Antiquarian
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[[Image:Musei Wormiani Historia.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ole Worm|Olaus Wormius]]' cabinet of curiosities, from ''Museum Wormianum,'' 1655.]]
An '''antiquarian''' or '''antiquary''' is one concerned with [[antiquities]] or things of the past. Also, and most often in modern usage, an antiquarian is a person who deals with or collects rare and ancient "[[Antiquarian book trade in the United States|antiquarian books]]". More narrowly, the term is often used for those who studied [[history]] with special attention to "[[antiques]]", meaning ancient objects of art or science as physical traces of the past. Antiquarianism is usually considered to have emerged in the 16th century; by the 19th century it had become transformed and bifurcated into the academic disciplines of [[archaeology]] and [[philology]].
==Antiquarian societies==
The [[Society of Antiquaries of London]] was formed in the 18th century to promote the study of antiquities. As early as 1572 a society had been founded by Bishop [[Matthew Parker]], [[Robert Bruce Cotton|Sir Robert Cotton]], [[William Camden]] and others for the preservation of national antiquities. This body existed till 1604, when it fell under suspicion of being political in its aims, and was abolished by King [[James I of England|James I]]. Papers read at their meetings are preserved in the [[Cottonian library]] and were printed by [[Thomas Hearne]] in 1720 under the title ''A Collection of Curious Discourses'', a second edition appearing in 1771.
In 1707 a number of English antiquaries began to hold regular meetings for the discussion of their hobby and in 1717 the Society of Antiquaries was formally reconstituted, finally receiving a charter from King [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] in 1751. In 1780 King [[George III of Great Britain|George III]] granted the society apartments in [[Somerset House]] in [[Strand, London|The Strand]]. The society was governed by a council of twenty and a president who is ''ex officio'' a trustee of the [[British Museum]].
The [[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] was founded in 1780 and had the management of a large national antiquarian museum in [[Edinburgh]]. In [[Ireland]] a society was founded in 1849 called the Kilkenny Archaeological Society, holding its meetings at [[Kilkenny]]. In 1869 its name was changed to the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland, and in 1890 to the [[Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland]], its office being transferred to [[Dublin]]. In [[France]] ''La Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France'' was formed in 1814 by the reconstruction of the ''Acadêmie Celtique'', which had existed since 1805. The [[American Antiquarian Society]] was founded in 1812, with its headquarters at [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], [[Massachusetts]]. It had a library of upwards of 100,000 volumes and its transactions have been published bi-annually since 1820. In [[Germany]] the ''Gesamtverein der Deutschen Geschichts und Altertumsvereine'' was founded in 1852. ''La Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord'' at [[Copenhagen]] was among the best known of European antiquarian societies.
In his essay ''[[Nietzsche#Untimely Meditations|Untimely Meditations]]'', [[philosopher]] [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] examines three forms of [[history]]. One of these is [[Antiquarian History]], a form of history aimed at creating a feeling of connection to one's history. Nietzsche's [[philosophy of history]] had a significant impact on [[critical history]] in the 20th century.
==Some antiquarians==
* [[Patrick Abercromby]]
* [[Pasquale Amati]]
* [[John Aubrey]]
* [[James Balfour of Denmyine|Sir James Balfour]]
* [[Thomas Baker (antiquarian)|Thomas Baker]]
* [[John Bale]]
* [[John Battely]]
* [[William Bragge]]
* [[Thomas Browne]]
* [[George Buck]]
* [[William Camden]]
* [[Robert Crowley (printer)|Robert Crowley]]
* [[Abraham de la Pryme]]
* [[Henry Duncan|Rev. Dr. Henry Duncan]]
* [[John Foxe]]
* [[Richard Grafton]]
* [[Anthony Charles Harris]]
* [[Robert Stephen Hawker]]
* [[Montague Rhodes James]]
* [[Maurice Johnson]]
* [[John Leland]] – appointed Royal Antiquarian to King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]
* [[Edward Lhuyd]] in 1533
* [[H. P. Lovecraft]]
* [[William Collings Lukis]]
* [[Herman H. J. Lynge]]
* [[Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh]]
* [[Philip Norman]]
* [[Peregrine O'Duignan]]
* [[Ruaidhri O Flaithbheartaigh]]
* [[Dorning Rasbotham]]
* [[Fred Rosenstock]]
* [[William Forbes Skene]]
* [[John Stow]]
* [[George Vertue]]
* [[Ole Worm|Olaus Wormius]]
* [[Thomas Wright (antiquarian)|Thomas Wright]]
== See also ==
* [[Historian]]
* [[Cabinet of curiousities]]
* ''[[The Antiquary]]'' by Sir [[Walter Scott]]
== References ==
* {{1911}}
==External links==
*[http://www.americanantiquarian.org/ American Antiquarian Society]
*[http://www.antiquarianbooknews.com/ Antiquarian Book News]
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