Apoidea
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2008-04-16T17:29:30Z
Polinizador
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/* References */
{{Taxobox
| name = Apoidea
| image = Bee PD foto explained1.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Apis mellifera]]'', the Western Honeybee
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]
| subordo = [[Apocrita]]
| superfamilia = '''Apoidea'''
| subdivision_ranks = Series and families
| subdivision =
[[Spheciformes]]
*[[Ampulicidae]]
*[[Crabronidae]]
*[[Heterogynaidae]]
*[[Sphecidae]]
[[Bee|Anthophila]]
*[[Andrenidae]]
*[[Apidae]]
*[[Colletidae]]
*[[Dasypodaidae]]
*[[Halictidae]]
*[[Megachilidae]]
*[[Meganomiidae]]
*[[Melittidae]]
*[[Stenotritidae]]
}}
The [[superfamily (biology)|superfamily]] '''Apoidea''' is a major group within the [[Hymenoptera]], which includes two traditionally-recognized lineages, the "[[sphecidae|sphecoid]]" [[wasp]]s, and the [[bee]]s, who appear to be their descendants.
== Nomenclature ==
Bees appear in recent classifications to be a specialized lineage of [[Crabronidae|crabronid]] wasps that switched to the use of [[pollen]] and [[nectar]] as [[larva]]l food, rather than [[insect]] prey; this presumably makes Crabronidae a [[paraphyletic]] group. Accordingly, bees and sphecoids are now all grouped together in a single superfamily, and the older available name is "Apoidea" rather than "[[Sphecoidea]]" (which, like [[Spheciformes]], has been used in the past, but also defined a [[paraphyletic]] group and has been abandoned).
As the bees themselves (not including their wasp ancestors) are still considered a [[monophyletic]] group, it is still convenient to use a grouping between superfamily and family to unify all bees. A few recent classifications have addressed this problem by lumping all bee families together into a single large family [[Apidae]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, though this has not met with widespread acceptance. The alternative classification in more common use is to unite all bees under the name [[Bee|Anthophila]] (Engel, 2005), which is equivalent to the obsolete name [[Apiformes]] (which meant ''bee-like forms'' in [[Latin]]).
==External links==
* [http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Apoidea All Living Things] Images, identification guides, and maps of Apoidea.
* [http://www.earthlife.net/insects/solbees.html Solitary Bees]Popular introduction to the Hymenoptera Apoidea.
* [http://www.bombus.it/pdf/fiori_e_api/fiori_e_api.pdf Fiori e Api d'Albore and Intoppa]Flower visiting bees in Europe pdf. In Italian but excellent table with Latin names.
==References==
*[[Michael S. Engel|Engel, M.S.]] (2005). Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). ''American Museum Novitates'' 3476: 1-33.
*{{cite book|author=[[David Grimaldi|Grimaldi, D.]] and [[Michael S. Engel|Engel, M.S.]] |title=Evolution of the Insects|year=[[2005]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|id=ISBN 0-521-82149-5}}
*[[Charles D. Michener|Michener, C.D.]] (2000). ''The Bees of the World''. Johns Hopkins University Press.
[[Category:Wasps]]
[[Category:Apoidea]]
[[Category:Hymenoptera]]
[[Category:Pollinators]]
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