Amapá 229502 225821040 2008-07-15T15:41:23Z Geniac 1839933 /* Education */ {{deletable image-caption}} {{for|the municipality located within this state|Amapá (city)}} {{Infobox Brazilian State |name = State of Amapá |image_flag = Bandeira do Amapá.svg |image_coat = Brasao amapa.jpg |motto = |anthem = |image_map = Brazil State Amapa.svg |capital = [[Macapá]] |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |largest_city = [[Macapá]] |demonym = Amapaense |leader_name1 = Waldez Góis |leader_name2 = Pedro Paulo Dias de Carvalho |area = 142.814,585 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_rank = 18th |population_estimate = 615,715 |population_estimate_rank = 16th |population_estimate_year = 2006 |population_census = 596,169 |population_census_year = 2005 |population_density = 4.3 |population_density_rank = 24th |GDP = R$ 4,367,000,000 |GDP_rank = 26th |GDP_year = 2005 |GDP_per_capita = R$ 7,344 |GDP_per_capita_rank = 15th |HDI = 0.753 |HDI_rank = 12th |HDI_year = 2000 |abbreviation = BR-AP |time_zone = BRT |utc_offset = -3 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 }} '''Amapá''' ({{pronounced|amaˈpa}}<ref>In [[Brazilian Portuguese]]. The [[European Portuguese]] pronunciation is {{IPA|[ɐmɐˈpa]}}.</ref>) is one of the [[States of Brazil|states]] of [[Brazil]], located in the extreme north, bordering [[French Guiana]] and [[Suriname]] to the north. To the east is the [[Atlantic Ocean]], and to the south and west is the Brazilian state of [[Pará]]. Perhaps one of the main features of the State is the River Oiapoque, as it was once considered the northernmost point of Brazil. The river's estuary is at the extreme north of the Brazilian coast and it is often used to describe the remote points of [[Brazil]]. The dominate landscape of the region - 90 percent of the total area - is the huge [[Amazon Rainforest]]. Unexplored forests dominate 70 percent of its territory. Another attraction is the Equator, which divides not only the state but also the [[North|Northern]] and [[South|Southern]] hemispheres. The only method by which to reach [[Macapá]] is through [[boat]] or [[airplane]]. ==History== As the "[[Capitania]]" of Costa do Cabo Norte, the region was invaded by the [[England|English]] and [[Netherlands|Dutch]], who were repelled by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]]. The [[Treaty of Utrecht]], in 1713 established the boundaries between Brazil and [[French Guiana]], but these were not respected by the French. In the 18th century, [[France]] retook control of the area. This dispute would continue until 1900. With the discovery of [[gold]] and the increasing value of [[rubber]] on the international market during the 19th century contributing to increases in population in Amapá, the territorial dispute with France was brought to a head; finally on December 1st, 1900, the Arbitration Commission of Geneva ceded possession of the territory to Brazil, which incorporated it into the state of [[Pará]] with the joint name of Araguari (named for the [[Araguari river|river of the same name]]). It became the federal [[Territory (country subdivision)|territory]] of Amapá in 1943. The discovery of rich [[manganese]] deposits in [[Serra do Navio]] in 1945 revolutionized the local economy, but Amapá did not achieve statehood until October 5th, [[1988]] with the promulgation of the new Brazilian Constitution. ==Geography== [[Image:Amazon Rainforest-bird site.jpg|thumb|right|[[Amazon Rainforest]].]] The State of Amapá has also the lowest deforestation rate of its original vegetation: only 2%. Most of its territory is occupied by forests, with the remaining area corresponding to savannah and plain areas. At the seaside, almost intact beaches get mixed with swamps, composing the largest Brazilian representation of this biome, where this mix of salt and fresh water is perfect for the reproduction of the food chain for several animal species. ===Climate=== An [[equatorial climate]] is a type of [[tropical climate]] in which there is no [[dry season]] – all months have mean [[precipitation]] values of at least 60[[millimetres|mm]]. It is usually found at [[latitude]]s within five degrees of the [[equator]] – which are dominated by the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]]. The equatorial climate is denoted ''Af'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]. [[Tropical rainforest]] is the natural vegetation in equatorial regions. ===Vegetation=== The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining [[rainforest]]s and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of [[tropical rainforest]] in the [[world]]. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich [[biome]], and tropical forests in the [[Americas]] are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in [[Africa]] and [[Asia]].<ref name ="Turner 2001">Turner, I.M. 2001. ''The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest''. [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-80183-4</ref> As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled [[biodiversity]]. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.<ref>[http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildplaces/amazon/index.cfm Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Plants, Amazon River Animals]</ref> ==Demographics== According to the [[IBGE]] of [[2007]], there were 619,000 people residing in the state with a population density of 4.3/km². [[Urbanization]]: 93.7% ([[2006]]); [[Population growth]]: 5.7% ([[1991]]-[[2000]]); [[House]]s: 144,000 ([[2006]]).<ref>Source: PNAD.</ref> The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 429,000 [[Pardo|Brown]] (mixed) people (69.4%), 148,000 [[White Brazilian|White]] people (24.0%), 40,000 [[Afro-Brazilian|Black]] people (6.5%), 6,000 [[Asian Brazilian|Asian]] or [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]] people (0.1%).<ref>{{cite book|url=ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Indicadores_Sociais/Sintese_de_Indicadores_Sociais_2007/Tabelas|title=Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2007|publisher=[[IBGE]]|location=Amapá, Brazil|format=PDF|isbn=85-240-3919-1|accessdate=2007-07-18|year=2007|language=Portuguese}}</ref> ==Economy== The [[service sector]] is the largest component of [[GDP]] at 87.6%, followed by the [[industrial sector]] at 7.8%. [[Agriculture]] represents 4.6% of [[GDP]] ([[2004]]). Amapá exports: [[wood]] 75.5%, [[ore]]s 18.7%, [[heart of palm]] 5.5% ([[2002]]). Share of the Brazilian economy: 0.2% ([[2005]]). ==Education== [[Image:Federal University of Amapá.jpg|thumb|right|Universidade Federal do Amapá. {{deletable image-caption}}]] [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are part of the official [[high school]] curriculum. ===Educational institutions=== * Universidade Federal do Amapá (Unifap) (Federal University of Amapá); * Centro de Ensino Superior do Amapá (Ceap); * Instituto de Ensino Superior do Amapá (Iesap); * Instituto Macapaense de Ensino Superior (Immes); * and many others. == Infrastructure == ===International Airport=== The state of Amapá will soon gain a new airport. [[Infraero]] will start work on the new '''Macapá International Airport''', which will have 17 thousand square meters of space to serve 700 thousand passengers a year. The current airport, with an area of 2.9 thousand square meters, operates annually with 324 thousand [[passenger]]s. The work, scheduled for conclusion in 30 months, will enlarge the parking lot to 258 spots against the current 80 and expand the total area from 2.4 thousand to 11 thousand square meters. The apron area will be increased from its current 21 thousand to 30 thousand square meters, with capacity for four large [[airplane]]s and 30 small aircraft. ==Flag== The flag was adopted by decree No. 008 of [[April 23]], [[1984]]. The blue color on the top symbolizes the sky over Amapá and justice, the green in the middle the native rainforest, and the yellow on the bottom the Union and its natural resources. The black in the small strips stands for the deceased who worked for the state, and the white for the will of the state to live in peace and stability. The symbol at the left symbolizes the Fortress of São José, out of which the state capital grew. Before 1984 the state had a red-white-red flag very similar to the flag of [[Peru]]. </td></tr></table> ==References== {{Reflist}} == See also == {{sisterlinks|Amapá}} *{{en icon}} [[Brazil]] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.amapa.gov.br Official Website] *{{en icon}} [http://www.braziltour.com/site/gb/home/index.php Brazilian Tourism Portal] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.professores.uff.br/hjbortol/arquivo/2006.1/applets/amapa_en.html Amapa's location on a 3D globe (Java)] *{{en icon}} [[Calçoene]] - Amapá town, site of pre-colonial observatory {{Brazil topics}} {{Demographics of Brazil}} {{States_of_Brazil}} [[Category:States of Brazil]] [[ar:أمابا]] [[ast:Amapá]] [[bg:Амапа]] [[bpy:আমাপা]] [[br:Amapá]] [[ca:Estat d'Amapá]] [[de:Amapá]] [[eo:Amapao]] [[es:Amapá]] [[et:Amapá osariik]] [[eu:Amapa]] [[fi:Amapá]] [[fr:Amapá]] [[ga:Amapá]] [[gl:Amapá]] [[he:אמאפה]] [[id:Amapá]] [[io:Amapá]] [[it:Amapá]] [[ja:アマパー州]] [[ka:ამაპა]] [[ko:아마파 주]] [[kw:Amapá]] [[la:Amapa]] [[lv:Amapa]] [[nl:Amapá (staat)]] [[nn:Amapá]] [[no:Amapá]] [[oc:Amapá]] [[pl:Amapá]] [[pms:Amapá]] [[pt:Amapá]] [[ro:Amapá]] [[ru:Амапа]] [[sh:Amapá]] [[simple:Amapá]] [[sr:Амапа]] [[sv:Amapá]] [[tg:Амапа]] [[uk:Амапа]] [[vi:Amapá]] [[vo:Amapá]] [[zh:阿马帕]]