Apple I
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2008-07-15T19:22:39Z
Dgies
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link [[Homebrew Computer Club]]
{{Original research|date=June 2008}}
{{ infobox computer
| Name = Apple I (Apple-1)
| Logo =
| Photo = [[Image:Apple I.jpg|250px|Apple I computer]]
| Caption =
| Type = [[Personal computer]]
| Developer = [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer, Inc.]]
| Released = July, [[1976]]
| Discontinued = September, [[1977]]
| Processor = [[MOS Technology 6502|MOS 6502]] @ [[megahertz|1 MHz]]
| Memory = 4 [[kilobyte|KB]] standard<br />expandable to 8 KB or 48 KB using expansion cards
| Graphics = 40×24 characters, hardware-implemented scrolling
| Baseprice = [[United States dollar|US$]]666.66
| Website =
}}
The '''Apple I''', also known as the '''Apple-1''', was an early [[personal computer]]. They were designed and [[Handicraft|hand-built]] by [[Steve Wozniak]].<ref>[http://www.ioltechnology.co.za/article_page.php?iSectionId=2892&iArticleId=3456594 IOL Technology - Co-founder tells his side of Apple story]</ref><ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6167297 NPR : A Chat with Computing Pioneer Steve Wozniak]</ref> Wozniak's friend [[Steve Jobs]] had the idea of selling the computer. The Apple I was [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s first product, demonstrated in April 1976 at the [[Homebrew Computer Club]] in Palo Alto, California. It went on sale in July 1976 at a price of $666.66<ref>Approximately $2,427.58 in 2007 dollars, using [http://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/ CPI inflation]</ref>, because Wozniak liked repeating digits<ref name="iWoz">[[Steve Wozniak|Wozniak, Steven]]: "[[iWoz]]", page 180. [[W. W. Norton]], 2006. ISBN 13:978-0-393-06143-7</ref> and because they originally sold it to a local shop for $500 and added a one-third markup. About 200 units were produced. Unlike other hobbyist computers of its day, which were sold as kits, the Apple I was a fully assembled circuit board containing about 30 chips. However, to make a working computer, users still had to add a case, power supply, keyboard, and display. An optional board providing a cassette interface for storage was later released at a cost of $75.
The Apple I is sometimes credited as the first personal computer to be sold in fully assembled form; however, some argue that the honor rightfully belongs to other machines, such as the [[MOS Technology]] [[KIM-1]], [[Datapoint 2200]], or more commonly the [[Altair 8800]] (which could be bought in kit or assembled form for extra cost). One major difference sets the Apple I apart — it was the first personal computer to use a keyboard.
[[Image:Woz notebook.png|thumb|left|Excerpt from the later Apple II 'Red' manual, including [[Steve Wozniak]]'s handwritten diagrams for the definition of shape tables]]
The Apple I's built-in [[computer terminal]] circuitry was distinctive. All one needed was a [[Keyboard (computing)|keyboard]] and an inexpensive [[video monitor]]. Competing machines such as the Altair 8800 generally were programmed with front-mounted toggle switches and used indicator lights (red [[light-emitting diode|LED]]s, most commonly) for output, and had to be extended with separate hardware to allow connection to a computer terminal or a [[ASR33|teletype machine]]. This made the Apple I an innovative machine for its day. In April 1977 the price was dropped to $475.<ref>http://www.applefritter.com/node/2703</ref>. It continued to be sold through August 1977, despite the introduction of the [[Apple II]] in April 1977, which began shipping in June of that year.<ref>http://www.applefritter.com/node/2715</ref> The Apple II was otherwise identical to the Apple I, except it added more [[Random access memory|RAM]], color graphics, sound capabilities, additional expansion slots and was notably contained in a styled plastic case with an integrated keyboard. Apple had dropped the Apple 1 from its price list by October 1977, officially discontinuing it.<ref>http://www.applefritter.com/node/2707</ref>
As of [[as of 2008|2008]], an estimated 30 to 50 Apple Is are still known to exist, making it a very rare [[collector's item]]. An Apple I reportedly sold for $50,000 at auction in 1999; however, a more typical price for an Apple I is in the $14,000–$16,000 range. A software-compatible clone of the Apple I ([[Replica 1]]) produced using modern components, was released in 2003 at a price of around $200. <ref>[http://www.applefritter.com/briel replica 1 | Applefritter<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
{{Timeline of Apple II Family|headerextension==}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* Price, Rob, So Far:the First Ten Years of a Vision, Apple Computer, Cupertino, CA, 1987, ISBN 1-55693-974-4
* Owad, Tom (2005). ''[http://www.applefritter.com/replica Apple I Replica Creation: Back to the Garage.]'' Rockland, MA: Syngress Publishing. Copyright © 2005. ISBN 1-931836-40-X
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Apple I}}
*[http://www.applefritter.com/apple1 Apple I Owners Club]
*[http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/0509.html Macintosh Prehistory: The Apple I]
*[http://www.brielcomputers.com The Replica-1 The original Apple 1 clone]
*[http://www.achatz.nl A-ONE a new Apple 1 clone]
*[http://www.sbprojects.com/projects/apple1/ My Apple I project on www.sbprojects.com]
*[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Apple/Apple.AppleI.1976.102646518.pdf Apple I Operational Manual]
*[http://www.mess.org/ MESS, Multi-System Emulator which supports Apple I]
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|state = uncollapsed
|title = Apple Model Navigation
|colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver;
|colwidth = 25%
|col1header = Replaced
|col2header = Current Model
|col3header = Successor
|col1 = <br>none<br>
|col2 = <br>Apple I<br>
|col3 = [[Apple II series|Apple II]]<br><br>[[Apple II series|Apple II]]
|col1footer = Preceding Family Model
|col2footer = [[1976]]
|col3footer = Following Family Model
}}
{{Apple hardware before 1998}}
[[Category:1976 introductions]]
[[Category:Apple II family]]
[[Category:Apple Inc. hardware]]
[[Category:Early microcomputers]]
[[Category:Industrial design examples]]
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