Arab League 52625 225901426 2008-07-15T22:53:24Z Tomeasy 5540175 /* Economy */ merge to mini paragraphs; the previous edit wa mine too <!-- Use en-UK spelling --> {{Infobox Country |native_name = <big>جامعة الدول العربية</big> <br> ''Jāma{{Unicode|ʻat ad-Duwal al-ʻ}}Arabiyya'' |name = League of Arab States |linking_name = the Arab League |image_flag = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |image_map = Map of League of Arab States countries.png|mapwidth=225px |symbol_type = Emblem |image_symbol = League of Arab States Emblem.svg |membership = 22 [[Arab world|Arab]] states<br/> 3 observer states |admin_center_type = [[Headquarters of the Arab League|Headquarters]] |admin_center = [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]{{smallsup|1}} |largest_settlement_type = cities |[[largest settlement]] = [[Riyadh]], [[Cairo]], [[Baghdad]], [[Casablanca]], [[Damascus]], [[Khartoum]], [[Alexandria]], [[Dubai]], [[Beirut]] |established_event1 = [[Alexandria Protocol]] |established_date1 = [[March 22]], [[1945]] |languages_type = Official languages |languages = [[Arabic]] |leader_title1 = Secretary General |leader_name1 = [[Amr Moussa]] <small>(since 2001)</small> |leader_title2 = Council of<br/>the Arab League |leader_name2 = <br/>[[Syria]] |leader_title3 = Speaker of<br/>the [[Arab Parliament]] |leader_name3 = <br/>[[Nabih Berri]] |area_label = Total area with Western Sahara |area_km2 = 13953041 |area_sq_mi = 5382910 |area_label2 = Area excluding Western Sahara |area_data2 = 13,687,041 km{{smallsup|2}} ( 5,280,291 sq mi) |area_magnitude = 1 E13 |area_rank = 2nd{{smallsup|2}} |population_estimate = 339,510,535 |population_estimate_year = 2007 |population_estimate_rank = 3rd{{smallsup|2}} |population_density_km2 = 24.33 |population_density_rank = |population_density_sq_mi = |GDP_PPP = $2,364,871 million |GDP_PPP_year = 2007 |GDP_PPP_rank = 6th{{smallsup|2}} |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 70th |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |HDI = |HDI_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_category = |currency = see footnote 3 below |time_zone = |utc_offset = +0 to +4 |official_website ={{ar icon}}&nbsp;http://arableagueonline.org/ |footnote1 = From 1979 to 1989: [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]]. |footnote2 = If ranked. |footnote3 = [[ISO 4217]] codes bracketed:<br/> [[Algerian dinar]]&nbsp;(DZB)&nbsp;• [[Bahraini dinar]]&nbsp;(BHD)&nbsp;• [[Comorian franc]]&nbsp;(KMF)&nbsp;• [[Djiboutian franc]]&nbsp;(DJF)&nbsp;• [[Egyptian pound]]&nbsp;(EGP)&nbsp;• [[Iraqi dinar]]&nbsp;(IQD)&nbsp;• [[Jordanian dinar]]&nbsp;(JD)&nbsp;• [[Kuwaiti dinar]]&nbsp;(KWD)&nbsp;• [[Lebanese livre]]&nbsp;(LL,&nbsp;LBP)&nbsp;• [[Libyan dinar]]&nbsp;(LYD)&nbsp;• [[Mauritanian ouguiya]]&nbsp;(MRO)&nbsp;• [[Moroccan dirham]]&nbsp;(MAD)&nbsp;• [[Omani rial]]&nbsp;(OMR)&nbsp;• [[Qatari riyal]]&nbsp;(QAR)&nbsp;• [[Saudi riyal]]&nbsp;(SAR)&nbsp;• [[Somali shilling]]&nbsp;(SOS)&nbsp;• [[Sudanese pound]]&nbsp;(SDD)&nbsp;• [[Syrian pound]]&nbsp;(SYP)&nbsp;• [[Tunisian dinar]]&nbsp;(TND)&nbsp;• [[United Arab Emirates dirham]]&nbsp;(AED)&nbsp;• [[Yemeni rial]]&nbsp;(YER) }} {{Life in the Arab League}} The '''Arab League''' ({{lang-ar|'''الجامعة العربية'''}}), officially called the '''League of Arab States''' ({{lang-ar|'''جامعة الدول العربية'''}}), is a regional organization of Arab states in [[Southwest Asia]], and [[North Africa|North]] and [[Horn of Africa|Northeast Africa]]. It was formed in Cairo on [[March 22]], [[1945]] with six members: [[Egypt]], [[Iraq]], [[Transjordan]] (renamed [[Jordan]] after 1946), [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], and [[Syria]]. [[Yemen]] joined as a member on [[May 5]], [[1945]]. The Arab League currently has [[#Members and dates|22 members]]. The main goal of the league is to:<ref name="yale">{{cite web | coauthors = Head of states of the founding members | title = Pact of the League of Arab States, March 22, 1945 | work = The Avalon Project | publisher = Yale Law School | date = 1998 | url = http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/arableag.htm | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> {{cquote|draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries.}} The Arab League is involved in political, economic, cultural, and social programs designed to promote the interests of its member states. It has served as a forum for the member states to coordinate their policy positions, to deliberate on matters of common concern, to settle some Arab disputes, and to limit conflicts such as the [[1958 Lebanon crisis]]. The league has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of many landmark documents promoting economic integration. One example is the ''[[Joint Arab Economic Action Charter]]'' which sets out the principles for economic activities in the region. The Arab league has played an important role in shaping school curricula; advancing the role of women in the Arab societies; promoting child welfare; encouraging youth and sports programs; preserving Arab cultural heritage and fostering cultural exchanges between the member states. Literacy campaigns have been launched, intellectual works reproduced, and modern technical terminology is translated for the use within member states. The league encourages measures against crime and drug abuse, and deals with labor issues—particularly among the emigrant Arab workforce. Each member state has one vote in the ''League Council'', while decisions are binding only for those states that have voted for them. The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political, cultural, economic, and social programs of its members, and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties. Furthermore, the signing of an agreement on ''Joint Defense and Economic Cooperation'' on [[13 April]] [[1950]] committed the signatories to coordination of military defense measures. ==Members and dates== {{Main|Enlargement of the Arab League}} The Arab League was founded in Cairo in 1945 by [[Egypt]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Syria]], [[Transjordan]] ([[Jordan]] from 1946), and [[Yemen]]. There was a continual [[Enlargement of the Arab League|increase in membership]] during the second half of the 20th&nbsp;century, with additional 15 Arab states and 3 observers being admitted. Egypt's membership was suspended in 1979 after it signed the [[Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty]], and the League's headquarters were moved from Cairo to Tunis. In 1987, Arab countries restored diplomatic relations with Egypt and the country was readmitted to the league in 1989 while the league's headquarters moved back to Cairo. In September 2006, [[Venezuela]] was accepted as an observer, and India in 2007. The current members and ''observers'' of the Arab League are listed below along with their [[Enlargement of the Arab League|admission dates]]. [[Image:Arab League members colored by joining date.svg|thumb|Joining dates of member states; the Comoros (circled) joined in 1993.<br/> <span style="border:solid 1px #000;padding:1px 5px;background:#f4eed7;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 40's <span style="border:solid 1px #000;padding:1px 5px;background:#decd87;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 50's <span style="border:solid 1px #000;padding:1px 5px;background:#c8ab37;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 60's <span style="border:solid 1px #000;padding:1px 5px;background:#786721;color:white;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 70's]] {| style="background:transparent; font-size:95%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="white-space:nowrap;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" | {{EGY}}<ref name=alo>[http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/english/details_en.jsp?art_id=853&level_id=11 League of Arab States], Official Website, accessed [[12 June]], [[2007]].</ref><br/> {{IRQ}}<ref name=alo/><br/> {{JOR}}<ref name=alo/><sup>b</sup><br/> {{LBN}}<ref name=alo/><br/> {{SAU}}<ref name=alo/>{{spaces|2}}<br/> {{SYR}}<ref name=alo/>} |align="right"| [[March 22]] [[1945]]<sup>a</sup> |- | {{YEM}} ||align="right"| [[May 5]] [[1945]]</tr> | {{LBA}} ||align="right"| [[March 28]] [[1953]]<sup>c</sup></tr> | {{SUD}} ||align="right"| [[January 19]] [[1956]]</tr> | {{MAR}}<sup>d</sup><br/>{{TUN}} ||align="right"| [[October 1]] [[1958]]</tr> | {{KWT}} ||align="right"| [[July 20]] [[1961]]</tr> | {{ALG}} ||align="right"| [[August 16]] [[1962]]</tr> |} | {| class="wikitable" style="white-space:nowrap;" colspacing="0" colpadding="0" | {{flagcountry|UAE|name=UAE}} ||align="right"| [[June 12]] [[1972]]</tr> | {{BHR}}<br/>{{QAT}} ||align="right"| [[September 11]] [[1971]]</tr> | {{OMN}} ||align="right"| [[September 29]] [[1971]]</tr> | {{MTN}}{{spaces|2}} ||align="right"| [[November 26]] [[1973]]</tr> | {{SOM}} ||align="right"| [[February 14]] [[1974]]</tr> | {{flagicon|PSE}}&nbsp;[[State of Palestine|Palestine]]<ref name=alo>[http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/english/details_en.jsp?art_id=847&level_id=11 League of Arab States], Official Website, accessed [[12 June]], [[2007]].</ref><sup>e</sup> ||align="right"| [[September 9]] [[1976]]</tr> | {{DJI}} ||align="right"| [[April 9]] [[1977]]</tr> | {{COM}} ||align="right"| [[November 20]] [[1993]]</tr> | ''{{ERI}}'' ||align="right"| observer since 2003<ref name = "eritrea">{{cite web | title = Eritrea Joins Arab League As Observer | publisher = The Somaliland Times | date= 2003-01-17 | url = http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/52/5214.htm | accessdate = 2007-06-13 }}</ref></tr> | ''{{VEN}}'' ||align="right"| observer since 2006<ref>{{cite web | title = Arab League accepts Venezuela as observer | publisher = [[People's Daily Online]] | date= 2006-07-18 | url = http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/18/eng20060718_284210.html | accessdate = 2007-10-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Venezuela Receives Arab League Support for UN Security Council Seat | publisher = venezuelanalysis.com | date= 2006-07-19 | url = http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/news/1844 | accessdate = 2007-10-17 }}</ref></tr> | ''{{IND}}'' ||align="right"| observer since 2007<ref>{{cite web | title = India invited as observer for Arab League summit | publisher = [[Press Trust of India]] | date= 2007-03-27 | url = http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=83760 | accessdate = 2007-06-13 }}</ref></tr> |} |- |colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;"| <sup>a</sup> Date of foundation.<br/> <sup>b</sup> As [[Transjordan]].<br/> <sup>c</sup> Libya announced its withdrawal on [[October 24]], [[2002]], which would have been effective one year later; however, Libya then retracted its decision to withdraw on [[January 16]], [[2003]], reaffirmed it on [[April 3]], [[2003]], before retracting it again on [[May 25]], [[2003]].<br/> <sup>d</sup> The [[sovereignty]] of [[Western Sahara]] is disputed between [[Morocco]] and the [[Polisario Front]]'s [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] government. The Arab League recognizes it as a part of Morocco.<br/> <sup>e</sup> Representatives from the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO). |} [[Israel]] is not a member despite [[Arab citizens of Israel|20% of its population]] being of Arab origin and Arabic being an [[Languages of Israel|official language]]. Neither is [[Chad]] a member, although Arabic is in both [[Languages of Chad|official and vernacular use]] there. ==Geography== [[Image:AL size.png|thumb|200px|right|Surface area of the Arab League compared to other geographical entities]] {{main|Geography of the Arab League}} The area of members of the Arab League covers around 14 million km<sup>2</sup> and straddles two continents: [[Western Asia]] as well as [[North Africa|Northern]] and [[Horn of Africa|Northeastern Africa]]. The area consists of large arid deserts, namely the [[Sahara]]. Nevertheless, it also contains several very fertile lands, such as the [[Nile]] Valley, the High [[Atlas Mountains]], and the [[Fertile Crescent]] which stretches from [[Iraq]] over [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]] to [[Palestine]]. The area comprises also deep forests in southern Arabia and southern [[Sudan]] as well as the major parts of the world's longest river—the Nile. The area has witnessed the rise and fall of many ancient civilizations: [[Ancient Egypt]], [[Assyria]], [[Babylon]], [[Phoenicia]], [[Carthage]], [[Kush]], and [[Nabateans]]. ==Governance== [[Image:Provinces - Arab League.PNG|left|thumb|200xp|Administrative devisions in the Arab League]] The Charter of the Arab League<ref name="yale"/> endorsed the principle of an [[Pan-Arabism|Arab homeland]] while respecting the [[sovereignty]] of the individual member states. The internal regulations of the Council of the League<ref name="haynes">{{cite web | title = Internal Regulations of the Council of the League of Arab States | work = Model League of Arab States | publisher = Ed Haynes, Winthrop University | date = 1998-04-06 | url = http://faculty.winthrop.edu/haynese/mlas/CouncilRegs.html | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> and the committees<ref name="haynes2">{{cite web | title = Internal Regulations of the Committees of the League of Arab States | work = Model League of Arab States | publisher = Ed Haynes, Winthrop University | date = 1998-04-06 | url = http://faculty.winthrop.edu/haynese/mlas/CmteeRegs.html | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> were agreed in October 1951. Those of the Secretariat-General were agreed in May 1953.<ref name="haynes3">{{cite web | title = Internal Regulations of the Secretariat-General of the League | work = Model League of Arab States | publisher = Ed Haynes, Winthrop University | date = 1998-04-06 | url = http://faculty.winthrop.edu/haynese/mlas/SecGenRegs.html | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> Since then, governance of the Arab League has been based on the duality of supra-national institutions and the sovereignty of the member states. Preservation of individual statehood derived its strengths from the natural preference of ruling elites to maintain their power and independence in decision making. Moreover, the fear of the richer that the poorer may share their wealth in the name of [[Arab nationalism]], the feuds among Arab rulers, and the influence of external powers that might oppose Arab unity can be seen as obstacles towards a deeper integration of the league. ==Economy== {{Main|Economy of the Arab League}} The Arab League is rich in resources, with enormous [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] resources; it also has great fertile lands in South of the [[Sudan]], usually referred to as the food basket of the [[Arab World]]. The region's instability has not affected its tourism industry, that is considered the fastest growing industry in the region, with [[Egypt]], [[UAE]], [[Lebanon]], [[Tunisia]], and [[Jordan]] leading the way. Another industry that is growing steadily in the Arab League is telecommunications. Within less than a decade, local companies such as [[Orascom]] and [[Etisalat]] have managed to compete internationally. Economic achievements initiated by the League amongst member states have been less impressive than those achieved by other smaller Arab organizations such as the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC). However, several promising major economic projects are set to be completed soon. Among them is the [[Arab Gas Pipeline]], scheduled to be accomplished in 2010. It will transport Egyptian and Iraqi gas to Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey. The [[Greater Arab Free Trade Area]] (GAFTA), planned to come into effect on [[January 1]] [[2008]], will render 95% of all Arab products free of customs.<!-- I am not sure whether this statement, about coming into effect in 2008, is really correct --> Economic development in the Arab League is very disparate. Significant difference in wealth and economic conditions exist between the rich oil states of [[UAE]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]], and [[Bahrain]] on the one hand, and poor countries like the [[Comoros]], [[Mauritania]], and [[Djibouti]] on the other hand. Arab economic funding is under development. As an example, the Arab League agreed to support the Sudanese region of [[Darfur]] with 500 million dollars, and Egyptian and Libyan companies are planning to build several wells in this dry area. ===List of member states by GDP=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right; ! Country || GDP (PPP) US$MM || GDP (PPP) US$ per capita |- |align=left|{{AL}}||'''2,323,453'''||'''6,800''' |- |align=left|{{SAU}}||572,200||20,700 |- |align=left|{{EGY}}||431,900||5,400 |- |align=left|{{ALG}}||268,900||8,100 |- |align=left|{{ARE}}||145,800||55,200 |- |align=left|{{KUW}}||138,600||55,300 |- |align=left|{{MAR}}||127,000||3,800 |- |align=left|{{SUD}}||107,800||2,500 |- |align=left|{{IRQ}}||89,800||2,900 |- |align=left|{{SYR}}||86,590||4,500 |- |align=left|{{LBA}}||78,790||13,100 |- |align=left|{{TUN}}||77,160||7,500 |- |align=left|{{QAT}}||68,870||75,900 |- |align=left|{{OMN}}||61,210||19,100 |- |align=left|{{YEM}}||52,610||2,400 |- |align=left|{{LBN}}||42,271||10,400 |- |align=left|{{JOR}}||28,180||4,700 |- |align=left|{{BHR}}||24,610||34,700 |- |align=left|{{MRT}}||5,818||1,800 |- |align=left|{{SOM}}||5,575||600 |- |align=left|{{DJI}}||1,878||1,000 |- |align=left|{{COM}}||1,262||600 |} ==Status of Palestine== {{see|Arab Peace Initiative}} Mindful of their previous announcements in support of the Arabs of [[Palestine]] the framers of the Pact were determined to include them within the league from its inauguration.<ref name=geddes>Geddes, 1991, p. 208.</ref> This was done by means of an annex that declared:<ref name="yale"/> {{cquote|Even though Palestine was not able to control her own destiny, it was on the basis of the recognition of her independence that the Covenant of the League of Nations determined a system of government for her. Her existence and her independence among the nations can, therefore, no more be questioned ''de jure'' than the independence of any of the other Arab States. [...] Therefore, the States signatory to the Pact of the Arab League consider that in view of Palestine's special circumstances, the Council of the League should designate an Arab delegate from Palestine to participate in its work until this country enjoys actual independence}} At the [[Cairo Summit]] of 1964, the Arab League initiated the creation of an organization representing the Palestinian people. The first [[Palestinian National Council]] convened in [[East Jerusalem]] on [[29 May]] [[1964]]. The [[Palestinian Liberation Organization]] was founded during this meeting on [[2 June]] [[1964]]. At the [[Beirut Summit]] on [[28 March]] [[2002]] the league adopted the Arab Peace Initiative,<ref name="al-bab">{{cite web | coauthors = Council of Arab States | title = The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002 | publisher = al-bab.com | date = 2005-10-01 | url = http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league/peace02.htm | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> a Saudi-inspired peace plan for the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]. The initiative offered full normalization of the relations with [[Israel]]. In exchange, Israel was demanded to withdraw from all [[occupied territories]], including the [[Golan Heights]], to recognize an independent [[Palestine|Palestinian]] state in the [[West Bank]] and the [[Gaza Strip]] with East Jerusalem as its capital, as well as a "just solution" for the [[Palestinian refugees]]. The Peace Initiative was again endorsed at 2007 in the [[Riyadh Summit]]. In July 2007, the Arab League sent a mission, consisting of the [[Jordan]]ian and [[Egypt]]ian foreign ministers, to Israel to promote the initiative. The mission was welcomed with reservations by Israel.{{fact}} ==Demographics of the Arab League== {{Main|Demographics of the Arab League}} [[Image:Dubai night skyline.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dubai]] at night]] The Arab League is a culturally and ethnically diverse association of 22 member states. As of [[1 January]] [[2007]], about 314,000,000 people live in the states of the Arab League. Its population grows faster than in most other global regions. This threatens to diminish the slow economic expansion expected in the league's developing countries.{{fact}} The most populous member state is [[Egypt]], with a population of about 80 million. The least populated is [[Djibouti]], with about 500,000 inhabitants. Most of the [[Gulf states]] have large populations of foreign laborers. The [[UAE]]'s Arab population counts for less than 20% of its total population, while 50% originate from South- and [[Southeast Asia]].{{fact}} Some Gulf states also import cheap Arab labor, mainly from [[Egypt]], [[Yemen]], and [[Somalia]]. Since large parts of the Arab League are deserts, the population is concentrated in and around cities where most the trade and industry are located. The largest [[Arab cities]] are [[Cairo]], followed by [[Baghdad]], [[Khartoum]], [[Damascus]], [[Riyadh]], and [[Casablanca]]. ==Comparisons with other organizations== [[Image:Arab League Stamps2.PNG|thumb|250px|right|A [[UAR]] stamp commemorating important Arab League dates]] The Arab League resembles the [[Organization of American States]], the [[Council of Europe]], and the [[African Union]], in that it has primarily political aims. However, membership in the league is based on culture rather than geographical location. In this respect, the Arab League resembles organizations such as the [[Latin Union]]. The Arab League differs notably from the [[European Union]], in that it has not achieved a significant degree of regional integration and the organization itself has no direct relations with the citizens of its member states. However, the Arab League is based on principles that support and promote a unified Arab nationalism and a common position among Arabic states on various issues. In this respect, it contrasts the African Union where unified nationalism is impossible due to the heterogeneity of its members. All Arab League members are also members of the [[Organisation of the Islamic Conference]]. In turn, the memberships of the smaller [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] and [[Arab Maghreb Union]] organizations are subsets of that of the league. == Secretaries General == {| style="background:transparent;" |width="200px"| {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam|Abdul Rahman Azzam]] ||align="right"| 1945 to 1952</tr> | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Abdul Khalek Hassouna]] ||align="right"| 1952 to 1972</tr> | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Mahmoud Riad]] ||align="right"| 1972 to 1979</tr> | {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Chedli Klibi]] ||align="right"| 1979 to 1990</tr> | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Assad al-Assad]] ||align="right"| 1990 to 1991</tr> | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Ahmad Esmat Abd al Meguid]] ||align="right"| 1991 to 2001</tr> | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Amr Moussa]] ||align="right"|2001 to Date </tr> |} ==Arab League Summits== #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)|Cairo]]: 13–17 Jan. 1964. #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Alexandria]]: 5–11 Sep. 1964. #{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[1965 Arab League summit|Casablanca]]: 13–17 Sep. 1965. #{{flagicon|Sudan}} [[1967 Arab League summit|Khartoum]]: 29 Aug. 1967. #{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Rabat]]: 21–23 Dec. 1969. #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[1970 Arab League summit|Cairo]] (first emergency summit): 21–27 Sep. 1970 #{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]]: 26–28 Nov.1973. #{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[1974 Arab League summit|Rabat]]: 29 Oct. 1974. #{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)|Riyadh]] (2nd emergency summit): 17–28 Oct. 1976. #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[1976 Arab League summit (Cairo)|Cairo]]: 25–26 Oct. 1976. #{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[1978 Arab League summit|Baghdad]]: 2–5 Nov.1978. #{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]]: 20–22 Nov. 1979. #{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]]: 21–22 Nov. 1980. #{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fes]]: 6–9 Sep. 1982. #{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]] (3rd emergency summit): 7–9 Sep. 1985 #{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]] (4th emergency summit): 8–12 Nov. 1987. #{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]] (5th emergency summit): 7–9 Jun. 1988. #{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]] (6th emergency summit): 23–26 Jun. 1989. #{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]] (7th emergency summit): 28–30 Mar. 1990. #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]] (8th emergency summit): 9–10 Aug. 1990 #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]] (9th emergency summit): 22–23 Jun. 1996. #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]] (10th emergency summit): 21–22 Oct. 2000. #{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]]: 27–28 Mar. 2001. #{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[2002 Arab League summit|Beirut]]: 27–28 Mar. 2002. #{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Sharm el-Sheikh]]: 1 Mar. 2003. #{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]]: 22–23 May. 2004. #{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]]: 22–23 Mar. 2005. #{{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Khartoum]]: 28–30 Mar. 2006. #{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[2007 Arab League summit|Riyadh]]: 27–28 Mar. 2007. #{{flagicon|Syria}} [[2008 Arab League summit|Damascus]]: 29–30 Mar. 2008. *Summit number 14 in Fes, Morocco occurred in two stages: **On [[25 November]] [[1981]]: The meeting ended without agreeing on the document and Egypt not shared in it.{{clarifyme}} It is considered the shortest summit, only lasting 5 hours. **On 6–[[9 September]] [[1982]]. * There are two summits in addition to those aforementioned, but they are not added to the system of Arab League summits: **[[Anshas]], Egypt: 28–[[29 May]] [[1946]]. **Beirut, Lebanon: [[13 November]] – [[15 November]] [[1956]]. ==See also== {{Columns-start|num=2}} *[[Arab Air Carriers Organization]] *[[Arab Chess Federation]] *[[Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development]] (AFESD) *[[Arab Inter-parliamentary Union]] *[[Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict]] *[[Arab Maghreb Union]] (UMA) *[[Arab Monetary Fund]] *[[Arab Organization for Industrialization]] *[[Arabic industrial development and mining organization]] *[[Federation of Arab Trade Unions and Labor Societies]] *[[General Arab Insurance Federation]] {{Column}} *[[General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries]] *[[Greater Arab Free Trade Area]] (GAFTA) *[[Gulf Cooperation Council]] (GCC) *[[International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions]] *[[Iran–Arab relations]] *[[Largest Cities of the Arab League]] *[[Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OAPEC) *[[Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]] (OPEC) *[[Pan Arab Games]] *[[Secretary General]] of the League of Arab States *[[Arab Parliament|Parliament of the Arab League]] {{Columns-end}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== *Geddes, Charles L. (1991). A Documentary History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-275-93858-1 ==External links== {{Wikisourcepar|Arab League Pact}} {{commons|League of Arab States}} *[http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/index_en.jsp Arab League] (official site <arab>, english version under construction) *[http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/league.htm Arab Gateway - The Arab League] summits and documents *{{dmoz|Society/Government/Multilateral/Regional/Arab_League/}} *[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations.html#Arab%20League World Statesmen - Arab League] <br/>{{Arab League|state=uncollapsed}} {{Supranationalism/World government topics|state=autocollapse}} <!--Categories--> [[Category:Arab League| ]] [[Category:International organizations]] [[Category:1945 establishments]] <!--Other languages--> [[ar:جامعة الدول العربية]] [[an:Liga Arabe]] [[ast:Lliga d'Estaos Árabes]] [[az:Ərəb Birliyi]] [[bn:আরব লীগ]] [[be-x-old:Арабская ліга]] [[bs:Arapska liga]] [[bg:Лига на арабските държави]] [[ca:Lliga Àrab]] [[cs:Liga arabských států]] [[cy:Y Cynghrair Arabaidd]] [[da:Den Arabiske Liga]] [[de:Arabische Liga]] [[el:Αραβικός Σύνδεσμος]] [[es:Liga Árabe]] [[eo:Ligo de Arabaj Ŝtatoj]] [[eu:Arabiar Liga]] [[fr:Ligue arabe]] [[gv:Yn Commeeys Arabagh]] [[gl:Liga Árabe]] [[hr:Arapska liga]] [[id:Liga Arab]] [[is:Arababandalagið]] [[it:Lega Araba]] [[he:הליגה הערבית]] [[kk:Араб жамағаты]] [[sw:Jumuiya ya Nchi za Kiarabu]] [[lij:Lega Àraba]] [[hu:Arab Liga]] [[ms:Liga Arab]] [[nl:Arabische Liga]] [[ja:アラブ連盟]] [[no:Den arabiske liga]] [[nn:Den arabiske ligaen]] [[nrm:Ligue Arabe]] [[pl:Liga Państw Arabskich]] [[pt:Liga Árabe]] [[ro:Liga Arabă]] [[ru:Лига арабских государств]] [[scn:Liga Àrabba]] [[simple:Arab League]] [[sk:Liga arabských štátov]] [[sl:Arabska liga]] [[sr:Арапска лига]] [[sh:Arapska liga]] [[fi:Arabiliitto]] [[sv:Arabförbundet]] [[th:สันนิบาตอาหรับ]] [[tr:Arap Birliği]] [[uk:Арабська ліга]] [[ur:عرب لیگ]] [[yi:אראבישע ליגע]] [[zh:阿拉伯国家联盟]]