Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
| image = Alan L. Hodgkin.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1914|02|05}}
| birth_place = [[Banbury]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[England]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1998|12|20|1914|02|05}}
| death_place = [[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]], [[England]]
| nationality = [[United Kingdom]]
| prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (1963)
| filed = [[Physiology]] and [[Biophysics]]
}}
'''Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin''', [[Order of Merit|OM]], [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (born [[February 5]], [[1914]], [[Banbury]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[England]]<ref>GRO Register of Births: MAR 1914 3a 2167 BANBURY - Alan L. Hodgkin, mmn = Wilson</ref>; died [[December 20]], [[1998]] [[Cambridge]]<ref>GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1998 B43C 32 CAMBRIDGE - Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, DoB = 5 Feb 1914, aged 84</ref>) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[physiology|physiologist]] and [[biophysics|biophysicist]], who won the 1963 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].
==Early life==
Hodgkin was educated at [[Gresham's School]], [[Holt, Norfolk|Holt]], and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].<ref>Benson, S. G. G., Crossley Evans, Martin, ''I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School'' (James & James, London, 2002) ISBN 0-907383-92-0</ref>
==Career==
During the [[Second World War]], he volunteered to work on [[Aviation]] Medicine at [[Royal Aircraft Establishment|Farnborough]] and was subsequently transferred to the [[Telecommunications Research Establishment]] (TRE) where he worked on the development of centimetric [[radar]], including the design of the [[Village Inn (codename)|Village Inn]] airborne gun-laying system.
With [[Andrew Fielding Huxley]], Hodgkin worked on experimental measurements and developed an action potential theory representing one of the earliest applications of a technique of [[electrophysiology]], known as the "[[voltage clamp]]". The second critical element of their research was the so-called [[squid giant axon|giant axon]] of [[Atlantic squid]] (''Loligo pealei''), which enabled them to record ionic currents as they would not have been able to do in almost any other [[neuron]], such cells being too small to study by the techniques of the time. The experiments took place at the [[University of Cambridge]] beginning in 1935 with [[frog]] [[sciatic nerve]] and continuing into the 1940s, after interruption by [[World War II]]. Hodgkin and Huxley published their theory in 1952.
In 1963, with Huxley, he won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their work on the basis of nerve "[[action potential]]s," the electrical impulses which enable the activity of an organism to be coordinated by a [[central nervous system]]. Hodgkin and Huxley shared the prize that year with [[John Carew Eccles]], who was cited for his research on [[synapse]]s. Hodgkin and Huxley's findings led them to hypothesize [[ion channel]]s, which were confirmed only decades later. Confirmation of ion channels came with the development of the [[patch clamp]], which led to a Nobel prize in 1991 for [[Erwin Neher]] and [[Bert Sakmann]].
From 1978 to 1984, Hodgkin was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.
==Honours==
Hodgkin was knighted in 1972 and appointed to the [[Order of Merit]] in 1973. From 1970 to 1975 he was [[President of the Royal Society|President]] of the [[Royal Society]].
==See also==
* [[Hodgkin-Huxley model]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=172 The Master of Trinity] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
*[http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1963/hodgkin-bio.html Nobel biography of Hodgkin]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/239286.stm BBC obituary]
*[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1963/hodgkin-speech.html Speech at Nobel banquet, 1963]
*[http://web.sfn.org/content/Programs/HistoryofNeuroscience1/ClassicPapers/hodgkin1.pdf Action Potential Paper]
{{start box}}
{{s-hon}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Rab Butler|The Lord Butler of Saffron Walden]] |
title=[[Trinity College, Cambridge|Master of Trinity College, Cambridge]] |
years=1978–1984 |
after=[[Andrew Huxley|Sir Andrew Huxley]]
}}
{{succession box | title=[[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Leicester]] | before=[[Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian|The Lord Adrian]] | after=[[George Porter|Sir George Porter]] | years=1971–1984}}
{{end box}}
{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{Royal Society presidents 1900s}}
{{Persondata
|NAME = Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[physiology|physiologist]] and [[biophysics|biophysicist]]
|DATE OF BIRTH = [[1914-02-05]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Banbury]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[England]]
|DATE OF DEATH = [[1998-12-20]]
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Biophysicists]]
[[Category:British neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:Old Greshamians]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]]
[[Category:People from Banbury]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Radar pioneers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]]
[[Category:Systems biologists]]
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