Alpinia 521946 223436952 2008-07-04T02:03:29Z Kyle the bot 3115531 robot Adding: [[hsb:Alpinija]] {{Taxobox | name = ''Alpinia'' | image = Red Ginger.jpg | image_width = 190px | image_caption = Red Ginger (''Alpinia purpurata'') | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Liliopsida]] | ordo = [[Zingiberales]] | familia = [[Zingiberaceae]] | subfamilia = [[Alpinioideae]] | tribus = [[Alpinieae]] | genus = '''''Alpinia''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. }} ''' ''Alpinia'' ''' is a [[genus]] of [[plant]]s, with more than 230 species from the Ginger family ([[Zingiberaceae]]). [[DNA]] sequence-based methods (See : References) have shown that this genus is [[polyphyletic]]. It is represented by six [[clade]]s distributed across the tribe [[Alpinieae]], that do not correspond to Smith's (1990) classification of the genus (See : References). Further research is needed to specify the taxa in this genus. They occur in tropical and subtropical climates of [[Asia]] and the [[Pacific]], and are in great demand as ornamentals because of their flashy [[flower]]s. These plants grow from large [[rhizome]]s. The stem consists of closely folded blades, such as in [[banana]] trees. The flowers grow on long [[raceme]]s. ==Ethnomedical Uses== [[Alpinia galanga]] is a commonly used species, with similar use and flavour to [[Kaempferia galaga]]. *The [[rhizome]] is used to create a [[tincture]] that is applied [[topical]]ly to treat [[fungal]] skin infections. *The [[rhizome]] is taken orally to enhance digestion, treat intestinal infection, [[Type II Diabetes]], [[bronchitis]], [[rheumatism]], and as an [[aphrodisiac]] == Species == '''Common species:''' * ''[[Alpinia abundiflora]]'' * ''[[Alpinia acrostachya]]'' * ''[[Alpinia caerulea]]'' - Australian Native Ginger * ''[[Alpinia conchigera]]'' - Lesser Alpinia * ''[[Alpinia emaculata]]'' * ''[[Alpinia galanga]]'' - Greater Galingal * ''[[Alpinia javanica]]'' - Javanese Alpinia * ''[[Alpinia melanocarpa]]'' - Black-fruited Alpinia * ''[[Alpinia mutica]]'' - Small Shell Ginger, Orchid Ginger, Narrow-leaved Alpinia * ''[[Alpinia nutans]]'' - Dwarf Cardamom, Ginger Lily, Shell Ginger * ''[[Alpinia officinarum]]'' - Lesser Galangal, Chinese Ginger * ''[[Alpinia petiolata]]'' - Stalked-leaved Alpinia * ''[[Alpinia purpurata]]'' - Red Ginger, Ostrich Plume, Jungle Queen, Pink Cone Ginger * ''[[Alpinia pyramidata]]'' - Java Galangal * ''[[Alpinia rafflesiana]]'' - Raffles' Alpinia * ''[[Alpinia speciosa]]'' - Shellflower, Shellplant * ''[[Alpinia striata]]'' * ''[[Alpinia zerumbet]]'' - Golden Lotus, Shell Ginger) * ''[[Alpinia zingiberina]]'' '''Less common species:''' *''Alpinia acuminata'' *''Alpinia aenea'' *''Alpinia affinis'' *''Alpinia agiokuensis'' *''Alpinia alata'' *''Alpinia albertisii'' *''Alpinia albipurpurea'' *''Alpinia allugas'' *''Alpinia amentacea'' *''Alpinia angustifolia'' *''Alpinia annabellae'' *''Alpinia antillarum'' *''Alpinia apoensis'' *''Alpinia aquatica'' *''Alpinia arctiflora'' *''Alpinia arfakensis'' *''Alpinia arundelliana'' *''Alpinia assimilis'' *''Alpinia athroantha'' *''Alpinia aurantiaca'' *''Alpinia auriculata'' *''Alpinia bambusifolia'' *''Alpinia beamanii'' *''Alpinia biakensis'' *''Alpinia bicalyculata'' *''Alpinia bifida'' *''Alpinia bilamellata'' *''Alpinia bisculata'' *''Alpinia blepharocalyx'' *''Alpinia blumei'' *''Alpinia boia'' *''Alpinia boninsimensis'' *''Alpinia borneensis'' *''Alpinia borraginoides'' *''Alpinia brachyantha'' *''Alpinia brachypoda'' *''Alpinia bracteata'' *''Alpinia brevilabris'' *''Alpinia brevis'' *''Alpinia brevituba'' *''Alpinia burkillii'' *''Alpinia calcarata'' *''Alpinia calcicola'' *''Alpinia calycodes'' *''Alpinia campanaria'' *''Alpinia cannaefolium'' *''Alpinia capitellata'' *''Alpinia cardamomum-medium'' *''Alpinia carinata'' *''Alpinia carnea'' *''Alpinia carolinensis'' *''Alpinia celebica'' *''Alpinia cernua'' *''Alpinia chaunocolea'' *''Alpinia chinensis'' *''Alpinia chrysorachis'' *''Alpinia coerulea'' *''Alpinia coeruleo-viridis'' *''Alpinia colossea'' *''Alpinia comosa'' *''Alpinia condensata'' *''Alpinia conferta'' *''Alpinia congesta'' *''Alpinia conghuaensis'' *''Alpinia conglomerata'' *''Alpinia copelandii'' *''Alpinia corallina'' *''Alpinia coriacea'' *''Alpinia coriandriodora'' *''Alpinia cornu-cervi'' *''Alpinia cristata'' *''Alpinia crocodocalyx'' *''Alpinia cumingii'' *''Alpinia cylindrocephala'' *''Alpinia dasystachys'' *''Alpinia decurva'' *''Alpinia decurvata'' *''Alpinia dekockii'' *''Alpinia densespictata'' *''Alpinia densibractetata'' *''Alpinia densiflora'' *''Alpinia diffissa'' *''Alpinia divaricata'' *''Alpinia dolichocephala'' *''Alpinia domatifera'' *''Alpinia dyeri'' *''Alpinia edanoi'' *''Alpinia elmeri'' *''Alpinia elwesii'' *''Alpinia engleriana'' *''Alpinia eremochlamys'' *''Alpinia eremochlamys'' *''Alpinia euastra'' *''Alpinia eubractea'' *''Alpinia eustales'' *''Alpinia exostylis'' *''Alpinia flabellata'' *''Alpinia flava'' *''Alpinia flexistamen'' *''Alpinia fluvitialis'' *''Alpinia formosana'' *''Alpinia foxworthyi'' *''Alpinia fraseriana'' *''Alpinia fusiformis'' *''Alpinia gagnepainii'' *''Alpinia gigantea'' *''Alpinia glabra'' *''Alpinia glabrescens'' *''Alpinia glacicaerulea'' *''Alpinia globosa'' *''Alpinia gracilis'' *''Alpinia gracillima'' *''Alpinia graminea'' *''Alpinia grandiceps'' *''Alpinia grandis'' *''Alpinia guinanensis'' *''Alpinia haenkei'' *''Alpinia hagena'' *''Alpinia hainanensis'' *''Alpinia hamiltoniana'' *''Alpinia hansenii'' *''Alpinia havilandii'' *''Alpinia hemsleyanan'' *''Alpinia henryi'' *''Alpinia hibinoi'' *''Alpinia himantoglossa'' *''Alpinia hirsuta'' *''Alpinia hokutensis'' *''Alpinia homeana'' *''Alpinia hookeriana'' *''Alpinia hulstijnii'' *''Alpinia humilis'' *''Alpinia hylandii'' *''Alpinia illustris'' *''Alpinia intermedia'' *''Alpinia involucrata'' *''Alpinia iriomotensis'' *''Alpinia janowskii'' *''Alpinia japonica'' *''Alpinia jianganfeng'' *''Alpinia jingxiensis'' *''Alpinia kainantensis'' *''Alpinia katsumadae'' *''Alpinia kelungensis'' *''Alpinia kermesina'' *''Alpinia kiungensis'' *''Alpinia kiushiana'' *''Alpinia koidzumiana'' *''Alpinia korthalsii'' *''Alpinia koshunensis'' *''Alpinia kumatahe'' *''Alpinia kusshakuensis'' *''Alpinia kwangsiensis'' *''Alpinia laosensis'' *''Alpinia latilabris'' *''Alpinia lauterbachii'' *''Alpinia laxiflora'' *''Alpinia laxisecunda'' *''Alpinia leptostachya'' *''Alpinia ligulata'' *''Alpinia linguiformis'' *''Alpinia longepetiola'' *''Alpinia luteo-carpa'' *''Alpinia maclurei'' *''Alpinia maclurei <br>guangdongensis'' *''Alpinia macrantha'' *''Alpinia macrocarpa'' *''Alpinia macrocephala'' *''Alpinia macroscaphis'' *''Alpinia macrostemon'' *''Alpinia macroura'' *''Alpinia maculata'' *''Alpinia malaccensis'' *''Alpinia malaccensis nobilis'' *''Alpinia manii'' *''Alpinia manostachys'' *''Alpinia martinii'' *''Alpinia maxii'' *''Alpinia mediomaculata'' *''Alpinia menghaiensis'' *''Alpinia mesanthera'' *''Alpinia microlophon'' *''Alpinia missionis'' *''Alpinia modesta'' *''Alpinia mollis'' *''Alpinia mollissima'' *''Alpinia molucana'' *''Alpinia monopleura'' *''Alpinia multispicata'' *''Alpinia murdochii'' *''Alpinia musaefedia'' *''Alpinia myriocratera'' *''Alpinia nanchuanensis'' *''Alpinia napoensis'' *''Alpinia neesana'' *''Alpinia nidus-vespae'' *''Alpinia nieuwenhuizii'' *''Alpinia novae-hiberniae'' *''Alpinia novae-pommeraniae'' *''Alpinia nupiocratera'' *''Alpinia oblongifolia'' *''Alpinia oceanica'' *''Alpinia odontonema'' *''Alpinia oligantha'' *''Alpinia orchioides'' *''Alpinia orthostachys'' *''Alpinia ovata'' *''Alpinia ovoidocarpa'' *''Alpinia oxymitra'' *''Alpinia oxyphylla'' *''Alpinia padacanca'' *''Alpinia pahangensis'' *''Alpinia papuana'' *''Alpinia parviflora'' *''Alpinia pectinata'' *''Alpinia penduliflora'' *''Alpinia penicillata'' *''Alpinia philippinensis'' *''Alpinia phoenicea'' *''Alpinia pininga'' *''Alpinia pinnanensis'' *''Alpinia platychilus'' *''Alpinia plectophylla'' *''Alpinia plumieri'' *''Alpinia polyantha'' *''Alpinia porphyrea'' *''Alpinia porphyrocarpa'' *''Alpinia porrecta'' *''Alpinia pricei'' *''Alpinia psilogyna'' *''Alpinia pterocalyx'' *''Alpinia ptychanthera'' *''Alpinia pulcherrima'' *''Alpinia pumila'' *''Alpinia punicea'' *''Alpinia quadriloba'' *''Alpinia racimigera'' *''Alpinia racemosa'' *''Alpinia rafflesiana'' *''Alpinia rechingeri'' *''Alpinia regia'' *''Alpinia reticosa'' *''Alpinia rheedii'' *''Alpinia rigida'' *''Alpinia rolfei'' *''Alpinia romblonensis'' *''Alpinia romburghiana'' *''Alpinia rosacea'' *''Alpinia roscoeana'' *''Alpinia rosea'' *''Alpinia rosella'' *''Alpinia roxburghii'' *''Alpinia rubella'' *''Alpinia rubra'' *''Alpinia rubricaulis'' *''Alpinia rubromaculata'' *''Alpinia salamonensis'' *''Alpinia samoensis'' *''Alpinia sanderae'' *''lpinia sandsii'' *''Alpinia sasakii'' *''Alpinia satsumensis'' *''Alpinia schultzei'' *''Alpinia schumanniana'' *''Alpinia secunda'' *''Alpinia secundiflora'' *''Alpinia seimundii'' *''Alpinia sericea'' *''Alpinia sericiflora'' *''Alpinia serrulata'' *''Alpinia shimadae'' *''Alpinia siamensis'' *''Alpinia sibuyanensis'' *''Alpinia silvicola'' *''Alpinia simsii'' *''Alpinia singuliflora'' *''Alpinia smithiae'' *''Alpinia spicata'' *''Alpinia squarrosa'' *''Alpinia stachyodes'' *''Alpinia stapfiana'' *''Alpinia stenobracteolata'' *''Alpinia stenostachys'' *''Alpinia strobilacea'' *''Alpinia strobiliformis'' *''Alpinia subfusicarpa'' *''Alpinia submutica'' *''Alpinia subspicata'' *''Alpinia subverticillata'' *''Alpinia suishaensis'' *''Alpinia takaminei'' *''Alpinia tamacuensis'' *''Alpinia tomentosa'' *''Alpinia tonkinensis'' *''Alpinia tonrokuensis'' *''Alpinia trachyascus'' *''Alpinia tricolor'' *''Alpinia tubulata'' *''Alpinia unilateralis'' *''Alpinia uraiensis'' *''Alpinia uviformis'' *''Alpinia valetoniana'' *''Alpinia vanoverberghii'' *''Alpinia velutina'' *''Alpinia versicolor'' *''Alpinia viridiflora'' *''Alpinia vittata'' *''Alpinia vitiensis'' *''Alpinia vulcanica'' *''Alpinia walang'' *''Alpinia warburgii'' *''Alpinia wenzelii'' *''Alpinia werneri'' *''Alpinia womerslyi'' *''Alpinia wrayi'' <gallery> Image:Alpinia zerumbet pods.jpg|Shell Ginger (fruit dehiscing) Image:Starr 020617 0011 alpinia zerumbet.jpg|Shell Ginger (flowers) Image:Alpinia zerumbet habit.jpg|Shell Ginger (''Alpinia zerumbet'') </gallery> == References == * Smith, R.M. (1990) "''Alpinia'' (Zingiberaceae): a proposed new infrageneric classification". ''Edinburgh Journal of Botany'' '''47(1): 37''', fig. 6B. * W. John Kress, Ai-Zhong Liu, Mark Newman and Qing-Jun Li - ''The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers''; American Journal of Botany; 2005; 92:167-178 {{Commons|Alpinia zerumbet}} [[Category:Zingiberaceae]] [[Category:Medicinal plants]] [[de:Alpinia]] [[es:Alpinia]] [[fr:Alpinia]] [[hsb:Alpinija]] [[lt:Alpinija]] [[pt:Alpinia]] [[vi:Chi Riềng]] [[tr:Havlıcan]]