Anemone
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224228151
2008-07-07T22:07:08Z
Hardyplants
480153
Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/71.114.45.167|71.114.45.167]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Hardyplants|Hardyplants]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]])
{{Two other uses|the flower|the sea animal|Sea anemone||}}
{{Taxobox
| image = Zoo19feb_(7).JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Classic ''[[Anemone coronaria]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
| familia = [[Ranunculaceae]]
| genus = '''''Anemone'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| type_species =''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' L.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = ''See text.''
| synonyms =
''Anemoclema'' <small>(Franch.) W. T. Wang</small><br/>
''Anemonastrum'' <small>Holub</small><br/>
''Anemonidium'' <small>(Spach) Holub</small><br/>
''Anetilla'' <small>Galushko</small><br/>
''Arsenjevia'' <small>Starod.</small><br/>
''Eriocapitella'' <small>Nakai</small><br/>
''Jurtsevia'' <small>Á. Löve & D. Löve</small><br/>
<small>'''Probable synonyms:'''</small><br/>
''[[Barneoudia]]'' <small>Gay</small><br/>
''[[Hepatica]]'' <small>Mill.</small><br/>
''[[Knowltonia]]'' <small>Salisb.</small><br/>
''[[Miyakea]]'' <small>Miyabe & Tatew.</small><br/>
''[[Oreithales]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small><br/>
''[[Pulsatilla]]'' <small>Mill.</small><br/>
<small>Sources: GRIN,<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web
| url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?664
| title = Genus: ''Anemone'' L.
| accessdate = 2008-05-15
| author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
| authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network
| date = 2007-05-10
| format = HTML
| work = Taxonomy for Plants
| publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
}}</ref> ING,<ref name='IPNI'>{{cite web
| url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Anemone
| title = Plant Name Search Results
| accessdate = 2008-04-18
| author = International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI)
| format = HTML
| work = [[International Plant Names Index]]
}}</ref> FNA<ref name="FNA">{{cite journal
| journal =[[Flora of North America]]
| title = 5. Anemone Linnaeus
| volume =3
| url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101733
| accessdate = 2008-05-16 }}</ref></small>
}}
'''''Anemone''''' (''[[Syllable stress of Botanical Latin|A-ne-mó-ne]]'', from the [[Greek language|Gr.]] Άνεμος, wind), is a [[genus]] of about 120 [[species]] of flowering plants in the buttercup family [[Ranunculaceae]] in the north and south temperate zones. They are closely related to [[Pasque flower]] (''Pulsatilla'') and [[Hepatica]] (''Hepatica''); some botanists include both of these genera within ''Anemone''.
==Description==
[[Image:Hakusanitige.JPG|thumb|left|120px|''[[Anemone narcissiflora]]'']]
''Anemone'' are [[perennial]] [[herb]]s; plants which grow from [[rhizome]]s, [[Caudex|caudices]] or [[tuber]]s. Leaves grow from the base and can be simple, compound or attached with a leaf stalk. Terminal [[inflorescence]]s with two to nine flowered [[cyme]]s or [[umbel]]s, or solitary [[flower]]s that depending on the species can be up to 60 centimeters tall. The flowers are [[Plant sexuality|bisexual]] and radially symmetric. The [[sepal]]s are not persistent in [[fruit]], and can be [[white]], [[purple]], [[blue]], [[green]], [[yellow]], [[pink]] or [[red]]. Fruits are [[achene]]s.<ref name="FNA"/>
<br clear="left"/>
==Species list==
[[Image:Anemone sylvestris 210407a.jpg|thumb|240px|''[[Anemone sylvestris]]'']]
There are approximately 150 species<ref name="FNA"/>, including:
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Anemone acutiloba]]''
*''[[Anemone apennina]]'' — Blue Anemone
*''[[Anemone baicalensis]]''
*''[[Anemone baldensis]]''
*''[[Anemone biarmiensis]]''
*''[[Anemone biflora]]''
*''[[Anemone blanda]]'' — Greek Windflower
*''[[Anemone bucharica]]''
*''[[Anemone canadensis]]''
*''[[Anemone capensis]]''
*''[[Anemone caroliniana]]''
*''[[Anemone caucasica]]''
*''[[Anemone chinensis]]''
*''[[Anemone coerulea]]''
*''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' — Poppy Anemone
*''[[Anemone cylindrica]]''
*''[[Anemone deltoidea]]''
*''[[Anemone demissa]]''
*''[[Anemone dichotoma]]''
*''[[Anemone drummondii]]''
*''[[Anemone elongata]]''
*''[[Anemone eranthoides]]''
*''[[Anemone fanninii]]''
*''[[Anemone flaccida]]''
*''[[Anemone glauciifolia]]''
*''[[Anemone gortschakowii]]''
*''[[Anemone heldreichiana]]''
*''[[Anemone hepatica]]'' - also called ''Hepatica nobilis''
*''[[Anemone hortensis]]''
*''[[Anemone hupehensis]]'' — Chinese Anemone
**[[Anemone hupehensis|''Anemone hupehensis'' var. ''japonica'']] — Japanese Anemone
*''[[Anemone keiskeana]]''
*''[[Anemone lancifolia]]''
*''[[Anemone leveillei]]''
|
*''[[Anemone lithophila]]''
*''[[Anemone magellanica]]''
*''[[Anemone mexicana]]''
*''[[Anemone multifida]]''
*''[[Anemone narcissiflora]]'' — Narcissus Anemone
*''[[Anemone nemorosa]]'' — Wood Anemone
*''[[Anemone nikoensis]]''
*''[[Anemone occidentalis]]'' - Western pasqueflower
*''[[Anemone palmata]]''
*''[[Anemone parviflora]]''
*''[[Anemone pavonina]]''
*''[[Anemone petiolulosa]]''
*''[[Anemone polyanthes]]''
*''[[Anemone quinquefolia]]'' — Wood Anemone
*''[[Anemone raddeana]]''
*''[[Anemone ranunculoides]]'' — Yellow Woodland Anemone
*''[[Anemone reflexa]]''
*''[[Anemone richardsonii]]'' - Yellow Anemone
*''[[Anemone riparia]]''
*''[[Anemone rivularis]]''
*''[[Anemone rupicola]]''
*''[[Anemone sibirica]]''
*''[[Anemone sylvestris]]'' — Snowdrop Windflower
*''[[Anemone tetrasepala]]''
*''[[Anemone thomsonii]]''
*''[[Anemone tomentosa]]''
*''[[Anemone trifolia]]''
*''[[Anemone trullifolia]]''
*''[[Anemone tschernjaewii]]''
*''[[Anemone tuberosa]]''
*''[[Anemone villosissima]]''
*''[[Anemone virginiana]]''
*''[[Anemone vitifolia]]''
*''[[Anemone zephyra]]''
|}
==Cultivation==
[[Image:Field-of-various-color-kalanit02.jpg|thumb|240px|A collage of ''Anemone coronaria'' of various colors. ''Anemone coronaria'' comes in shades of [[red]], [[pink]], [[purple]], [[blue]] and [[white]], but the most common colour is red.]]
Many of the species are favourite garden plants; among the best known is ''Anemone coronaria'', often called the poppy anemone, a tuberous-rooted plant, with parsley-like divided leaves, and large showy poppy-like blossoms on stalks of from 15–20 [[centimetre|cm]] high; the flowers are of various colours, but the principal are scarlet, crimson, blue, purple and white. There are also double-flowered varieties, in which the stamens in the centre are replaced by a tuft of narrow petals. It is an old garden favourite, and of the double forms there are named varieties. {{Fact|date=May 2008}}
They grow best in a loamy soil, enriched with well-rotted manure, which should be dug in below the tubers. These may be planted in October, and for succession in January, the autumn-planted ones being protected by a covering of leaves or short stable litter. They will flower in May and June, and when the leaves have ripened should be taken up into a dry room till planting time. They are easily raised from the seed, and a bed of the single varieties is a valuable addition to a flower-garden, as it affords, in a warm situation, an abundance of handsome and often brilliant spring flowers, almost as early as the [[snowdrop]] or [[crocus]]. Anemone thrives in partial shade, or in full sun provided they are shielded from the hottest sun in southern areas. A well-drained slightly acid soil, enriched with compost, is ideal.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
The genus contains many other spring-flowering plants, of which ''A. hortensis'' and ''A. fulgens'' have less divided leaves and splendid rosy-purple or scarlet flowers; they require similar treatment. ''Anemone hupehensis'', and its white [[cultivar]] 'Honorine Joubert', the latter especially, are amongst the finest of autumn-flowering hardy perennials; they grow well in light soil, and reach 60–100 cm in height, blooming continually for several weeks. A group of dwarf species, represented by the native British ''A. nemorosa'' and ''A. apennina'', are amongst the most beautiful of spring flowers for planting in woods and shady places.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
''Anemone'' species are sometimes targeted by cutworms, the [[larva]]e of [[Noctuidae|noctuid]] [[moth]]s such as [[Angle Shades]] and [[Heart and Dart]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
{{Main|List of anemone diseases}}
==History and symbolism==
[[Image:Anemone (PSF).png|thumb|240px|An illustration of an Anemone.]]
The meaning of the anemone flower is "forsaken" and also "a dying hope". The flower ''Anemone'' could also be used to signify Anticipation.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
The ''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' ("[[:he:כלנית|Kalanit]]" in [[Hebrew]]) is one of the most well known and beloved flowers in [[Israel]]. During the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] British soldiers were nicknamed "Kalaniyot" for their red berrets.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
==References==
*{{1911}}
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{wikispecies-inline}}
*{{1913}}
*{{ITIS|ID=18425|taxon=''Anemone'' L. |year=2008|date=15 May}}
*{{cite web
| url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ANEMO
| title = PLANTS Profile, ''Anemone'' L.
| accessdate = 2008-05-16
| author = Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
| authorlink = Natural Resources Conservation Service
| format = HTML
| work = The PLANTS Database
| publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture]]
}}
[[Category:Anemone| ]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[ca:Anèmona]]
[[cs:Sasanka]]
[[da:Anemone]]
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[[et:Ülane]]
[[el:Ανεμώνη]]
[[es:Anemone]]
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[[hsb:Podlěsk]]
[[it:Anemone]]
[[he:כלנית]]
[[lt:Plukė]]
[[hu:Szellőrózsa]]
[[nl:Anemoon]]
[[ja:アネモネ]]
[[no:Symrer]]
[[pl:Zawilec]]
[[pt:Anemone]]
[[ro:Anemone]]
[[ru:Анемоны]]
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[[fi:Vuokot]]
[[sv:Sippor]]
[[uk:Анемона]]