Albert Bandura 237253 223686625 2008-07-05T07:26:11Z Tigga en 1730398 '''Albert Bandura''' (born [[December 4]], [[1925]] in [[Mundare, Alberta| Mundare]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]]) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[psychologist]] specializing in [[social cognitive theory]] and [[self-efficacy]]. == Education == Bandura graduated with a B.A. from the [[University of British Columbia]] with the Bolocan Award in [[psychology]], and then obtained his M.A. in 1951 and Ph.D. in 1952 from the [[University of Iowa]]. Upon graduation, he participated in a clinical internship with the Wichita Kansas Guidance Center. The following year, he accepted a teaching position at Stanford, the same position he holds today. == Academic career == Bandura joined the faculty of the Department of Psychology at [[Stanford University]] in 1953, where he has remained to pursue his career. In 1974 the [[American Psychological Association]] elected him to its presidency. == Research == Bandura was initially influenced by Robert Sears' work on familial antecedents of [[social behavior]] and identificatory learning, Bandura directed his initial research to the role of social [[Modeling (psychology)|modeling]] in human [[motivation]], thought, and action. In collaboration with Richard Walters, his first doctoral student, Bandura engaged in studies of [[social learning]] and [[aggression]]. Their joint efforts illustrated the critical role of [[modeling]] in human behavior and led to a program of research into the determinants and mechanisms of [[observational learning]] (part of which has become known in the [[history of psychology]] as the "[[Bobo doll experiment]]"). The program also led to Bandura's first book, ''Adolescent Aggression'' in 1959, and to a subsequent book, ''Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis'' in 1973. In 1963 Bandura published his second book, ''Social Learning and Personality Development.'' In 1974 [[Stanford University]] awarded him an endowed chair and he became David Starr Jordan Professor of Social Science in Psychology. In 1977, Bandura published the ambitious ''[[social learning theory|Social Learning Theory]]'', a book that altered the direction psychology took in the 1980s.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} In the course of investigating the processes by which modeling alleviates [[phobia| phobic]] disorders in snake-phobics, Bandura found that [[self-efficacy]] beliefs (which the phobic individuals had in their own capabilities to alleviate their [[phobia]]) mediated changes in behavior and in fear-arousal. He then launched a major program of research examining the influential role of self-referent thought in psychological functioning. Although he continued to explore and write on theoretical problems relating to myriad topics, from the late 1970s he devoted much attention to exploring the role that self-efficacy beliefs play in human functioning. In 1986 Bandura published ''Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory'', a book in which he offered a [[social cognitive theory]] of human functioning that accords a central role to cognitive, vicarious, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes in human adaptation and change. This social cognitive theory has its roots in an agentic perspective that views people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating, not just as reactive organisms shaped by [[Natural environment|environmental]] forces or driven by inner impulses. In his 1997 book, ''Self Efficacy: The Exercise of Control,'' Bandura set forth the tenets of his theory of self-efficacy and its applications to fields as diverse as life-course development, education, health, [[psychopathology]], athletics, [[business]], and international affairs. Bandura has lectured and written on topics such as escaping [[homelessness]], deceleration of [[population growth]], transgressive behavior, [[mass communication]], [[substance abuse]], and [[terrorism]]. He has explored the manner in which people morally disengage when they perpetrate [[Crime against humanity| inhumanities]], and he has traced the psychosocial tactics by which individuals and societies selectively disengage moral self-sanctions from inhumane conduct. He desires and works for a civilized life with humane standards buttressed "by safeguards built into social systems that uphold compassionate behavior and renounce cruelty". A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the fifth most-frequently cited psychologist of all time, behind [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Jean Piaget]], [[Hans Eysenck]], and [[B. F. Skinner]], and the most cited living one.<ref>Haggbloom S.J. (2002). The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, Review of General Psychology, 6 (2). 139-152.</ref> == References == <references/> ==External Links== * [http://des.emory.edu/mfp/Bandura/ Albert Bandura Web Site] * [http://des.emory.edu/mfp/self-efficacy.html Self-Efficacy Web Site: A Community of Scholars] * [http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws/Bandura/Biography/Bandura_bio1.html Great Canadian Psychology Website - Albert Bandura Biography] == Bibliography == * Bandura, A. (1973). ''Aggression: A social learning analysis.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. * Bandura, A. (1977). ''Social learning theory.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. * Bandura, A. (1986). ''Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 013815614X * Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), ''Annals of Child Development, 6''. Six theories of child development (pp. 1-60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. * Bandura, A. (1997). ''Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.'' New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0716726262 * Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. ''Personality & Social Psychology Review, 3'', 193-209. * Bandura, A., & Walters. Richard H. (1959). ''Adolescent aggression; a study of the influence of child-training practices and family interrelationships''. New York: Ronald Press. * Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1963). ''Social learning and personality development''. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. * Evans, R. I. (1989). ''Albert Bandura: The man and his ideas: A dialogue.'' New York: Praeger. * Haggbloom, S. J., Warnick, R., ''et al.'' (2002). The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. ''Review of General Psychology, 6''(2), 139-152. * Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.)(2003). ''Educational psychology: A century of contributions''. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum. ISBN 0805836810 {{start box}} {{succession box |before=[[Leona Tyler]] |title=President of the [[American Psychological Association]] |years=1974 |after=[[Donald T. Campbell|Donald Campbell]] }} {{end box}} {{Psychology}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bandura, Albert}} [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:Canadian psychologists]] [[Category:Social psychologists]] [[Category:Educational psychologists]] [[Category:Grawemeyer Award winners]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Psychologists]] [[Category:Stanford University faculty]] [[Category:Ukrainian Canadians]] [[Category:Canadians of Ukrainian descent]] [[Category:University of British Columbia alumni]] [[Category:University of Iowa alumni]] [[Category:Positive psychologists]] [[de:Albert Bandura]] [[es:Albert Bandura]] [[fr:Albert Bandura]] [[ko:앨버트 반두라]] [[is:Albert Bandura]] [[it:Albert Bandura]] [[he:אלברט בנדורה]] [[nl:Albert Bandura]] [[ja:アルバート・バンデューラ]] [[no:Albert Bandura]] [[ps:Miguel Jarque]] [[pl:Albert Bandura]] [[pt:Albert Bandura]] [[ru:Бандура, Альберт]] [[fi:Albert Bandura]] [[uk:Бандура Альберт]] [[tr:Albert Bandura]] [[zh:阿尔波特·班杜拉]]