Angiopathy
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2007-09-13T19:13:29Z
A.R.
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[[shinbone|shin]]
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = Diabetic angiopathy |
ICD10 = E10.5, E11.5, E12.5, E13.5, E14.5 |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|250.7}} |
}}
'''Angiopathy''' is the generic term for a disease of the [[blood vessel]]s ([[artery|arteries]], [[vein]]s, and [[capillary|capillaries]]). The best known and most prevalent angiopathy is the '''diabetic angiopathy''', a [[complication (medicine)|complication]] that may occur in [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] [[diabetes]].
There are two types of angiopathy: '''[[macroangiopathy]]''' and '''[[microangiopathy]]'''. In macroangiopathy, [[fat]] and [[blood]] [[clot]]s build up in the large blood vessels, stick to the vessel walls, and block the flow of [[blood]]. In microangiopathy, the walls of the smaller blood vessels become so thick and weak that they [[hemorrhage|bleed]], leak [[protein]], and slow the flow of blood through the body. The decrease of blood flow through [[stenosis]] or clot formation impair the flow of [[oxygen]] to [[cell (biology)|cell]]s and [[biological tissue]]s (called [[ischemia]]) and lead to their death ([[necrosis]] and [[gangrene]], which in turn may require [[amputation]]). Thus, tissues which are very sensitive to oxygen levels, such as the [[retina]], develop microangiopathy and may cause [[blindness]] (so-called proliferative diabetic [[retinopathy]]). Damage to [[nerve]] cells may cause peripheral [[neuropathy]], and to [[kidney]] cells, diabetic [[nephropathy]] ([[Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome]]).
Macroangiopathy, on the other hand, may cause other complications, such as [[ischemic heart disease]], [[stroke]] and peripheral vascular disease which contributes to the diabetic [[foot ulcers]] and the risk of amputation.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of adult kidney failure worldwide. It also the most common cause of amputation in the US, usually toes and feet, often as a result of gangrene, and almost always as a result of peripheral vascular disease. Retinal damage (from microangiopathy) makes it the most common cause of blindness among non-elderly adults in the US.
"Diabetic dermopathy" is a manifestation of diabetic angiopathy. It is often found on the [[shinbone|shin]].
There is also Neuropathy; also associated with diabetes mellitus; type 1 and 2.
==See also==
*[[Congophilic angiopathy]]
==External links==
*[http://www.skincareguide.ca/glossary/d/diabetic_angiopathy.html Skin care guide]
{{Endocrine pathology}}
[[Category:Angiology]]