Andros
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2008-07-04T15:39:24Z
El Greco
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[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 223518517 by [[Special:Contributions/150.140.148.174|150.140.148.174]] ([[User talk:150.140.148.174|talk]]) who?
{{for|other meanings|Andros (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Greek Isles
|name = Andros
|native_name = Άνδρος
|skyline = Andros Beach.jpg
|sky_caption = Vitali beach
|map = GR_Andros.PNG
|coordinates = {{coord|37|50|N|24|56|E}}
|chain = Cyclades
|isles =
|area = 380.041
|highest_mount = Mt. Kouvara
|elevation = 995
|periph = [[South Aegean]]
|prefect = [[Cyclades]]
|capital = [[Andros (town)]]
|population = 10009
|pop_as_of = 2001
|postal = 845 00
|telephone = 22820
|license = EM
|website = [http://www.androsweb.gr www.androsweb.gr]
}}
'''Andros''', or '''Andro''' ({{lang-el|Άνδρος}}), an [[island]] of the [[Greece|Greek]] [[archipelago]], the most northerly of the [[Cyclades]], approximately 10 km (6 miles) south east of [[Euboea]], and about {{convert|3|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Tinos]]. It is nearly {{convert|40|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long, and its greatest breadth is {{convert|16|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. Its surface is for the most part [[mountain]]ous, with many fruitful and well-watered [[valley]]s. Andros, the capital, on the east coast, contained about 2000 inhabitants in 1900. The island had about 18,000 inhabitants in (1900). The 1991 census read 8,781. According to the latest Greek census of 2001, the town of Andros still contained 1,508 inhabitants, and the island's total was 10,009. The island is comprised of the municipalities of [[Andros (town)|Andros]] (pop. 4,107), [[Korthio]] (pop. 2,547), and [[Ydrousa]] (pop. 3,355). Their combined land area is 380.041 km². The largest towns are Ándros, Gávrio, Bátsi, and Órmos Korthíou.
==History==
The island in ancient times contained an [[Ionia]]n population. Though originally dependent on [[Eretria]], by the [[7th century BC]] it had become sufficiently prosperous to send out several colonies, to [[Chalcidice]] ([[Acanthus (Greece)|Acanthus]], [[Stageira]], [[Argilus]], [[Sane]]). The ruins of [[Paleopolis, Andros|Palaeopolis]], the ancient capital, are on the west coast; the town possessed a famous temple, dedicated to [[Dionysus]].In [[480 BC]] it supplied ships to [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] and was subsequently harried by the Greek fleet. Though enrolled in the [[Delian League]] it remained disaffected towards [[Athens]], and in [[447 BC|477]] had to be coerced by the establishment of a [[cleruchy]] on the island; nevertheless, in [[411 BC|411]] Andros proclaimed its freedom, and in [[408 BC|408]] withstood an Athenian attack. As a member of the second Delian League it was again controlled by a garrison and an [[archon]]. In the [[Hellenistic]] period Andros was contended for as a frontier-post by the two naval powers of the [[Aegean Sea]], [[Macedon]] and [[Ptolemaic Egypt]]. In [[333 BC|333]] it received a Macedonian garrison from [[Antipater]]; in [[308 BC|308]] it was freed by [[Ptolemy I of Egypt]]. In the [[Chremonidean War]] ([[266 BC|266]]-[[263 BC|263]]) it passed again to Macedon after a [[Battle of Andros|battle]] fought off its shores. In [[200 BC|200]] it was captured by a combined [[Roman Republic|Roman]], [[Pergamum|Pergamene]] and [[Rhodes|Rhodian]] fleet, and remained a possession of [[Pergamum]] until the dissolution of that kingdom in [[133 BC]]. Before falling under [[Turkey|Turkish]] rule, Andros was from A.D. 1207 till 1566 governed by the families [[Zeno]] and [[Sommariva]] under [[Venice|Venetian]] protection. After a few centuries, Cyclades joined the rest of [[Greece]] in 1821.
On [[May 10]] [[1821]], [[Theophilos Kairis]], one of the leading intellectuals of the Greek Revolution, declared the War of Independence by raising the Greek flag at the picturesque cliffside church of St George: at this time, a famous heartfelt speech, or "rhetoras", inspired shipowners and merchants to contribute funds to build a Greek Navy to combat the Ottomans.
==Andros City==
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Andros_town.jpg|thumb|left|Andros town (Chora)]] -->
Andros (Chora or Hora, pop. 1,508), the capital of the island, is on a headland between two beaches. It has a mix of post-World War I neoclassical mansions with vernacular [[Cycladic]] houses. The town squares are paved with marble. At the end of the headland are two islands, the first linked to the mainland by a brick bridge a ruined Venetian castle and the second a lighthouse. There are four museums: the extensive Archaeological Museum, Museum of Modern Art, a Nautical Museum and a Folklore Museum. The island is famous for its Sariza spring at Apoikia where the water comes out of a lionhead.
The north of Andros has a small [[Arvanite]] community, and an [[Arbëresh]] village in Sicily called [[Piana degli Albanesi]] is named 'Hora' in [[Arbëresh language|Arbëresh]], possibly after the capital of Andros, also called Hora (Χώρα).
Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, built into a steep hillside, and its harbor's breakwater can still be seen underwater.
==Municipalities==
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Municipality !! YPES code !! Seat !! Postal code !! Area code ((0)30-)
|-
| [[Andros, Greece|Ándros]] || - || Ándros || 845 00 || 22820-2
|-
| [[Ydrousa]] || - || [[Gavrio]] || 845 01 || 22820-7
|-
| [[Korthio]] || - || Órmos Korthíou || 845 02 || 22820-6
|}
==Communities and settlements==
*[[Aladinon]]
*[[Apoikia (Andros), Greece|Apoikia]]
*[[Ammolochos]]
*'''[[Andros (town)|Andros]]''' (Chora)
*[[Ano Aprovato]]
*[[Ano Gavrio]]
*[[Arnas, Andros]]
*[[Batsi (Andros), Greece|Batsi]]
*[[Epano Fellos]]
*[[Gavrio]]
*[[Kalyvari]]
*[[Kaparia]]
*[[Katakilo]]
*[[Kipri]]
*[[Kochylos]]
*[[Lamira]]
*[[Livadia]]
*[[Makrotantalo]]
*[[Mermingies]]
*[[Mesaria]]
*[[Ormos Korthiou]]
*[[Palaiokastro (Andros), Greece|Palaiokastro]]
*[[Palaiopolis]]
*[[Piso Meria]]
*[[Pitrofos]]
*[[Sineti]]
*[[Stenies]]
*[[Varidio]]
*[[Vitalio]]
*[[Vouni]]
*[[Vourkoti]]
*[[Ypsilou]]
==Notable people==
*[[Theophilos Kairis]] (1784-1853) priest and revolutionary
*[[Nikitas Kaklamanis]] (1946-present) doctor and politician, Mayor of [[Athens]]
*[[Yiannis tridimas]] (1945-present) Established [[UK]] Long distance runner
==Notes==
* "Large Bronze Age Town Unearthed On Andros." New York, N.Y.: ''Hellenic Times''. Sep 2- 30, 2005. Vol. XXXII, Iss. 11; pg. 2. ISSN 1059-2121 [http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/pqdweb?did=931076351&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=3959&RQT=309&VName=PQD (link)]
*{{1911| article= Andros| url= http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13600/13600-h/13600-h.htm}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.andros.gr/ind_en.htm Official website of Municipality of Ándros] {{en}} {{el icon}}
*[http://www.korthi.gr/ Official website of Municipality of Korthío] {{en}} {{el icon}}
*[http://www.andros-ydrousa.gr/ Official website of Municipality of Ydroúsa] {{en}} {{el icon}}
*[http://icarus.umkc.edu/sandbox/perseus/pecs/page.284.a.php Richard Stillwell, ed. ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites'', 1976:] "Andros, one of the Cyclades, Greece"
{{The Cyclades}}
{{Cyclades}}
{{Aegean Sea}}
[[Category:Islands of Greece]]
[[Category:Provinces of Greece]]
[[Category:The Cyclades]]
[[ca:Andros]]
[[de:Andros (Griechenland)]]
[[el:Άνδρος]]
[[es:Andros]]
[[fr:Andros]]
[[gl:Andros - Άνδρος]]
[[it:Andros]]
[[nl:Andros (Griekenland)]]
[[ja:アンドロス島 (ギリシャ)]]
[[no:Andros]]
[[nn:Ándros]]
[[pl:Andros (Cyklady)]]
[[ru:Андрос (остров, Греция)]]
[[fi:Andros (Kreikka)]]
[[sv:Andros]]
[[uk:Андрос (острів, Кіклади)]]