American Redstart
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{{Taxobox
| name = American Redstart
| status = LC
| image = Setophaga ruticilla.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Parulidae]]
| genus = '''''Setophaga'''''
| genus_authority = [[William Swainson|Swainson]], 1827
| species = '''''S. ruticilla'''''
| binomial = ''Setophaga ruticilla''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
}}
The ''' American Redstart''', ''Setophaga ruticilla'', is a [[New World warbler]]. They breed in [[North America]], across southern [[Canada]] and the eastern [[USA]].
These birds are [[bird migration|migratory]], wintering in [[Central America]], the [[West Indies]], and northern [[South America]]. They are very rare vagrants to western [[Europe]].
This species is unrelated to the Old World [[redstart]]s. This species derives its name from the male's red tail, ''start'' being an old word for tail.
[[Image:AmericanRedstart17.jpg|thumbnail|left|Male American Redstart]]
The American Redstart is 12 cm long and weighs 8.5 g. The breeding males are unmistakable, jet black above apart from large orange-red patches on their wings and tails. Their breast sides are also orange, with the rest of their underparts colored white.
In their other plumages, American Redstarts display green in their upperparts, along with black central tails and grey heads. The orange patches of the breeding males are replaced by yellow in the plumages of the females and young birds.
The breeding habitats of these birds are open woodlands or scrub. These habitats are often located near water. These birds nest in a low are of a bush, laying 2-5 eggs in a neat cup-shaped nest.
These birds feed on [[insect]]s which are usually caught by flycatching. American Redstarts also have been known to catch their insect prey by gleaning it from leaves. This is a very active species. The tail is often held partly fanned out.
Their songs is a series of musical ''see'' notes. Their call is a soft ''chip''.
{{listen|filename=Setophaga-ruticilla-001.ogg|title=American Redstart|description=}}
==References==<!-- WilsonBull18:47 (compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf) -->
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=53670|title=Setophaga ruticilla|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
* Curson, Quinn and Beadle,''New World Warblers'' ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
* Stiles and Skutch, ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica’’ ISBN 0-8014-9600-4
==External links==
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/American_Redstart.html American Redstart Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6870id.html American Redstart - ''Setophaga ruticilla''] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/american_redstart_info.htm American Redstart Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding
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==Further reading==
===Book===
* Sherry, T. W., and R. T. Holmes. 1997. ''American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 277 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.
===Thesis===
* Barrow WC, Jr. Ph.D. (1990). ''Ecology of small insectivorous birds in a bottomland hardwood forest''. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, United States -- Louisiana.
* Bennett SE. Ph.D. (1979). ''INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AND THE NICHE OF THE AMERICAN REDSTART (SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA) IN WINTERING AND BREEDING COMMUNITIES''. Dartmouth College, United States -- New Hampshire.
* Britt WGJ. M.S. (1977). ''VEGETATIVE HABITAT AND TERRITORY SIZE OF THE AMERICAN REDSTART (SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA) IN EASTERN TEXAS''. Stephen F. Austin State University, United States -- Texas.
* Chmielewski A. M.S. (1992). ''The effects of right-of-way construction through forest interior habitat on bird and small mammal populations and rates of nest predation''. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, United States -- New York.
* Cimprich DA. Ph.D. (2000). ''Predation risk and the predator avoidance behavior of migrant birds during stopover''. The University of Southern Mississippi, United States -- Mississippi.
* Commisso FW. Ph.D. (1981). ''PARULID HINDLIMB MYOLOGY AND NICHE UTILIZATION''. Fordham University, United States -- New York.
* Couroux C. M.Sc. (1997). ''Neighbor-stranger discrimination and individual recognition by voice in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)''. McGill University (Canada), Canada.
* Date EM. Ph.D. (1988). ''The influence of environmental acoustics on the structure of song in American redstars, Setophaga ruticilla''. McGill University (Canada), Canada.
* Date EM. Ph.D. (1988). ''The influences of environmental acoustics on the structure of song in American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla)''. McGill University (Canada), Canada.
* Ficken MS. Ph.D. (1960). ''BEHAVIOR OF THE AMERICAN REDSTART, SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (LINNAEUS)''. Cornell University, United States -- New York.
* Hamady MA. Ph.D. (2000). ''An ecosystem approach to assessing the effects of forest heterogeneity and disturbance on birds of the northern hardwood forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula''. Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan.
* Hanaburgh C. Ph.D. (2001). ''Modeling the effects of management approaches on forest and wildlife resources in northern hardwood forests''. Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan.
* Hunt PD. Ph.D. (1995). ''Habitat selection in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla): The importance of early successional habitat and the role of landscape change in population declines''. Dartmouth College, United States -- New Hampshire.
* Johnson MD. Ph.D. (1999). ''Habitat relationships of migratory birds wintering in Jamaica, West Indies''. Tulane University, United States -- Louisiana.
* Kappes PJ. M.Sc. (2004). ''The influence of different pigment-based ornamental plumage on pairing and reproductive success of male American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla)''. York University (Canada), Canada.
* Knutson MG. Ph.D. (1995). ''Birds of large floodplain forests: Local and regional habitat associations on the Upper Mississippi River''. Iowa State University, United States -- Iowa.
* Lefebvre G. Ph.D. (1993). ''Dynamique temporelle et spatiale de l'avifaune migratrice et residante des mangroves cotieres du Venezuela''. Universite de Montreal (Canada), Canada.
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* Perreault S. M.Sc. (1995). ''Reproductive tactics in the American redstart''. McGill University (Canada), Canada.
* Roloff GJ. Ph.D. (1994). ''Using an ecological classification system and wildlife habitat models in forest planning''. Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan.
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* Smith RJ. Ph.D. (2003). ''Resources and arrival of landbird migrants at northerly breeding grounds: Linking en route with breeding season events''. The University of Southern Mississippi, United States -- Mississippi.
* Tate DP. M.Sc. (1998). ''Occurrence patterns of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) and rates of brood parasitism in island vs. mainland habitats''. University of Guelph (Canada), Canada.
* Tewksbury JJ. Ph.D. (2000). ''Breeding biology of birds in a Western riparian forest: From demography to behavior''. University of Montana, United States -- Montana.
* Wallace GE. Ph.D. (1998). ''Demography of Cuban bird communities in the nonbreeding season: Effects of forest type, resources, and hurricane''. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States -- Missouri.
* Welsh CJE. Ph.D. (1992). ''Bird species diversity and composition in managed and unmanaged tracts of northern hardwoods in New Hampshire''. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States -- Massachusetts.
* Whelan CJ. Ph.D. (1987). ''Effects of foliage structure on the foraging behavior of insectivorous forest birds''. Dartmouth College, United States -- New Hampshire.
* Woodrey MS. Ph.D. (1995). ''Stopover behavior and age-specific ecology of neotropical passerine migrant landbirds during autumn along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico''. The University of Southern Mississippi, United States -- Mississippi.
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[[Category:Parulidae]]
[[Category:Genera of birds]]
[[Category:Birds of Puerto Rico]]
[[Category:Birds of North America]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico]]
[[Category:Birds of the Caribbean]]
[[Category:Birds of the Guianas]]
[[Category:Birds of Chile]]
[[Category:Birds of Colombia]]
[[Category:Birds of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Birds of Peru]]
[[Category:Birds of Venezuela]]
[[bs:Američka crvenrepka]]
[[de:Schnäpperwaldsänger]]
[[fr:Paruline flamboyante]]