Anatoly Chubais 617524 224305500 2008-07-08T07:11:07Z Tsarist 2792708 '''Anatoly Borisovich Chubais''' ({{lang-ru|Анато́лий Бори́сович Чуба́йс}}) (born [[June 16]], [[1955]], [[Borisov]], [[Belorussian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]) is a Russian politician and business manager who was responsible for [[Russian privatization|privatization in Russia]] as an influential member of [[Boris Yeltsin]]'s administration <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4357755.stm Profile: Anatoly Chubais], by [[BBC News]] </ref>. Currently he is the head of the state owned electrical power monopoly [[Unified Energy System]]. The 2004 survey by [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] and Financial Times named him the world's 54th most respected business leader<ref>[http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=12073 Chubais, Kukes Are Respected] ''The Saint Petersburg Times'' [[January 23]] [[2004]]</ref>. Survived an assassination attempt in 2005. == Early life == Chubais was born on [[June 16]], [[1955]] in the town of [[Barysaŭ|Borisov]], [[Belarus]], then part of the [[Soviet Union]]. His father Boris Matveyevich Chubais, a retired [[colonel]], veteran of the [[World War II]] worked as a lecturer of [[Philosophy]] and [[Scientific Communism]]. His mother, Raisa Efimovna Sagal, was a university-educated economist but never had a job as she mostly lived on the military bases of the husband<ref name=Lenta>[http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14160313/full.htm Чубайс, Анатолий] Collection of materials at [[Lenta.ru]] {{ru icon}} </ref>. Anatoly Chubais has an older brother [[Igor Chubais]] (born 1947), who is also an economist<ref name=Lenta/>. In 1977, Chubais graduated from the [[Leningrad Economic Engineering Institute]] and joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. He continued to work at Leningrad Economic Engineering Institute. In 1982 he became an [[Associate Professor]] (доцент) there. In 1983 he got his [[Kandidat]] (Ph.D.) degree in economics for the dissertation "Исследование и разработка методов планирования совершенствования управления в отраслевых научно-технических организациях" (Research and development of methods for planing improvement of management in the industrial research and development organizations)<ref name=Lenta/>. ==Dissident economist== In the 1980ies Chubais became a leader of an informal democracy-oriented circle of economists. In 1982 Cubais together with economists [[Yury Yarmagayev]] and [[Grigory Glazkov]] published an article "Вопросы расширения хозяйственной самостоятельности предприятий в условиях научно-технического прогресса" (Questions of extending of business autonomy of enterprises in the conditions of the progress in science and technology) there they argued that no amount of planing work can predict the paying demand. In 1982 Chubais became acquainted with future [[Prime Minister of Russia]] [[Yegor Gaidar]] who was invited to Chubais [[seminar]]s<ref name=Lenta/>. In 1987 Chubais became the organizer of [[Saint Peterburg|Leningrad]] club [[Perestroyka (club)|Petestroyka]] with the goal to promote the democratic ideas among [[intelligentsia]]. Among the people involved was the founder of [[Moscow]] "Perestroyka" and "Perestroyka-88" clubs, Igor Chubais (Anatoly's brother), future Russian Deputy Prime Minister [[Alexei Kudrin]], future Chubais associates [[Pyotr Mostovoy]], [[Alexander Kazakov]], furute President of ''Saint Petersburg'' bank [[Vladimir Kogan]], future minister [[Ilya Yuzhanov]], and future assasinated Deputy Governor of Saint Petersburg [[Mikhail Manevich]]<ref name=Lenta/>. For financing their seminars dissident economists organized a [[tulip]] farm. In four day before the [[International Women's Day]] (March 8) they manage to get income equivalent to the price of several [[Lada]] cars. The tulip money were used to finance the elections of [[Anatoly Sobchak]], [[Yury Boldyrev]] and many other democratic candidates. As a result 2/3 of the deputies winning the partially free [[1990]] elections to [[Leningrad]] [[Soviet]] were from the opposition. Chubais himself later stated that he personally did not participated with growing nor selling of the flowers<ref name=Lenta/>. In the end of 1980 a radical economist [[Vitaly Nayshul]] (Виталий Найшуль) proposed to use [[Voucher privatization]] for the transformation to [[market economy]] in Soviet Union. The scheme was strongly criticized by Chubais as inevitably producing gross unfairness and social tensions. Ironically, Chubais later became the leader of implementation of such a scheme<ref name=Lenta/>. ==Privatization Chief== In 1990, after Anatoly Sobchak being elected as the Chairman of Leningrad Soviet, Chubais became his deputy. He was trying to implement Sobchak's idea of creating a [[Free Economic Zone]] in Leningrad. In 1991 Chubais refused to accept the position of the Chairman of Leningrad [[Ispolkom]] and became an advisor to [[Anatoly Sobchak]]'s Mayoral Administration in [[St Petersburg]]. Simultaneously he worked as the president of newly created ''[[Wassily Leontief]] Center'' for research in economics. In November 1991 Chubais became a minister in the [[Yeltsin Cabinet]] handling the portfolio of the Chief of [[Rosimushchestvo]] (Committee on the State Properties) that had the task of the [[Privatization in Russia]]<ref name=Lenta/>. Chubais originally advocated quick privatization for money, similar to the model used for [[Privatization in Hungary]] but that model was unacceptable for the [[Congress of Soviets of RSFSR]]. Eventually a compromise form of a [[voucher privatization]] similar to [[Economy_of_Czech_Republic#1990-1995|used in Czech Republic]] was proposed and adopted on [[11 June]] [[1991]] by the [[Supreme Soviet]]. The program was started by the decree of President [[Boris Yeltsin]] on [[19 August]] [[1991]]<ref name=Lenta/> == Personal life == Chubais is married to Maria, his second wife. She is also an economist. His wife's sister is [[Yulia Vishnevskaya]], the wife of [[Vladislav Surkov]]. Chubais has two children from his first marriage, a son and a daughter. In [[July 15]][[1996]], – [[March 7]][[1997]] Chubais was the Chief of the [[Russian presidential administration]]. It is during his term that this office became very influential. == Involvement in political parties == Most recently, Chubais served as one of the co-leaders of the [[Union of Right Forces]], which controlled 29 seats in the Russian Parliament from 1999 until 2003. On [[January 24]], [[2003]] he resigned as co-chairman of the [[Union of Right Forces]] party. In the late 1990s, he also won a seat in the Russian Parliament as a candidate of the [[Russia's Choice]] party. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_anatoliichubais.html Commanding Heights : Anatoly Chubais] on [[PBS]] *[http://www.russiaprofile.org/page.php?pageid=CDI+Russia+Profile+List&articleid=2666 Father to the Oligarchs] by Arkady Ostrovsky, [[Financial Times]], November 13, 2004 * [http://www.rusnet.nl/encyclo/c/chubais.shtml Rusnet Encyclopedia] * [http://www.russiaprofile.org/resources/whoiswho/alphabet/c/chubais.wbp Russia Profile Who's Who] * [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985659-1,00.html Russia's Regent] by Paul Quinn-Judge, [[Time (magazine)|Time]], [[December 9]][[1996]]. {{start box}} {{succession box | before = [[Mikhail Maley]]| after=[[Vladimir Polevanov]]|title = Head of the [[Rosimushchestvo|Russian State Property Committee]]| years =[[November 10]][[1991]], – [[November 5]][[1994]]}} {{succession box | before = [[Nikolay Yegorov]]| after=[[Valentin Yumashev]]|title = Chief of the [[Russian presidential administration]]| years =[[July 15]][[1996]], – [[March 7]][[1997]]}} {{end box}} <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chubais, Anatoly}} [[Category:1955 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Russian politicians]] [[Category:Belarusian Jews]] [[de:Anatoli Borissowitsch Tschubais]] [[et:Anatoli Tšubais]] [[es:Anatoli Chubáis]] [[fr:Anatoli Tchoubaïs]] [[nl:Anatoli Tsjoebajs]] [[ja:アナトリー・チュバイス]] [[no:Anatolij Tsjubajs]] [[pl:Anatolij Czubajs]] [[ru:Чубайс, Анатолий Борисович]] [[fi:Anatoli Tšubais]] [[sv:Anatolij Tjubajs]] [[uk:Чубайс Анатолій Борисович]]