Antibacterial soap 349829 221788156 2008-06-26T02:53:11Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes '''Antibacterial soap''' is any cleaning product to which active [[antibacterial]] ingredients have been added. These chemicals kill [[bacterium|bacteria]] and [[microbe]]s. They do not kill [[virus]]es. ==Ingredients== Many, or even most, liquid hand and body soaps contain antibacterial chemicals. [[Triclosan]] is a common ingredient, as is [[alcohol]]. Since there is a great variety of bacteria, effectiveness against any given type of bacterium does not ensure that it is effective against unrelated types. Some soaps contain [[EDTA|tetrasodium EDTA]] which is a [[chelation|chelating]] agent that sequesters metals that the bacteria require in order to grow. Other [[microbe]]s also require metals and so it is actually an anti-microbial agent that is widely used even as a [[preservative]]. It appears to be fairly harmless in the environment. ===Overuse=== {{seealso|Antibiotic resistance|Hand washing#Truths, myths, and misinformation}} Overuse of chemicals like triclosan has been suggested to cause sensitive bacteria to [[microevolution|evolve]] [[antibiotic resistance|resistance]] to its antibacterial action. Should any [[antibiotic]] be discovered that works similarly to triclosan, this antibiotic's effectiveness to combat infections will be reduced because people will be hosting resistant bacteria already due to their use of soaps containing triclosan. ==Research== Studies have examined the purported benefits of antibacterial soap.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} Some studies have concluded that simply washing thoroughly with plain [[soap]] is sufficient to reduce bacteria and, further, is effective against viruses. Other studies have found that soaps containing [[antimicrobial]] active ingredients remove more bacteria than simply washing with plain soap and [[water]] (''J.C. Lucet (2002), Hand Contamination Before and After Different Hand Hygiene Techniques: a Randomized Clinical Trial, Journal of Hospital Infection; L.L. Gibson (2002), Quantitative Assessment of Risk Reduction From Hand Washing with Antibacterial Soap, Journal of Applied Microbiology''). The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] published reports that questions the use of antibacterial soap and [[hand sanitizer]]s saying that it found no medical studies that showed a link between a specific consumer antibacterial product and a decline in infection rates.[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05291/590584.stm] At one [[academic conference|conference]], Dr. [[Stuart Levy]], a [[microbiologist]] at [[Tufts University]], cites these studies to conclude: "Dousing everything we touch with antibacterial soaps and taking antibiotic medications at the first sign of a cold can upset the natural balance of [[microorganism]]s in and around us, leaving behind only the 'superbugs'."<sup>[[#External links|1]]</sup> In addition, the use of antibacterial soaps when suffering from superficial [[mycoses]] can greatly enhance the pathogenicity of the fungus in question by removing potential bacterial competition, causing a rapid increase in fungal growth.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} Recent research from Dr. Levy's lab (Aiello, et al., 2005) concludes that "The results from our study do not implicate the use of antibacterial cleaning and [[hygiene]] products as an influential factor in carriage of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria on the hands of household members." However, a more recent literature review performed by Dr. Levy (Aiello et al., 2007) concluded that "The lack of an additional health benefit associated with the use of triclosan-containing consumer soaps over regular soap, coupled with laboratory data demonstrating a potential risk of selecting for drug resistance, warrants further evaluation by governmental regulators regarding antibacterial product claims and advertising." The paper's authors call for continued research in this area. ==See also== *[[antisepsis]] *[[antibiotic resistance]] *[[Hygiene hypothesis]] ==References== *J.C. Lucet (2002), Hand Contamination Before and After Different Hand Hygiene Techniques: a Randomized Clinical Trial, Journal of Hospital Infection; L.L. Gibson (2002), Quantitative Assessment of Risk Reduction From Hand Washing with Antibacterial Soap, Journal of Applied Microbiology *Aiello AE, Marshall B, Levy SB, Della-Latta P, Lin SX, Larson E. (2005), Antibacterial cleaning products and drug resistance. Emerg Infect Dis., Oct;11(10):1565-70. *Aiello AE, Larson EL, Levy SB. (2007), Consumer antibacterial soaps: effective or just risky? Clin Infect Dis., Sep 1;45 Suppl 2:S137-47. ==External links== *[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/09/health/09essa.html?ex=1257742800&en=0e93bdabccb3e84f&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt Germs, Germs Everywhere. Are You Worried? Get Over It.] *[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no3_supp/levy.htm Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern] *[http://abcnews.go.com/2020/Health/story?id=1213399&page=1 Is Antibacterial Soap All Washed Up?] [[Category:Soaps]] [[Category:Bacteria]]