Arcadia 58227 225529793 2008-07-14T04:24:36Z 202.84.119.195 /* References in popular culture */ {{this|a region of Greece|Arcadia (disambiguation)}} {{redirect|Arkadía||Arkadia}} {{Infobox Pref GR| name = Arcadia| name_local = Νομός Αρκαδίας| image_map = GreeceArcadia.png| periph = [[Peloponnese]] | capital = [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]]| population = 100,611 | population_as_of = 2005| pop_rank = 38th| pop_dens = 22.8| popdens_rank = 52nd| area = 4,419 | area_rank = 5th| postal_code = 22x xx| area_code = 2710, 275x0, 279x0| licence = ΤΡ| provinces = 4| municip = 22| commun = 1| ISO = GR-12| website = [http://www.arcadia.gr/ www.arcadia.gr/]| }} '''Arcadia''' or '''Arkadía''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Αρκαδία) is a region of [[Greece]] in the [[Peloponnesus]]. It takes its name from the mythological character [[Arcas]]. ==Modern Arcadia== Arcadia has its present-day capital at [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]]. It forms the largest [[prefectures of Greece|prefecture]] on the Peloponnesian peninsula. It currently covers about 18% of the entire peninsula, although it once extended to about 20 to 25% of the peninsula. The prefecture has a skiing resort on Mount [[Maenalus]], the [[Mainalon]], located about 20 km NW of Tripoli. The other mountains include the [[Parnon]] in the southeast, the [[Artemisio]], the [[Saita]], the [[Skiathio]], the [[Lykaia]] and [[Tsiberou]]. The [[Greek National Road 7]] (E65) highway, which was extended after 1997 and in 2003, runs through Arcadia on a north-west to south-east axis and nearly forms in the southwest the end of the highway. A thermoelectric power station which produces electricity for most of southern Greece, operates to the south of [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]], along with a coal mine. Arcadia has two tunnels. The [[Artemisio Tunnel]] opened first, followed by the tunnel east of Megalopolis; both serve traffic flowing between [[Messenia]] and [[Athens]]. In agriculture, potato farms (dominant in central and northcentral Arcadia), mixed farming, olive groves, and pasture dominate the plains of Arcadia, especially in the area around Megalopolis and between Tripoli and Levidi. One of these cuisines were featured on [[Mega Channel]]'s cooking show hosted by [[Mamalakis]] that was shown on prime time. [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]] (1770 - 1843), a general in the [[Greek War of Independence]] (1821 - 1832), lived in Arcadia. [[Dimitris Plapoutas]] (1786-1864), a general in the [[Greek War of Independence]], also lived in Arcadia. ==[[List of Ancient Greek cities|Ancient]] and [[List of cities in Greece|modern towns and cities]]== The chief cities and communities in the prefecture include [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]], [[Astros, Greece|Astros]], [[Vytina]], [[Dimitsana]], [[Lagkadia (Arcadia), Greece|Lagkadia]], [[Leonidio]], [[Leontari]], [[Levidi]], [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]] [[Paloumba]] and [[Stemnitsa]]. Ancient cities include [[Asea, Greece|Asea]], Astros, [[Athinaio]], [[Daseae]], [[Falaisia]] (Phalesia), [[Gortys, Arcadia|Gortys]], Hypsus ([[Stemnitsa]], [[Irea]], [[Lusi, Greece|Lusi]], [[Lykaio]], [[Megalopoli]], [[Tegea]], [[Thoknia]],. [[Trapezus, Arcadia|Trapezus]], [[Tropaia]], [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]] and more. ==Provinces== Arcadia has 4 provinces: *[[Gortynia Province]] &ndash; [[Dimitsana]] *[[Kynouria Province]] &ndash; [[Leonidio]] *[[Mantineia Province]] &ndash; [[Tripolis, Greece|Tripolis]] *[[Megalopoli Province]] &ndash; [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]] ==Municipalities and communities== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Municipality !! YPES code !! Seat (if different) !! Postal code |- | [[Apollonas]] || 0501 || [[Tyros, Greece|Tyros]] || 220 29 |- | [[Dimitsana]] || 0506 || || 220 07 |- | [[Falaisia]] || 0522 || [[Leontari]] || 220 21 |- | [[Falanthos]] || 0523 || [[Davia]] || 221 00 |- | [[Gortyna, Arcadia|Gortyna]] || 0505 || [[Karytaina]] || 220 22 |- | [[Iraia]] || 0507 || [[Paloumba]] || 220 28 |- | [[Kleitor]] || 0507 || [[Mygdalia]] || 220 28 |- | [[Kontovazaina]] || 0509 || || 220 15 |- | [[Korythio]] || 0510 || Steno || 221 00 |- | [[Lagkadia, Arcadia|Lagkadia]]|| 0512 || || 220 03 |- | [[Leonidio]] || 0514 || || 223 00 |- | [[Levidi]]|| 0513 || || 220 02 |- | [[Mantineia]] || 0515 || [[Nestani]] || 220 05 |- | [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopoli]]|| 0516 || || 222 00 |- | [[North Kynouria]] || 0503 || [[Astros, Greece|Astros]] || 220 01 |- | [[Skyritida]] || 0517 || [[Vlachokerasia]] || 220 16 |- | [[Tegea]] || 0518 || Stadio || 220 12 |- | [[Trikolonoi]] || 0519 || [[Stemnitsa]] || 220 24 |- | '''[[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]]''' || 0520 || || 221 00 |- | [[Tropaia]] || 0521 || || 220 08 |- | [[Valtetsi]] || 0502 || [[Asea, Greece|Asea]] || 220 27 |- | [[Vytina]] || 0504 || || 220 10 |- ! Community !! YPES code !! Seat (if different)!! Postal code |- | [[Kosmas, Greece|Kosmas]] || 0511 || || 230 58 |} See also: [[List of settlements in the Arcadia prefecture]] ==Climate== The climate consists of hot summers and mild winters in the eastern part, the southern part, the low lying areas and the central area at altitudes lower than 1,000 m. The area primarily receives rain during fall and winter months in the rest of Arcadia. Winter snow occurs commonly in the mountainous areas for much of the west and the northern part, the [[Taygetus]] area, the [[Mainalo]]n. ==History== [[Image:Nicolas Poussin 052.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Les Bergers d’Arcadie]]'' by Nicolas Poussin.]] Due to its remote, mountainous character, Arcadia has always been a classical refuge. So during the [[Dorian invasion]], when [[Mycenaean language|Mycenaean Greek]] was replaced with [[Doric Greek]] along the coast of the Peloponnes, it survived in Arcadia, developing into the [[Arcadocypriot]] dialect of [[Classical Antiquity]]. Arcadocypriot never became a literary dialect, but it is known from inscriptions. [[Tsan]] is a letter of the [[Greek alphabet]] occurring only in Arcadia, shaped like Cyrillic [[И]]; it represents an affricate that developed from [[labiovelar]]s in context where they became ''t'' in other dialects. [[Tsakonian language|Tsakonian Greek]] , still spoken on the coast of the modern prefecture of Arcadia, in the Classical period considered the southern [[Argolid]] coast immediately adjoining Arcadia, is a descendant of [[Doric Greek]], and as such is an extraordinary example of a surviving regional dialect of archaic Greek. The capital of [[Tsakonia]] is the Arcadian coastal town of [[Leonidio]]. One of the birthplaces reported for [[Zeus]] is [[Mount Lycaeum]] in Arcadia. [[Lycaon (mythology)|Lycaon]], a cannibalistic [[Pelasgian]] king, was transformed into a [[werewolf]] by Zeus. Lycaon's daughter was [[Callisto (mythology)|Callisto]]. It was also said to have been the birthplace of Zeus' son, Hermes. Arcadia remained a rustic, secluded area, and its inhabitants became proverbial as primitive herdsmen leading simple [[pastoral]] unsophisticated yet happy lives, to the point that ''Arcadia'' may refer to some imaginary idyllic paradise, immortalized by [[Virgil]]'s [[Eclogues]], and later by [[Jacopo Sannazaro]] in his pastoral masterpiece, ''Arcadia'' (1504); see also [[Arcadia (utopia)]]. Arcadia later joined the [[Roman Empire]] and later the [[Byzantine Empire]]. In the early-[[1st millennium]], the area became a part of the [[Frankish Empire]]. In the mid-15th century, the region fell into the hands of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkey|Turks]] with some exceptions in the 16th century for a couple of years. During these periods, many towns and villages were founded. The Latin phrase ''[[Et in Arcadia ego]]'' which is usually interpreted to mean "I am also in Arcadia" or "I am even in Arcadia" is an example of ''[[memento mori]]'', a cautionary reminder of the transitory nature of life and the inevitability of death. The phrase is most often associated with a 1647 painting by [[Nicolas Poussin]], also known as "The Arcadian Shepherds". In the painting the phrase appears as an inscription on a tomb discovered by youthful figures in classical garb. It has been suggested that the phrase is an anagram for the Latin phrase "I! Tego arcana Dei", which translates to "Begone! I keep God's secrets."{{Fact|date=March 2008}} After 400 years of occupation by the Ottomans, Arcadia was the centre of the [[Greek War of Independence]] which saw victories in their battles including one in [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]] which saw the Greek revolutionaries slaughter around 30,000 Turks. After a victorious revolutionary war, Arcadia was finally incorporated into a newly-created Greek state. Arcadia saw economic growth and small emigration. In the 20th century, Arcadia experienced extensive population loss through emigration, mostly to the [[Americas]]. Many Arcadian villages lost almost half their inhabitants, and fears arose that they would turn into ghost towns. Arcadia now has a smaller population than [[Corinth]]ia. Demographers expected that its population would halve between 1951 and the early 21st century. The prefectural population is in a range to a point that could fall below the 100,000 mark which could make it the next prefecture in Greece to have fewer than 100,000 people. After [[World War II]] and the [[Greek Civil War]], many villages and towns were rebuilt. An enormous earthquake with a 5 Richter scale range shook Megalopoli and the surrounding area. Many buildings were destroyed, leaving people homeless. Within a couple of years, the buildings were rebuilt anti-seismically. In 1967, construction began on the [[Megalopoli Power Plant]]. It began operating in 1970, producing electricity for southern Greece. A mining area south of the plant is the largest mining area in the peninsula and continues to the present day with one settlement moved. Water problems troubled local residents protesting over the rights of water usage with the Argolida and its new reservoir near [[Saga, Greece|Saga]], on [[July 3]], [[2007]]. On [[July 27]], a wildfire broke out in [[Gortynia]] in the western portion, threatening several nearby villages and burning a small portion of the forested area. Less than a month later, another minor forest fire occurred near [[Tropaia]], on Thursday [[August 23]]. A day later, the minor fire became a major blaze beginning in the southwest of Arcadia [[Soulos]]. Arson-related fires spread and burned villages including [[Chrousa]], [[Leontari]], [[Vasta]], [[Tourkoleka]], [[Dirahi]], near Megalopoli, [[Makryssi]] and [[Anavryto]], and burned around 5% of the prefecture and the southwestern portion. The fire raging in the southern Ilia prefecture spread into Arcadia, and began to burn [[Atsicholos]] and the area around [[Karytaina]]. Residents prevented the fire from entering Megalopoli, Karytaina, and its surrounding area by chopping down trees, preventing it from entering the village; helicopters received water from [[Lake Taka]] and the sea. The fires continued from Friday [[August 24]], with high winds and hot temperatures reported at 42°C ; the outbreaks slowed slowed three days later but progressed on Tuesday [[August 27]]. The blazes finally died down when temperatures dropped and a low pressure system from southern Europe brought rain into the area; roads had been closed and electricity cut off for several days. At the extinguishing of the fire, hundreds of mobile homes were sent to inhabitants who had lost houses. Trees and a number of groves are to be planted, but it is expected to take a few years to restore part of the area's natural beauty and forest. Less seriously for the area, Kynouria experienced weather problems in the winter, with a snowstorm affecting Leonidi and the village of [[Agios Petros, Arcadia|Agios Petros]] on [[February 10]], [[2008]]. ==[[Transport in Greece|Transport]]== *Major roads or highways: **[[Greek National Road 7]] **[[Greek National Road 33]], N **[[Greek National Road 37]], Cen, S **[[Greek National Road 66]], N **[[Greek National Road 74]], NW, N **[[Greek National Road 76]], W, SW *Secondary roads: **Leontari-[[Dyrrachi, Arcadia|Dyrrachi]] Road **[[Leonidi-Monemvasia Road]] **[[Karytaina-Dimitsana Road]] **Megalopoli-[[Lykaio]] Road **[[Sparta-Leonidi Road]] **[[Tripoli-Dimitsana Road]] **[[Tripoli-Leonidi Road]] **Tripoli-[[Nestani]] Road **[[Tripoli-Vytina Road]] **[[Veligosti]]-[[Vasta]] Road **[[Vourvoura]]-Leonidi Road ==Communications== ==[[List of Greek language television channels|Television]]== *[[Arkadiki Radiophonia Teleorassi]] - ART ==Sports teams== * Arcadia Shepherds is the South African football (soccer) club from the city of Pretoria. The club was formed in 1903 and has been a source of players from its youth system that have gone on to higher profile careers overseas. The club's glory year was 1974, when it won every competition entered. *[[Asteras Tripolis]] is the Greek [[football (soccer)|soccer]] club from the city of [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]]. *Leonidio FC is the Greek soccer club from the town of [[Leonidio]]. ==Persons== *[[Ancient Olympic Games|Ancient Olympic victors]]: **[[Androsthenes]] of Maenalus, won gold in 420 and 416 BC **[[Euthymenes]] of Maenalus, won gold in 400 and 392 BC *[[Angelos Angelopoulos]], economist, professor of the [[University of Athens]] *[[Mimis Fotopoulos]] (April 1913 in [[Zatouna Gortynia]]s - 1986 in Athens) *[[Nikos Gatsos]], poet *[[Costas Gavras]], actor *[[Kostas Karyotakis]] ([[October 30]], [[1896]] – [[July 20]], [[1928]] in [[Preveza]]) *[[Yiannis Kouros]], [[ultramarathon]] runner *[[Giorgos Merikas]], doctor *[[Georgios Mistriois]], philologist *[[Dimitris Mitropoulos]] *[[Vasileios Oikonomou]], lawman *[[Giannis Panou]], poet *[[Vasilis Papakonstantinou]], singer and director *Dimitrios Paparrigopoulos *[[Giorgos Santas]], with Manolis Glezos, he was famous for restoring the [[Flag of Greece|Greek flag]] at the [[Acropolis]] after nearly three and a half years of non-Greek occupation of the [[Battle of Greece]] in 1944, a part of [[World War II]]. *[[Ilias Simopoulos]], poet *[[Georgios Stamatopoulos]] *[[Kostas Tournas]], director?, poet and singer *[[Babis Tsertos]], singer *[[Stavros Tsiolis]], actor *[[Georgios Valkans]], chemist *[[Thanassis Valtinos]], poet *Kollias the Vytinioti *[[Simos Chatzis]], soccer player *[[Atalanta]], a Greek mythic woman said to have been the daughter of the King of Arcadia ==References in popular culture== *The [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin]] name Arcadius/Arkadios was derived from "Arcadia" (see the Emperor [[Arcadius]], the grammarian [[Arcadius of Antioch]], the patriarch [[Arkadios II]]). From Greek it passed in [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], and other [[Slavic languages]], where it is a common male name as [[Arkady]] or [[Arcady]]. *The area of the prefecture were featured in several [[Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi|ERT]] programs including documentaries on the Megalopoli Mine and Ladon Lake *In the 2006 Doctor Who episode 'Doomsday', the Doctor mentions being 'there at the fall of Arcadia', where Arcadia is insinuated to be an unspecified area of possible strategic importance in the [[Time War (Doctor Who)|Time War]], unlikely to be the Arcadia of Greece. * The tactical [[RPG]] ''[[Fire Emblem]]'' features a hidden Utopian city where man and [[dragon]] lives in harmony. This city is called ''Arcadia'', and is founded by the legendary Archsage Athos. *In the video game [[BioShock]], "Arcadia" is the name of an area in one of the levels, with an artificial forest and touted as a vacation paradise. *In the Stardust Classics children's fantasy novels, Arcadia is the name of a kingdom ruled by the young Princess Alissa. *In the film [[300 (film)|300]] Leonidas is joined by a group of Arcadians to help him fight against the Persians. *In Space Pirate Captain Harlock, the show's main ship is called Arcadia, perhaps hinting that the ship itself is a sort of refuge to pirates. *In the text MUD [[Achaea, Dreams of Divine Lands|Achaea]], Arcadia is the home of a race of winged humans (Atavians). *In the series of games Megaman Zero, (Neo) Arcadia is the utopian city where humans live in apparent peace with reploids. *The word Arcadia has become a poetic idylism meaning "Utopia". [[Pete Doherty]] is among many who has used this symbol in their work. *The name of the planet in the game [[Skies of Arcadia]] is Arcadia. It is a planet with a completely barren wasteland floor level, but is mainly populated in its sky, which has a large system of floating islands, each flourishing under six different colored moons that orbit the planet. *In the Playstation 2 Game Final Fantasy XII there is a militaristic city known as Archadia *In The TV series The Legend of Zelda the White Knight Character Appearing in Episode 3 comes from a city called Arcadia *The mythic world that adorns the album covers of the rock band Asia. Specifically the albums Alpha (1983) and Astra (1985) *Arcadia is one of twin worlds in the popular computer game [[the Longest Journey]] and it`s sequel [[Dreamfall]]. *In [[Armored Core 3]], Arcadia is the name of the number 1 ranked AC. *In the game [[Penny Arcade Adventures: On the Rain-Slick Precipice of Darkness]], the areas of the game are all said to be within the city of New Arcadia. ==External links== *[http://conference.arcadians.gr Pan-Arcadian Congress] *http://www.arcadians.gr *[http://arcadia.ceid.upatras.gr/arkadia/engversion/index.html University of Patras, Arkadia-Project] *[http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~gkt/www/arcadia.html Arcadia, Greece] *[http://www.oreivatein.com/page/sites/arkadia/e_arkadia.htm Unknown Arcadia] *http://flyingbrick.freeyellow.com/arcadia.htm *http://www.arcadianet.gr/en/ *http://www.tripolis.gr {{coor title dm|37|35|N|22|15|E|region:GR_type:adm1st}} [[Category:Arcadia|*]] [[Category:Prefectures of Greece]] <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> [[ar:أركاديا]] [[bg:Аркадия (ном)]] [[ca:Arcàdia]] [[cs:Arkádie]] [[cy:Arcadia]] [[da:Arkadien]] [[de:Arkadien]] [[et:Arkaadia]] [[el:Νομός Αρκαδίας]] [[es:Arcadia]] [[eo:Arkadio]] [[fr:Arcadie]] [[hr:Arkadija]] [[ia:Arcadia]] [[it:Arcadia]] [[he:ארקאדיה]] [[la:Arcadia (nomus Graeciae)]] [[lb:Arkadien]] [[lt:Arkadija]] [[nl:Arcadië]] [[ja:アルカディア]] [[no:Arkadia (Hellas)]] [[nn:Arkadía]] [[pl:Arkadia (kraina historyczna)]] [[pt:Arcádia]] [[ro:Arcadia]] [[ru:Аркадия]] [[simple:Arcadia]] [[sk:Arkádia]] [[sr:Аркадија]] [[fi:Arkadia]] [[sv:Arkadien]] [[tr:Arkadya]] [[zh:阿卡迪亚 (希腊)]]