Andijan 550980 220158138 2008-06-18T15:27:58Z 125.20.65.74 {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = {{PAGENAME}} |native_name = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Uzbekistan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Uzbekistan |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Uzbekistan|Province]] |subdivision_name =‎ [[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|25px]] [[Uzbekistan]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Andijan Province]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of=1999 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 323,900 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=40|latm=47|lats=|latNS=N |longd=72|longm=20|longs=|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Andijan''' (''Andijon'' in Uzbek; also Andizhan, Andizan, Андижан) is the fourth-largest city in [[Uzbekistan]], and the capital of the [[Andijan Province]]. It is located in the east of the country, at {{coor dm|40|47|N|72|20|E|region:UZ_type:city(350,000)}}, in the [[Fergana Valley]], near the border with [[Kyrgyzstan]] on the [[Andijan-Say River]]. It has a population of 323,900 ([[1999]] census estimate). ==History== Andijan was an important stop on the [[Silk Road]], lying roughly mid-way between [[Kashgar]] and [[Khujand|Khodjend]]. Destroyed by [[Genghis Khan]], it was rebuilt by his grandson [[Kaidu|Kaidu Khan]] in the late 13th century, and became the capital of [[Fergana Valley|Ferghana]] for the next three centuries. It is best known as the birthplace of Zahiruddin [[Babur]], the founder of the [[Mughal Dynasty]] in [[South Asia]], in [[1483]]. He was fond of the place, and wrote in his memoirs that {{cquote|Game and Sporting birds are plentiful in Andizhan. The Pheasants get extremely fat, and it is said that not even four people can finish eating a stew made from just one. The people are Turks. Among the city folk and merchants, there is no one who does not know Turki language. The people's pronunciation is like the literary language since the works of Mir [[Ali-Sher Nawa'i]], although he was raised in [[Herat]], are in this language. Among the people there is much beauty. [[Khwaja Yusuf]], who is famous for music, was from Andizhan. The air is unwholesome, and in the autumn the inflammation of the eyes, called ''aqrab'' by physicians, is rampant.<ref>''The Babur-nama'' Ed. & Trans. Wheeler M. sorry i m testin something y suppressed.<ref> Beatrice Forbes Manz “Central Asian Uprisings in the Nineteenth Century: Ferghana under the Russians” ''[[Russian Review]]'' Vol.46 (1987) pp267-281 </ref> In [[1902]] most of Andijan was levelled by a severe earthquake, and consequently there are few buildings of historical interest left. == Andijan during and after Soviet rule == During the [[Soviet Union]], Andijan was separated from its historical [[hinterland]] when the present borders were created, dividing [[Ferghana Valley]] between three separate Soviet republics. Andijan itself became part of the [[Uzbek SSR]]. The borders did not make a great deal of difference during the Soviet period, as the entire region was developed to grow cash crops such as cotton and silk. In the 1990s, though, the Andijan and the surrounding region became much more unstable. Poverty and an upsurge in [[Islamic fundamentalism]] produced tensions in the region which resulted in riots in Andijan in April 1990 in which the homes of [[Jewish people|Jews]] and [[Armenians]] were attacked. The town, and the region as a whole, suffered a severe economic decline following the [[fall of the Soviet Union]] in 1991. Repeated border closures badly damaged the local economy, worsening the already widespread poverty of Andijan's inhabitants. [[Islamic fundamentalists]] established a presence in the city. In May 2003, a local man named Azizbek Karimov was arrested and accused of carrying out terrorist bombings on behalf of the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]]. He was convicted and executed in April 2004. ===May 2005 unrest in Uzbekistan=== {{main|Andijan massacre}} ==Economy== Andijan is an industrial center in an irrigated area that produces fruits, [[cotton]], Uzbek Ikat and [[silk]]. ==Notes== <references/> [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Uzbekistan]] [[Category:Cities in Central Asia]] [[Category:Cities in Asia]] [[Category:Cities along the Silk Road]] <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> [[da:Andisjan]] [[de:Andijon]] [[et:Andijon]] [[es:Andiján]] [[fa:اندیجان]] [[fr:Andijan]] [[gl:Andizhan - Andijon]] [[ko:안디잔]] [[id:Andijan]] [[it:Andijan (città)]] [[he:אנדיז'ן]] [[nl:Andizan (stad)]] [[ja:アンディジャン]] [[no:Andijon]] [[uz:Andijon]] [[pl:Andiżan]] [[pt:Andijon]] [[ru:Андижан]] [[fi:Andižan]] [[sv:Andizjan]] [[tg:Андиҷон]] [[tr:Andican]] [[uk:Андижан]] [[zh:安集延]]