Antoine Jérôme Balard
191838
225086754
2008-07-11T20:30:02Z
Plindenbaum
2796168
/* References */
{{Infobox Scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|box_width =
|image =Antoine-Jerome Balard.jpg
|image_width =150px
|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|birth_date = [[September 30]], [[1802]]
|birth_place = [[Montpellier]]
|death_date = [[April 30]], [[1876]]
|death_place = [[Paris]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[France|French]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[chemistry]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[bromine]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced = [[Marcellin Pierre Eugène Berthelot|M.P.E. Berthelot]]
|prizes =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}'''Antoine Jérôme Balard''' ([[September 30]], [[1802]] - [[April 30]], [[1876]]) was a [[France|French]] [[chemist]] and the discoverer of [[bromine]].
Born at [[Montpellier]], he started as an [[apothecary]], but taking up teaching he acted as chemical assistant at the faculty of sciences of his native town, and then became professor of chemistry at the royal college and school of pharmacy and at the faculty of sciences. In [[1826]] he discovered in sea-water a substance which he recognized as a previously unknown element and named [[bromine]].
This achievement brought him the reputation that secured his election as successor to [[ L. J. Thenard]] in the chair of chemistry at the faculty of sciences in [[Paris]], and in [[1851]] he was appointed professor of chemistry at the College de France, where he had [[Marcellin Pierre Eugène Berthelot|M.P.E. Berthelot]] first as pupil, then as assistant and finally as colleague. Balard also had Louis Pasteur as a pupil when Pasteur was only 26 years old. It was in Balard's laboratory that Pasteur discovered the difference between "right-handed" and "left-handed" crystals while he was working with tartaric acid. Balard died in [[Paris]] in 1876.
While the discovery of bromine and the preparation of many of its compounds was his most conspicuous piece of work, Balard was an industrious chemist on both the pure and applied sides. In his researches on the [[bleaching]] compounds of [[chlorine]] he was the first to advance the view that bleaching-powder is a double compound of [[calcium chloride]] and hypochlorite; and he devoted much time to the problem of economically obtaining [[sodium hydroxide|soda]] and [[potash]] from seawater, though here his efforts were nullified by the discovery of the much richer sources of supply afforded by the [[Stassfurt]] deposits. In [[organic chemistry]] he published papers on the decomposition of ammonium [[oxalate]], with formation of oxamic acid, on [[amyl alcohol]], on the [[cyanide]]s, and on the difference in constitution between [[nitric ether]] and [[sulphuric ether]]. He also helped [[Louis Pasteur]] devise the experiment that would prove spontaneous generation to be false.
==References==
*{{1911}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Charlot
|first=Colette
|authorlink=
|year=[[2008]]|month=Feb.
|title=A.J. Balard, the bromium discoverer
|journal=[[Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie]]
|volume=55
|issue=356
|pages=495-504
|publisher= |location = [[France]]| issn = 0035-2349| pmid = 18549189
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Charlot
|first=Colette
|authorlink=
|coauthors=Flahaut Jean
|year=[[2003]]
|month=
|title=Antoine Jérôme Balard. The man
|journal=[[Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie]]
|volume=51
|issue=338
|pages=251–64
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 14606485
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Balard, Antoine Jérôme}}
[[Category:1802 births]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:French chemists]]
[[Category:Discoverers of chemical elements]]
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