Anemone 77590 224228151 2008-07-07T22:07:08Z Hardyplants 480153 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/71.114.45.167|71.114.45.167]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Hardyplants|Hardyplants]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) {{Two other uses|the flower|the sea animal|Sea anemone||}} {{Taxobox | image = Zoo19feb_(7).JPG | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Classic ''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Ranunculales]] | familia = [[Ranunculaceae]] | genus = '''''Anemone''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | type_species =''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''See text.'' | synonyms = ''Anemoclema'' <small>(Franch.) W. T. Wang</small><br/> ''Anemonastrum'' <small>Holub</small><br/> ''Anemonidium'' <small>(Spach) Holub</small><br/> ''Anetilla'' <small>Galushko</small><br/> ''Arsenjevia'' <small>Starod.</small><br/> ''Eriocapitella'' <small>Nakai</small><br/> ''Jurtsevia'' <small>Á. Löve & D. Löve</small><br/> <small>'''Probable synonyms:'''</small><br/> ''[[Barneoudia]]'' <small>Gay</small><br/> ''[[Hepatica]]'' <small>Mill.</small><br/> ''[[Knowltonia]]'' <small>Salisb.</small><br/> ''[[Miyakea]]'' <small>Miyabe & Tatew.</small><br/> ''[[Oreithales]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small><br/> ''[[Pulsatilla]]'' <small>Mill.</small><br/> <small>Sources: GRIN,<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?664 | title = Genus: ''Anemone'' L. | accessdate = 2008-05-15 | author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network | date = 2007-05-10 | format = HTML | work = Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland }}</ref> ING,<ref name='IPNI'>{{cite web | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Anemone | title = Plant Name Search Results | accessdate = 2008-04-18 | author = International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI) | format = HTML | work = [[International Plant Names Index]] }}</ref> FNA<ref name="FNA">{{cite journal | journal =[[Flora of North America]] | title = 5. Anemone Linnaeus | volume =3 | url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101733 | accessdate = 2008-05-16 }}</ref></small> }} '''''Anemone''''' (''[[Syllable stress of Botanical Latin|A-ne-mó-ne]]'', from the [[Greek language|Gr.]] Άνεμος, wind), is a [[genus]] of about 120 [[species]] of flowering plants in the buttercup family [[Ranunculaceae]] in the north and south temperate zones. They are closely related to [[Pasque flower]] (''Pulsatilla'') and [[Hepatica]] (''Hepatica''); some botanists include both of these genera within ''Anemone''. ==Description== [[Image:Hakusanitige.JPG|thumb|left|120px|''[[Anemone narcissiflora]]'']] ''Anemone'' are [[perennial]] [[herb]]s; plants which grow from [[rhizome]]s, [[Caudex|caudices]] or [[tuber]]s. Leaves grow from the base and can be simple, compound or attached with a leaf stalk. Terminal [[inflorescence]]s with two to nine flowered [[cyme]]s or [[umbel]]s, or solitary [[flower]]s that depending on the species can be up to 60 centimeters tall. The flowers are [[Plant sexuality|bisexual]] and radially symmetric. The [[sepal]]s are not persistent in [[fruit]], and can be [[white]], [[purple]], [[blue]], [[green]], [[yellow]], [[pink]] or [[red]]. Fruits are [[achene]]s.<ref name="FNA"/> <br clear="left"/> ==Species list== [[Image:Anemone sylvestris 210407a.jpg|thumb|240px|''[[Anemone sylvestris]]'']] There are approximately 150 species<ref name="FNA"/>, including: {| |- valign=top | *''[[Anemone acutiloba]]'' *''[[Anemone apennina]]'' — Blue Anemone *''[[Anemone baicalensis]]'' *''[[Anemone baldensis]]'' *''[[Anemone biarmiensis]]'' *''[[Anemone biflora]]'' *''[[Anemone blanda]]'' — Greek Windflower *''[[Anemone bucharica]]'' *''[[Anemone canadensis]]'' *''[[Anemone capensis]]'' *''[[Anemone caroliniana]]'' *''[[Anemone caucasica]]'' *''[[Anemone chinensis]]'' *''[[Anemone coerulea]]'' *''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' — Poppy Anemone *''[[Anemone cylindrica]]'' *''[[Anemone deltoidea]]'' *''[[Anemone demissa]]'' *''[[Anemone dichotoma]]'' *''[[Anemone drummondii]]'' *''[[Anemone elongata]]'' *''[[Anemone eranthoides]]'' *''[[Anemone fanninii]]'' *''[[Anemone flaccida]]'' *''[[Anemone glauciifolia]]'' *''[[Anemone gortschakowii]]'' *''[[Anemone heldreichiana]]'' *''[[Anemone hepatica]]'' - also called ''Hepatica nobilis'' *''[[Anemone hortensis]]'' *''[[Anemone hupehensis]]'' — Chinese Anemone **[[Anemone hupehensis|''Anemone hupehensis'' var. ''japonica'']] — Japanese Anemone *''[[Anemone keiskeana]]'' *''[[Anemone lancifolia]]'' *''[[Anemone leveillei]]'' | *''[[Anemone lithophila]]'' *''[[Anemone magellanica]]'' *''[[Anemone mexicana]]'' *''[[Anemone multifida]]'' *''[[Anemone narcissiflora]]'' — Narcissus Anemone *''[[Anemone nemorosa]]'' — Wood Anemone *''[[Anemone nikoensis]]'' *''[[Anemone occidentalis]]'' - Western pasqueflower *''[[Anemone palmata]]'' *''[[Anemone parviflora]]'' *''[[Anemone pavonina]]'' *''[[Anemone petiolulosa]]'' *''[[Anemone polyanthes]]'' *''[[Anemone quinquefolia]]'' — Wood Anemone *''[[Anemone raddeana]]'' *''[[Anemone ranunculoides]]'' — Yellow Woodland Anemone *''[[Anemone reflexa]]'' *''[[Anemone richardsonii]]'' - Yellow Anemone *''[[Anemone riparia]]'' *''[[Anemone rivularis]]'' *''[[Anemone rupicola]]'' *''[[Anemone sibirica]]'' *''[[Anemone sylvestris]]'' — Snowdrop Windflower *''[[Anemone tetrasepala]]'' *''[[Anemone thomsonii]]'' *''[[Anemone tomentosa]]'' *''[[Anemone trifolia]]'' *''[[Anemone trullifolia]]'' *''[[Anemone tschernjaewii]]'' *''[[Anemone tuberosa]]'' *''[[Anemone villosissima]]'' *''[[Anemone virginiana]]'' *''[[Anemone vitifolia]]'' *''[[Anemone zephyra]]'' |} ==Cultivation== [[Image:Field-of-various-color-kalanit02.jpg|thumb|240px|A collage of ''Anemone coronaria'' of various colors. ''Anemone coronaria'' comes in shades of [[red]], [[pink]], [[purple]], [[blue]] and [[white]], but the most common colour is red.]] Many of the species are favourite garden plants; among the best known is ''Anemone coronaria'', often called the poppy anemone, a tuberous-rooted plant, with parsley-like divided leaves, and large showy poppy-like blossoms on stalks of from 15–20&nbsp;[[centimetre|cm]] high; the flowers are of various colours, but the principal are scarlet, crimson, blue, purple and white. There are also double-flowered varieties, in which the stamens in the centre are replaced by a tuft of narrow petals. It is an old garden favourite, and of the double forms there are named varieties. {{Fact|date=May 2008}} They grow best in a loamy soil, enriched with well-rotted manure, which should be dug in below the tubers. These may be planted in October, and for succession in January, the autumn-planted ones being protected by a covering of leaves or short stable litter. They will flower in May and June, and when the leaves have ripened should be taken up into a dry room till planting time. They are easily raised from the seed, and a bed of the single varieties is a valuable addition to a flower-garden, as it affords, in a warm situation, an abundance of handsome and often brilliant spring flowers, almost as early as the [[snowdrop]] or [[crocus]]. Anemone thrives in partial shade, or in full sun provided they are shielded from the hottest sun in southern areas. A well-drained slightly acid soil, enriched with compost, is ideal.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} The genus contains many other spring-flowering plants, of which ''A. hortensis'' and ''A. fulgens'' have less divided leaves and splendid rosy-purple or scarlet flowers; they require similar treatment. ''Anemone hupehensis'', and its white [[cultivar]] 'Honorine Joubert', the latter especially, are amongst the finest of autumn-flowering hardy perennials; they grow well in light soil, and reach 60–100&nbsp;cm in height, blooming continually for several weeks. A group of dwarf species, represented by the native British ''A. nemorosa'' and ''A. apennina'', are amongst the most beautiful of spring flowers for planting in woods and shady places.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} ''Anemone'' species are sometimes targeted by cutworms, the [[larva]]e of [[Noctuidae|noctuid]] [[moth]]s such as [[Angle Shades]] and [[Heart and Dart]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}} {{Main|List of anemone diseases}} ==History and symbolism== [[Image:Anemone (PSF).png|thumb|240px|An illustration of an Anemone.]] The meaning of the anemone flower is "forsaken" and also "a dying hope". The flower ''Anemone'' could also be used to signify Anticipation.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} The ''[[Anemone coronaria]]'' ("[[:he:כלנית|Kalanit]]" in [[Hebrew]]) is one of the most well known and beloved flowers in [[Israel]]. During the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] British soldiers were nicknamed "Kalaniyot" for their red berrets.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} ==References== *{{1911}} {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat-inline}} {{wikispecies-inline}} *{{1913}} *{{ITIS|ID=18425|taxon=''Anemone'' L. |year=2008|date=15 May}} *{{cite web | url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ANEMO | title = PLANTS Profile, ''Anemone'' L. | accessdate = 2008-05-16 | author = Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) | authorlink = Natural Resources Conservation Service | format = HTML | work = The PLANTS Database | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture]] }} [[Category:Anemone| ]] [[Category:Flowers]] [[Category:Medicinal plants]] [[ca:Anèmona]] [[cs:Sasanka]] [[da:Anemone]] [[de:Windröschen]] [[et:Ülane]] [[el:Ανεμώνη]] [[es:Anemone]] [[fr:Anémone]] [[hsb:Podlěsk]] [[it:Anemone]] [[he:כלנית]] [[lt:Plukė]] [[hu:Szellőrózsa]] [[nl:Anemoon]] [[ja:アネモネ]] [[no:Symrer]] [[pl:Zawilec]] [[pt:Anemone]] [[ro:Anemone]] [[ru:Анемоны]] [[sq:Anemone]] [[fi:Vuokot]] [[sv:Sippor]] [[uk:Анемона]]