=Adenosine_monophosphate Computational Chemistry Wiki] * [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/17/9903 Blocking taste receptor activation of gustducin inhibits gustatory responses to bitter compounds] {{Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides}} [[Category:Nucleotides]] [[ca:Monofosfat d'adenosina]] [[da:Adenosinmonofosfat]] [[de:Adenosinmonophosphat]] [[es:Adenosín monofosfato]] [[it:Adenosinmonofosfato]] [[ja:アデニル酸]] [[oc:Adenosina monofosfat]] [[pl:Adenozynomonofosforan]] [[pt:Adenosina monofosfato]] [[sv:Adenosinmonofosfat]] [[tr:Adenozin monofosfat]] [[uk:Аденозинмонофосфат]] [[zh:單磷酸腺苷]]