Apolipoprotein
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2008-06-03T04:01:34Z
タチコマ robot
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robot Adding: [[pl:Apolipoproteina]]
'''Apolipoproteins''' are lipid-binding proteins that are the constituents of the plasma [[lipoproteins]], sub-microscopic spherical particles that transport dietary [[lipids]] through the bloodstream from the intestine to the liver, and endogenously synthesized lipids from the liver to tissues that can store them ([[adipocytes]]), metabolize them ([[muscle]], [[heart]], [[lung]]), or secrete them ([[breast]]).
The [[amphipathic]] (detergent-like) properties of apolipoproteins solubilize the [[hydrophobic]] lipid constituents of lipoproteins, but apolipoproteins also serve as enzyme co-factors, receptor ligands, and lipid transfer carriers that regulate the intravascular metabolism of lipoproteins and their ultimate tissue uptake.
==Classes==
There are six major classes of apolipoproteins, and several sub-classes:
* A (apo [[Apolipoprotein A1|A-I]], apo [[Apolipoprotein A2|A-II]], apo A-IV, and apo [[APOA5|A-V]])
* B ([[Apolipoprotein B|apo B48 and apo B100]])
* C (apo [[Apolipoprotein C1|C-I]], apo [[Apolipoprotein C2|C-II]], apo [[Apolipoprotein C3|C-III]], and apo [[Apolipoprotein C4|C-IV]])
* D
* [[Apolipoprotein E|E]]
* [[Apolipoprotein H|H]]
Hundreds of genetic [[Polymorphism (biology)|polymorphisms]] of the apolipoproteins have been described, and many of them alter their structure and function.
==Synthesis and regulation==
Apolipoprotein synthesis in the intestine is regulated principally by the fat content of the diet.
Apolipoprotein synthesis in the liver is controlled by a host of factors, including dietary composition, [[hormones]] ([[insulin]], [[glucagon]], [[thyroxin]], [[estrogens]], [[androgens]]), [[alcohol]] intake, and various drugs ([[statins]], [[niacin]],and [[fibric acids]]).
==See also==
* [[Apoprotein]]
== External links ==
* [http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/hugenet/reviews/APOEcardio.htm HuGENet Review]
* [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/information/apolipoprotein.html Apolipoprotein AI Mutations and Information]
*[http://www.mabtech.com Human Apolipoprotein A1 and B for ELISA, ELISpot]
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[[Category:Apolipoproteins]]
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