Alan Lloyd Hodgkin 353862 220853548 2008-06-21T22:49:26Z Borgx 271227 +id {{Infobox scientist | name = Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin | image = Alan L. Hodgkin.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1914|02|05}} | birth_place = [[Banbury]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[England]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1998|12|20|1914|02|05}} | death_place = [[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]], [[England]] | nationality = [[United Kingdom]] | prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (1963) | filed = [[Physiology]] and [[Biophysics]] }} '''Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin''', [[Order of Merit|OM]], [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (born [[February 5]], [[1914]], [[Banbury]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[England]]<ref>GRO Register of Births: MAR 1914 3a 2167 BANBURY - Alan L. Hodgkin, mmn = Wilson</ref>; died [[December 20]], [[1998]] [[Cambridge]]<ref>GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1998 B43C 32 CAMBRIDGE - Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, DoB = 5 Feb 1914, aged 84</ref>) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[physiology|physiologist]] and [[biophysics|biophysicist]], who won the 1963 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]. ==Early life== Hodgkin was educated at [[Gresham's School]], [[Holt, Norfolk|Holt]], and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].<ref>Benson, S. G. G., Crossley Evans, Martin, ''I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School'' (James & James, London, 2002) ISBN 0-907383-92-0</ref> ==Career== During the [[Second World War]], he volunteered to work on [[Aviation]] Medicine at [[Royal Aircraft Establishment|Farnborough]] and was subsequently transferred to the [[Telecommunications Research Establishment]] (TRE) where he worked on the development of centimetric [[radar]], including the design of the [[Village Inn (codename)|Village Inn]] airborne gun-laying system. With [[Andrew Fielding Huxley]], Hodgkin worked on experimental measurements and developed an action potential theory representing one of the earliest applications of a technique of [[electrophysiology]], known as the "[[voltage clamp]]". The second critical element of their research was the so-called [[squid giant axon|giant axon]] of [[Atlantic squid]] (''Loligo pealei''), which enabled them to record ionic currents as they would not have been able to do in almost any other [[neuron]], such cells being too small to study by the techniques of the time. The experiments took place at the [[University of Cambridge]] beginning in 1935 with [[frog]] [[sciatic nerve]] and continuing into the 1940s, after interruption by [[World War II]]. Hodgkin and Huxley published their theory in 1952. In 1963, with Huxley, he won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their work on the basis of nerve "[[action potential]]s," the electrical impulses which enable the activity of an organism to be coordinated by a [[central nervous system]]. Hodgkin and Huxley shared the prize that year with [[John Carew Eccles]], who was cited for his research on [[synapse]]s. Hodgkin and Huxley's findings led them to hypothesize [[ion channel]]s, which were confirmed only decades later. Confirmation of ion channels came with the development of the [[patch clamp]], which led to a Nobel prize in 1991 for [[Erwin Neher]] and [[Bert Sakmann]]. From 1978 to 1984, Hodgkin was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. ==Honours== Hodgkin was knighted in 1972 and appointed to the [[Order of Merit]] in 1973. From 1970 to 1975 he was [[President of the Royal Society|President]] of the [[Royal Society]]. ==See also== * [[Hodgkin-Huxley model]] ==References== {{reflist}} *[http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=172 The Master of Trinity] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] *[http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1963/hodgkin-bio.html Nobel biography of Hodgkin] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/239286.stm BBC obituary] *[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1963/hodgkin-speech.html Speech at Nobel banquet, 1963] *[http://web.sfn.org/content/Programs/HistoryofNeuroscience1/ClassicPapers/hodgkin1.pdf Action Potential Paper] {{start box}} {{s-hon}} {{succession box | before=[[Rab Butler|The Lord Butler of Saffron Walden]] | title=[[Trinity College, Cambridge|Master of Trinity College, Cambridge]] | years=1978&ndash;1984 | after=[[Andrew Huxley|Sir Andrew Huxley]] }} {{succession box | title=[[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Leicester]] | before=[[Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian|The Lord Adrian]] | after=[[George Porter|Sir George Porter]] | years=1971&ndash;1984}} {{end box}} {{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1951-1975}} {{Royal Society presidents 1900s}} {{Persondata |NAME = Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd |ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[physiology|physiologist]] and [[biophysics|biophysicist]] |DATE OF BIRTH = [[1914-02-05]] |PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Banbury]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[England]] |DATE OF DEATH = [[1998-12-20]] |PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd}} [[Category:1914 births]] [[Category:1998 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Biophysicists]] [[Category:British neuroscientists]] [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Old Greshamians]] [[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]] [[Category:People from Banbury]] [[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Radar pioneers]] [[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]] [[Category:Systems biologists]] [[ar:ألان لويد هودجكين]] [[ca:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[cs:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[de:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[es:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[eu:Alan Hodgkin]] [[fr:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[hr:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[id:Alan Hodgkin]] [[it:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[sw:Alan Hodgkin]] [[ja:アラン・ロイド・ホジキン]] [[pl:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[pt:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[ru:Ходжкин, Алан]] [[sk:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] [[sv:Alan L. Hodgkin]] [[zh:艾倫·勞埃德·霍奇金]]