Anorgasmia 292094 221021564 2008-06-22T18:22:54Z Faigl.ladislav 1429591 cs iw added '''Anorgasmia''' (often related to [[delayed ejaculation]] in males) is a form of [[sexual dysfunction]] sometimes classified as a [[psychiatric disorder]] in which the patient cannot achieve [[orgasm]], even with "adequate" stimulation. However, it can also be caused by medical problems such as [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[pelvis|pelvic]] trauma, [[hormone|hormonal]] imbalances, total [[hysterectomy]], [[spinal cord injury]] and [[cardiovascular disease]]. Anorgasmia is far more common in females than in males and is especially rare in younger men. A common cause of anorgasmia, in both men and women, is the use of [[anti-depressants]], particularly [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s (SSRIs). Though reporting of anorgasmia as a side-effect of SSRIs is not precise, it is estimated that 15-50% of users of such medications are affected by this condition {{Fact|date=June 2007}}. The chemical [[amantadine]] has been shown to relieve [[SSRI]]-induced anorgasmia in some, but not all, people. ==Primary anorgasmia== Primary anorgasmia is a condition where one has never experienced an orgasm. This is significantly more common in women, although it can occur in men who lack the [[Bulbocavernosus Reflex|gladipudendal (bulbocavernosus) reflex]].<ref>Brindley GS, Gillian P (1982) Men and women who do not have orgasms. British J of Psychiatry 140, 351-356</ref> Women with this condition can sometimes achieve a relatively low level of sexual excitement and may think of [[intercourse]] or other sexual activities as pleasant despite their inability to orgasm. They may get most of their reward from touching, holding, kissing, caressing, attention, and approval. However, women who regularly achieve high levels of sexual response without orgasmic release of tension may find the experience frustrating. Emotional irritability, restlessness, and pelvic pain or a heavy pelvic sensation may occur because of vascular engorgement. Women who have not yet had an orgasm usually have some combination of the following:{{Fact|date=February 2007}} * Sociocultural inhibitions that interfere with normal sexual response. * Unresolved feelings towards a traumatic sexual experience as in [[sexual abuse]] or [[rape]]. * A lack of knowledge about sex and sexuality, which interferes with normal sexual development. * A lack of opportunity to practice in a safe, secure, socially acceptable, and a private atmosphere (only two partaking) in a situation that offers approval and support. * A partner who has primary or secondary difficulty in achieving an erection. * [[Dyspareunia]], or painful intercourse. * Genital mutilation ("[[female circumcision]]") that removes part or all of the [[clitoris]], scars the genital area, or constricts the opening to the vagina. Often, vaginal intercourse is painful not only because of scarring from this procedure but also because of associated infection. Often, though, there is no obvious reason why orgasm is unobtainable. Regardless of having a caring, skilled partner, having adequate time and privacy, and having no medical issues which would affect sexual satisfaction, some women are unable to orgasm. This situation is extremely frustrating because with no discernible cause, a plausible solution is difficult to discover.{{Facts|date=June 2007}} In many contexts, many people have been able to find effective relief from anorgasmia despite a physical factor through a mental process of conditioning, as such hypnosis can have a positive impact.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} Primary male anorgasmia is very uncommon, and thus has been studied very little. {{Fact|date=June 2007}} ==Secondary anorgasmia== Secondary anorgasmia is the loss of the ability to have orgasms.{{Dubious|date=March 2008}} The cause may be [[alcoholism]], [[clinical depression|depression]], [[grief]], pelvic surgery or injuries, certain medications, illness, [[estrogen]] deprivation associated with [[menopause]] or an event that has violated the patient's sexual value system. Secondary anorgasmia is close to 50% among males undergoing [[prostatectomy]];<ref>{{cite journal | author=Dunsmuir WD, Emberton M, Neal DE, on behalf of the steering group of the National Prostatectomy Audit | title=There is significant sexual dissatisfaction following TURP | journal=British Journal of Urology | issue=77 | pages= 161A}}</ref> 80% among radical prostatectomies.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Koeman M, Van Driel MF, Weijmar Schultz WCM, Mensink HJA | title=Orgasm after radical prostatectomy | journal=British Jounal of Urology | issue=77 | pages=861&ndash;864}}</ref> This is a serious adverse result because radical prostatectomies are usually given to younger males who are expected to live more than 10 years. At more advanced ages, the [[prostate]] is more unlikely to grow during that person's remaining lifetime.[http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/Radical-prostatectomy] This is generally caused by damage to the primary nerves serving the penile area, which pass near the prostate gland. Removal of the prostate frequently damages or even completely removes these nerves, making sexual response unreasonably difficult.[http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/Radical-prostatectomy] Due to the existence of these nerves in the prostate, surgeons performing [[sex reassignment surgery]] on [[transsexual]] male to female patients avoid removing the prostate. <!-- This logically follows from the above information. As removal of the prostate potentially will damage the nerves serving the genital area, a surgeon would certainly avoid removing it along with sexual response when the entire purpose of the surgery is to newly form a sexual organ. --> This leaves the nerves that will then lead to the newly-formed [[clitoris]], and decreases the chances that the patient will not respond to clitoral stimulation after surgery. <!-- Medical fact: SRS involves reforming the glans of the penis into the glans of the clitoris. --> Additionally, by leaving the prostate in the patient, the surgeon allows it to be situated close to the wall of the newly-formed [[vagina]], which may potentially increase stimulation during vaginal intercourse after the procedure. <!-- Medical fact: after SRS, the prostate lies near the vaginal wall. Medical fact: some people with prostates get sexual excitement from stimulation of the prostate. --> ==Situational anorgasmia == Women who are orgasmic in some situations may not be in others. A woman may have an orgasm from one type of stimulation but not from another. Or a woman may achieve orgasm with one partner but not another, or have an orgasm only under certain conditions or only with a certain type or amount of foreplay. These common variations are within the range of normal sexual expression. Doctors believe{{Fact|date=June 2007}} that a woman with situational anorgasmia should be encouraged to explore alone and with her partner those factors that may affect whether or not she is orgasmic, such as fatigue, emotional concerns, feeling pressured to have sex when she is not interested, or her partner's sexual dysfunction. The same doctors believe{{Fact|date=June 2007}} that [[family planning]]s should consider recommending the female-above position for penile-vaginal intercourse, as it may allow for greater stimulation of the clitoris by the [[penis]] or [[symphysis pubis]] or both, and it allows the woman better control of movement. Bridging is the combining of a successful method for sexual stimulation with a desired technique so that the body learns to associate orgasm with that technique. If, for example, the woman is readily orgasmic with manual stimulation but not with penile-vaginal thrusting, she is encouraged to combine those two regularly until her body has learned to associate high levels of excitement and orgasm with penile-vaginal thrusting.{{Facts|date=June 2007}} ==Random anorgasmia== Some women are orgasmic but not in enough instances to satisfy their sense of what is appropriate or desirable. Often such women have trouble momentarily giving up control and allowing themselves to respond fully. Therapy can be aimed at helping them give up the need to keep their sexual feelings under control at all times. ==Treatment== {{Refimprove|date=June 2007}} Effective treatment for anorgasmia depends on the cause. In the case of women suffering from psychological sexual trauma or inhibition, [[psychosexual]] counselling might be advisable and could be obtained through GP referral. Women suffering from anorgasmia with no obvious psychological cause would need to be examined by their GP to check for absence of disease. Blood tests would also need to be done (full blood count, liver function, [[estradiol|oestradiol/estradiol]], total [[testosterone]], SHBG, [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH]]/[[Luteinizing hormone|LH]], [[prolactin]], [[thyroid]] function, [[lipid]]s and fasting blood sugar) to check for other conditions such as [[diabetes]], lack of [[ovulation]], low thyroid function or [[hormone imbalance]]s. They would then need to be referred to a consultant specialising in female sexual dysfunction. There are very few such consultants in the UK (their details can be obtained from the Sexual Dysfunction Association). Just as with [[erectile dysfunction]] in men lack of sexual function in women may be treated with hormones to correct imbalances, [[clitoral pump|clitoral vacuum pump]] devices or medication to improve blood flow and sexual sensation. ==See also== * [[Sexual dysfunction]] ==References== <references /> *The original text for this article is taken from [[public domain]] CDC text. <!-- at [http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/drh/Africa_pdf/Chap_10.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/drh/Africa_pdf/Chap_10.pdf] (This link is broken.) --> ==External links== *[http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/?article=difficulty&refid=004 University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo] includes statistics, causes, and treatments for anorgasmia *[http://www.archive.org/details/FemaleOrgasm A brief review] that explores issues of the medicalization of the female orgasm *[http://www.hisandherhealth.com/cgi-bin/ubb_newshe/ultimatebb.cgi?/topic/7/324.html Discussion of male orgasmic dysfunction] on the Sexual Health forums of HisandHerHealth.com. [[Category:Orgasm]] [[Category:Sexual health]] [[cs:Anorgasmie]] [[de:Orgasmus#Anorgasmie]] [[es:Anorgasmia]] [[fr:Anorgasmie]] [[it:Anorgasmia]] [[nl:Anorgasmie]] [[pl:Anorgazmia]] [[pt:Anorgasmia]] [[sk:Anorgazmia]] [[sr:Аноргазмија]] [[fi:Anorgasmia]]