Adobe Photoshop
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225860694
2008-07-15T19:09:25Z
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{{redirect|Photoshop}}
{{ infobox software
| name = Adobe Photoshop
| logo = [[Image:Photoshop CS3.png|64px|Adobe Photoshop Icon]]
| screenshot = [[Image:Adobe Photoshop CS3 running in Mac OS X.png|270px|Photoshop CS3 Extended Screen]]
| caption = Photoshop CS3 Extended running on [[Mac OS X Leopard]]
| developer = [[Adobe Systems]]
| latest release version = CS3 and CS3 Extended (10.0.1)
| latest release date = {{release date and age|2007|11|15}}
| latest preview version = CS4 Beta (11.0)
| latest preview date = 2008
| programming language = [[C++]]
| operating system = [[Mac OS X]], [[Microsoft Windows]]
| language = [[#Language Availability|25 languages]]
| genre = [[Raster graphics editor]] / [[Vector graphics editor]]
| license = [http://www.adobe.com/products/eulas/ Proprietary software]
| website = [http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop Adobe Photoshop Homepage]
}}
[[Image:Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended.png|thumb|250px|Photoshop CS3 on Windows]]
'''Adobe Photoshop''', or simply '''Photoshop''', is a [[Graphics software|graphics editing program]] developed and published by [[Adobe Systems]]. It is the current and primary [[Market dominance|market leader]] for commercial [[Raster graphics|bitmap]] and [[image]] manipulation, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals"<ref>{{cite news |title=Adobe in Photoshop freebie |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/03/01/technology/adobe/ |date=[[2007-03-01]] |work=[[CNN]].com |accessdate=2007-04-27}}</ref> and was one of the early "[[killer application]]s" on [[Macintosh]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,130207-page,4-c,technology/article.html | title = The 50 Best Tech Products of All Time | author = Christopher Null | work = PC World | date = 2007-04-02}}</ref>
Photoshop CS3, the current tenth iteration of the program, was released on [[16 April]] [[2007]]. "CS" reflects its integration with other [[Adobe Creative Suite|Creative Suite]] products, and the number "3" represents it as the third version released since Adobe re-branded its products under the CS umbrella. Photoshop CS3 features additions such as the ability to apply non-destructive filters, as well as new selection tools named Quick Selection and Refine Edge that make selection more streamlined. On April 30th, Adobe released Photoshop CS3 Extended, which includes all the same features of Adobe Photoshop CS3 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, [[Adobe Creative Suite 4|Photoshop CS4]], will be the first [[64-bit]] Photoshop on consumer microcomputers.<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,144119-c,graphicsmultimedia/article.html PC World - Adobe Announces Creative Suite 4]</ref>
== Development ==
=== Early history ===
[[Image:PS ß icons.png|thumb|250px|right|Photoshop 0.63 icons]]
In 1987, [[Thomas Knoll]], a [[PhD]] student at the [[University of Michigan]], began writing a program on his [[Macintosh Plus]] to display [[grayscale]] images on a [[monochrome]] display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother [[John Knoll]], an [[Industrial Light & Magic]] employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.photoshopnews.com/feature-stories/photoshop-profile-thomas-john-knoll-10/ |title=Thomas & John Knoll |accessdate=2007-06-15 |author=Schewe, Jeff |date=2000 |work=PhotoshopNews }}</ref> Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.storyphoto.com/multimedia/multimedia_photoshop.html |title=From Darkroom to Desktop—How Photoshop Came to Light |accessdate=2007-06-15 |author=Story, Derrick |date=[[2000-02-18]] |work=Story Photography }}</ref>
During this time, John traveled to [[Silicon Valley]] and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer Inc.]] and [[Russell Brown (Adobe)|Russell Brown]], art director at [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]]. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988.<ref name="history" /> While John worked on [[Plugin|plug-in]]s in California, Thomas remained in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] writing program code. ''Photoshop'' 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively<!--, and could fit on a single 1.44 MB [[floppy disk]]-->.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siliconuser.com/?q=node/10 |title=How Adobe's Photoshop Was Born |accessdate=2007-06-15 |author=Hormby, John |date=[[2007-06-05]] |work=Story Photography }}</ref>
=== Releases ===
{{see|Adobe Photoshop release history}}
Continual revisions were made to the program, with new versions released in the following years. In November 1992, a [[Microsoft Windows]] port of version 2.0 of the software was released, and a year later it was ported to the [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]] [[IRIX]] and [[Sun Microsystems|Sun]] [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] platforms. In September 1994, version 3.0 was released, which introduced [[Layers (digital image editing)|layers]] and tabbed palettes. In February 2003, the program shipped with the Camera RAW 1.x plug-in, which allowed the user to import [[Raw image format|RAW formats]] from different [[digital camera]]s directly into Photoshop.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cameraraw.html |title=Digital camera raw file support |accessdate=2007-06-16 |date=2007 |work=Adobe official site }}</ref>
In October 2004, the program was renamed Adobe Photoshop CS. The name uses the abbreviation CS for products in [[Adobe Creative Suite]]. The logo focused around a feather rendered in shades of blue and green, which was also used in 9.0.<ref name="reiven">{{cite web |url=http://www.webdesign.org/web/photoshop/articles/photoshop-history.10917.html |title=Photoshop History|accessdate=2007-06-16 |author=Reiven (alias) |date=[[2007-01-25]] |work=Web Design Library }}</ref> The 10th version, Photoshop CS3 was released on [[April 16]], [[2007]], with a blue icon modeled after [[periodic table]] [[chemical element|elements]], matching the new icons of other Creative Suite products.
In January 2008, the [[Wine (software)|Wine]] project announced official support for Photoshop CS2, allowing the Windows version of Photoshop CS2 to be used on Linux and other Unix platforms.
Photoshop is written in the [[C++]] [[programming language]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.research.att.com/~bs/applications.html |title=C++ Applications |accessdate=2007-07-30 |author=[[Bjarne Stroustrup]] |date=[[2007-05-25]] |work=AT&T Labs Research }}</ref>
== Features ==
{{see|Comparison of raster graphics editors#Features}}
Photoshop has strong ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. Files in Photoshop's native format, .PSD, can be exported to and from [[Adobe ImageReady]], [[Adobe Illustrator]], [[Adobe Premiere Pro]], [[Adobe After Effects|After Effects]], and [[Adobe Encore DVD]] to make professional standard DVDs and provide non-linear editing and special effects services, such as backgrounds, textures, and so on, for television, film, and the Web. For example, Photoshop CS broadly supports making menus and buttons for [[DVDs]]. For .PSD files exported as a menu or button, it only needs to have layers, nested in layer sets with a cuing format, and Adobe Encore DVD reads them as buttons or menus.
Photoshop can utilize the color models [[RGB color model|RGB]], [[Lab color model|lab]], [[CMYK color model|CMYK]], [[grayscale]], binary [[bitmap]], and [[duotone]]. Photoshop has the ability to read and write [[raster graphics|raster]] and [[vector graphics|vector]] image formats such as: [[Encapsulated PostScript|.EPS]], .PNG, .GIF, .JPEG, Fireworks, etc. It also has several native file formats:
* The '''.PSD''' (Photoshop Document) format stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, [[color spaces]], [[ICC profile]]s, transparency, text, alpha channels and [[spot color]]s, [[Clipping path]]s, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. Photoshop's popularity means that the .PSD format is widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software.
* The '''.PSB''' (Large Document Format) format is a newer version of .PSD designed for files over 2 [[gigabyte]]s.
* The '''.PDD''' (PhotoDeluxe Document) format is a version of .PSD that only supports the features found in the discontinued [[Adobe PhotoDeluxe|PhotoDeluxe]] software.
=== CS3 ===
[[Image:Photoshop CS3 Smart Layers.png|thumb|right|Smart Layers display the filter without altering the original image]]
Photoshop CS3 is marketed with three main components of improvement over previous versions: "Work more productively, Edit with unrivaled power, and [[Compositing|composite]] with breakthrough tools."<ref name="features">{{cite web |url=http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshop/pdfs/photoshop_overview.pdf |title=Adobe Photoshop CS3 Product overview |accessdate=2007-06-17 |date=2007 |work=Adobe official site |format=PDF }}</ref> New features propagating productivity include streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options, enhanced [[PDF]] support, and better management with [[Adobe Bridge]]. Editing tools new to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other features such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves users control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved [[image stitching]] technology.<ref name="features" />
CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3 plus tools for editing and importing some [[List of file formats#3D graphics|3D graphics file formats]], enhancing video, and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing [[MATLAB]] integration and [[Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine|DICOM]] file support.<ref>{{ cite web | title = Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended - Product overview | accessdate = 2007-06-17 | year = 2007 | url =
http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshopextended/pdfs/photoshopex_datasheet.pdf | work = Adobe Official site | format = PDF }}</ref>
The logo comprises white letters "Ps" on a gradient blue square.
== Photoshop family ==
There are seven different products in the current Photoshop family.
* Photoshop CS3
* Photoshop CS3 Extended
* Photoshop Elements 6.0 for Macintosh
* Photoshop Elements 6.0 for Windows
* Photoshop Elements 6.0 & Adobe Premiere Elements 4.0
* Photoshop Express beta
* Photoshop Lightroom
== Internationalization and localization ==
=== Language availability ===
Adobe Photoshop CS3 is available in the following languages: Arabic (Middle Eastern version), Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew (Middle Eastern version), Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish <ref>http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshop/systemreqs/</ref>
=== Specific features for Arabic and Hebrew languages ===
The Middle Eastern/Hebrew and the Middle Eastern/Arabic versions are specifically developed for Arabic and Hebrew languages.
;Text Settings
:Photoshop Middle Eastern versions come with special settings for typing and laying out Arabic or Hebrew text, such as:
:* Possibility to use Arabic, Persian or Hindi digits
:* Use [[Keshideh|kashidas]] for letter spacing and full justification
:* Set vowels /diacritics positioning
:* Ligature option
:* Justify text in three possible ways to get the results you want (Standard, Arabic, Naskh)
;Additional fonts:
:Photoshop Middle Eastern versions support most fonts shipped with the OS as well as a large number of third party fonts widely used by graphic designers in the Middle Eastern regions. Photoshop Middle Eastern versions install one additional font that facilitates your work in Middle Eastern languages: WinSoft Pro, which is available in four styles: Medium, Medium Italic, Bold and Bold Italic.
;Bi-directional text flow
:In Photoshop Middle Eastern versions, the notion of right-to-left behaviour applies to several objects: Paragraph and Character. You can easily mix Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right Words and Paragraphs in a document.
;Dictionary and hyphenation module
:Photoshop Middle Eastern versions come with a comprehensive dictionary for Arabic allowing you to spell check Arabic text with a choice of rules, like Strict Aleef Hamza, Strict Final Yaa, both or none. Photoshop Middle Eastern version comes with a Dictionary and Hyphenation Module for Hebrew.
;Find/replace
:You can search for and change specific occurrences of Middle Eastern text. Photoshop Middle Eastern versions include a "Ignore Accent" option. When checked, the user can search for a string of text whether it contains some accents or not.
;Save for Web
:Special encodings have been added to allow this option to work with Middle Eastern languages.
;Contact Sheet II / Picture Gallery / Smart Quotes
:These options have been adapted to work correctly with Middle Eastern languages.
==Plugins==
{{main|Photoshop plugin}}
Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called [[Photoshop plugins]] which act like mini-editors that modify the image. The most common type are filter plugins that provide various image effects. They are located in the 'Filter' menu: pre-installed plugins come first, and third-party plugins are placed below the separator.
== Trademark ==
{{wiktionary|photoshop}}
Adobe discourages use of "Photoshop" as a verb, as in using ''[[Photo manipulation#Photoshopping|photoshopping]]'' to refer to [[photo editing]], to prevent its [[trademark]] from becoming a [[genericized trademark]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adobe.com/misc/trade.html#photoshop |title=Permissions and trademark guidelines - Proper use of the Photoshop trademark |accessdate=2007-06-15 |date=2007 |work=Adobe official site }}</ref>. Nevertheless, ''photoshop'' is commonly used as a verb.<ref>[http://www.macworld.com/2000/08/bc/28photoshop/ David Blatner of MacWorld on professional ''photoshopping'']</ref> Also commonly shortened to simply "shopped", this has become the modern replacement of "airbrushed".
== Consumer market ==
[[Image:Photoshop Family logo.png|thumb|left|Photoshop Family of products logo]]
While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program for professional [[raster graphics]], its relatively high suggested retail price has led to a number of [[List of raster graphics editors|competing graphics tools]] being made available at lower prices for the amateur market. To compete in this market, and to counter unusually high rates of [[copyright infringement of software|piracy]] of its high end products, the company introduced a consumer-oriented version of Photoshop as [[Adobe Photoshop Elements]]. A more user-friendly interface and new tools such as the "red-eye" reduction brush were aimed firmly at the more casual image editor, although many professional features were omitted. Removing CMYK functionality, for example, made Elements unsuitable for commercial [[prepress]] work.<ref>[http://www.creativepro.com/story/review/12801.html creativepro.com - Photoshop Elements: Almost-Photoshop Image Editing at a Bargain Price<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Adobe Photoshop Express]]
* [[Image editing]]
* [[Photoshop contest]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{wikiversity}}
* [http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/ Official website]
* {{dmoz|Computers/Software/Graphics/Image_Editing/Photoshop|Photoshop}}
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[[Category:Technical communication tools|Photoshop]]
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