Anaerobic exercise 892484 221893731 2008-06-26T15:47:52Z BOTarate 5870361 robot Modifying: [[he:פעילות אנאירובית]] {{Refimprove|date=January 2008}} [[Image:Exercise zones.png|thumb|300px|Fox and Haskell formula]] '''Anaerobic exercise''' is exercise intense enough to trigger [[Lactic acid fermentation|anaerobic metabolism]]. It is used by athletes in non-endurance sports to build power and by body builders to build muscle mass. Muscles trained under anaerobic conditions develop differently, leading to greater performance in short duration, high intensity activities, which last up to about 2 minutes.<ref name="ASMI anaerobic">[http://www.asmi.org/sportsmed/Performance/anaerobic.html Anaerobic training<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Aerobic exercise]], on the other hand, includes lower intensity activities performed for longer periods of time. Such activities like [[walking]], [[running]], [[swimming]], and [[cycling]] require a great deal of oxygen to generate the energy needed for prolonged exercise to keep you at a certain energy level. There are two types of anaerobic energy systems, the ATP-CP energy system, which uses [[creatine phosphate]] as the main energy source, and the lactic acid (or anaerobic glycolysis) system that uses glucose (or glycogen) in the absence of oxygen. Events or activity that last up to about thirty seconds rely primarily on the former, phosphagen, system. Beyond this time [[aerobic]] and anaerobic [[glycolysis]] begin to predominate. Anaerobic glycolysis uses glucose inefficiently, and produces by-products such as lactic acid that are thought to be detrimental to muscle function; this limits activity based predominantly on anaerobic glycolysis to about 2 minutes. The effectiveness of anaerobic activity can be improved through training.<ref name="McMahon">{{cite book | last = McMahon | first = Thomas A | title = Muscles, Reflexes, and Locomotion | publisher = Princeton University Press | date = 1984 | pages = 37-51 | isbn = 0-691-02376-X}}</ref> <ref name="ASMI anaerobic"/> ==Lactate threshold (LIP or Lactate Inflection Point)== The '''lactate threshold''' ('''LT''') is the [[exercise]] intensity at which [[lactic acid]] starts to accumulate in the [[blood]] stream. This happens when it is produced faster than it can be removed ([[metabolism|metabolized]]). This point is sometimes referred to as the '''anaerobic threshold''' ('''AT'''), or the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). When exercising below the LT intensity any lactate produced by the [[muscle]]s is removed by the body without it building up. The lactate threshold is a useful measure for deciding exercise intensity for training and racing in endurance sports (e.g. distance running, cycling, rowing, swimming, motocross and cross country skiing), and can be increased greatly with training. [[Fartlek]] (speed-play) training and interval training take advantage of the body being able to temporarily exceed the lactate threshold, and then recover (reduce blood-lactate) while operating at below the threshold, but still doing physical activity. Fartlek and interval training are similar, the main difference being the relative intensities of the exercise, best illustrated in a real-world example: Fartlek training would involve constantly running, for a period time running just above the lactate threshold, and then running at just below it, while interval training would be running quite high above the threshold, but then slowing to a walk or slow jog during the rest periods. Interval training can take the form of many different types of exercise and should closely replicate the movements found in the sport.(3) Fartlek would be used by people who are constantly moving, with occasional bouts of speed, such as soccer players, while interval training is more suited to sprinters, who exert maximum effort and then can stop exerting completely. With both styles of training, one can exert more effort before fatiguing and burn more calories than exercising at a constant pace (continuous training), but will emphasize training the anaerobic system rather than the aerobic system. Long duration training below the lactate threshold is recommended to primarily work the aerobic system. Accurately measuring the lactate threshold involves taking blood samples (normally a pinprick to the finger, earlobe or thumb) during a ramp test where the exercise intensity is progressively increased. Measuring the threshold can also be performed non-invasively using gas-exchange ([[Respiratory quotient]]) methods, which requires a metabolic cart to measure air inspired and expired. Although the lactate threshold is defined as the point when lactic acid starts to accumulate, some testers approximate this by using the point at which lactate reaches a [[concentration]] of 4 [[Concentration#Molarity|mM]] (at rest it is around 1 mM) . ==Weights and reps== When anaerobic exercise occurs in the context of [[physical training]], the terms ''weight'' and ''reps'' are generally used to refer respectively to the amount of [[weight]] moved (either pushed or pulled), and the number of times the action of moving it is repeated within a short period, between breaks. ==References== <references/> [http://www.excelsiorgroup.co.uk/training.shtml Anaerobic Interval Training] ==See also== * [[Aerobic exercise]] [[Category:Exercise physiology]] [[es:Ejercicio anaeróbico]] [[it:Esercizio anaerobico]] [[he:פעילות אנאירובית]]