Aria
44739
221281212
2008-06-23T21:00:43Z
Anarcho hipster
152943
[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 221280687 by [[Special:Contributions/164.77.252.134|164.77.252.134]] ([[User talk:164.77.252.134|talk]])
:''This article is about the musical term "aria." For other meanings or uses of the word, see [[Aria (disambiguation)]].''
An '''aria''' ([[Italian language|Italian]] for ''air''; [[plural]]: ''arie'' or ''arias'' in common usage) in [[music]] was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with [[orchestra]]l [[accompaniment]]. Perhaps the most common context for arias is [[opera]], although there are many arias that form movements of [[oratorio]]s and [[cantata]]s. Composers also wrote [[Concert Aria|'concert arias']], which are not part of any larger work, such as "Ah Perfido" by [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], and a number of concert arias by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]].
The aria first appeared in the [[14th century]] when it signified a manner or style of singing or playing. Aria could also mean a melodic scheme (motif) or pattern for singing a poetic pattern, such as a sonnet. It was also attached to instrumental music, though this is no longer the case. Over time, arias evolved from simple melodies into a structured form; in about 17th century, the aria was written in [[ternary form]] (ABA); these arias were known as ''[[da capo aria]]s''. The aria later "invaded" the opera repertoire with its many sub-species (''Aria cantabile'', ''Aria agitata'', ''Aria di bravura'', and so on). By the mid-19th century, many operas became a sequence of arias, reducing the space left for ''[[recitative]]'', while other operas (for instance those by [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]) were entirely [[through-composed]], with no section being readily identifiable as a self-contained aria.
An '''arietta''' is a short aria.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Notable arias
!Voice range
!Aria
!Opera
!Composer
|-
|rowspan=4|[[soprano]]
|''[[O mio babbino caro]]''
|''[[Gianni Schicchi]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|''[[Der Hölle Rache]]''
|''[[The Magic Flute]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|-
|''[[Vissi d'arte]]''
|''[[Tosca]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|''[[Summertime (song)|Summertime]]''
|''[[Porgy and Bess]]''
|[[George Gershwin]]
|-
|rowspan=3|[[mezzo-soprano]]
|''[[Habanera (aria)|Habanera]]''
|''[[Carmen]]''
|[[Georges Bizet]]
|-
|''[[Voi, che sapete]]''
|''[[Le Nozze di Figaro]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|-
|''[[Ombra mai fu]]''
|''[[Serse]]''
|[[George Frideric Handel]]
|-
|rowspan=5|[[tenor]]
|''[[La donna è mobile]]''
|''[[Rigoletto]]''
|[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
|-
|''[[Celeste Aida]]''
|''[[Aida]]''
|[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
|-
|''[[Vesti la giubba]]''
|''[[Pagliacci]]''
|[[Ruggiero Leoncavallo]]
|-
|''[[Nessun dorma]]''
|''[[Turandot]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|''[[E lucevan le stelle]]''
|''[[Tosca]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|rowspan=3|[[baritone]]
|''[[Largo al factotum]]''
|''[[The Barber of Seville]]''
|[[Gioachino Rossini]]
|-
|''[[Toreador song|Votre toast]]'' (''Toreador song'')
|''[[Carmen]]''
|[[Georges Bizet]]
|-
|''Der Vogelfänger bin ich ja''
|''[[The Magic Flute]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|-
|rowspan=3|[[Bass (vocal range)|bass]]
|''Non più andrai''
|''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|-
|''[[O Isis und Osiris]]''
|''[[The Magic Flute]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|-
|''[[Madamina, il catalogo è questo]]''
|''[[Don Giovanni]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Notable operatic duets
!Voice ranges
!Aria
!Opera
!Composer
|-
|rowspan=2|[[tenor]] and [[soprano]]
|''[[Libiamo ne' lieti calici]]''
|''[[La Traviata]]''
|[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
|-
|''O soave fanciulla''
|''[[La Bohème]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[tenor]] and [[mezzo-soprano]]
|''Già i sacerdoti adunansi''
|''[[Aida]]''
|[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
|-
|''Parle-moi de ma mère''
|''[[Carmen]]''
|[[Georges Bizet]]
|-
|rowspan=1|[[tenor]] and [[baritone]]
|''O Mimì, tu più non torni''
|''[[La bohème]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|rowspan=1|[[soprano]] and [[mezzo-soprano]]
|''Che soave Zeffiretto''
|''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''
|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
|-
|rowspan=1|[[soprano]] and [[mezzo-soprano]]
|''Scuoti quella fronda di ciliegio''
|''[[Madama Butterfly]]''
|[[Giacomo Puccini]]
|-
|rowspan=1|[[soprano]] and [[contralto]]
|''[[The Flower Duet]]''
|''[[Lakmé]]''
|[[Léo Delibes]]
|}
==Media==
{{multi-listen start}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=Komm' o Hoffnung.ogg|title=Komm' o Hoffnung.ogg|description=The Komm' o Hoffnung aria from [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s [[Fidelio]], performed by [[Alice Guszalewicz]]|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=La_Donna_E_Mobile_Rigoletto.ogg|title=La donna è mobile|description=[[Enrico Caruso]] sings La donna è mobile ([[1908]])|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen end}}
* [http://youtube.com/watch?v=G_htkX8OOjo Guest soloist [[Mezzo soprano]] Clare Bradshaw sings two [[Mozart]] [[Arias]] with the [[Leeds Symphony Orchestra]]: Vedrai Carino in Act II in [[Don Giovanni]] and Voi che sapete in Act II in [[Le Nozze di Figaro]]]
==See also==
*[[Air (music)]]
*[[Recitative]]
== External links ==
* [http://www.aria-database.com/ The Aria Database]
{{Opera terms}}
[[Category:Song forms]]
[[Category:Opera terminology]]
[[Category:Arias|*]]
[[Category:Italian loanwords]]
[[bs:Arija]]
[[bg:Ария]]
[[ca:Ària (música)]]
[[cs:Árie]]
[[da:Arie]]
[[de:Arie]]
[[et:Aaria]]
[[el:Άρια]]
[[es:Aria]]
[[eo:Ario]]
[[fr:Aria]]
[[ko:아리아]]
[[hr:Arija]]
[[it:Aria (musica)]]
[[he:אריה (מוזיקה)]]
[[ka:არია]]
[[kk:Ария]]
[[lt:Arija]]
[[ms:Aria]]
[[nl:Aria (compositie)]]
[[ja:アリア]]
[[no:Arie]]
[[pl:Aria]]
[[pt:Ária]]
[[ru:Ария]]
[[simple:Aria]]
[[sk:Ária]]
[[sl:Arija]]
[[fi:Aaria]]
[[sv:Aria]]
[[tr:Arya]]
[[uk:Арія]]
[[zh:詠嘆調]]