Aria 44739 221281212 2008-06-23T21:00:43Z Anarcho hipster 152943 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 221280687 by [[Special:Contributions/164.77.252.134|164.77.252.134]] ([[User talk:164.77.252.134|talk]]) :''This article is about the musical term "aria." For other meanings or uses of the word, see [[Aria (disambiguation)]].'' An '''aria''' ([[Italian language|Italian]] for ''air''; [[plural]]: ''arie'' or ''arias'' in common usage) in [[music]] was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with [[orchestra]]l [[accompaniment]]. Perhaps the most common context for arias is [[opera]], although there are many arias that form movements of [[oratorio]]s and [[cantata]]s. Composers also wrote [[Concert Aria|'concert arias']], which are not part of any larger work, such as "Ah Perfido" by [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], and a number of concert arias by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]. The aria first appeared in the [[14th century]] when it signified a manner or style of singing or playing. Aria could also mean a melodic scheme (motif) or pattern for singing a poetic pattern, such as a sonnet. It was also attached to instrumental music, though this is no longer the case. Over time, arias evolved from simple melodies into a structured form; in about 17th century, the aria was written in [[ternary form]] (ABA); these arias were known as ''[[da capo aria]]s''. The aria later "invaded" the opera repertoire with its many sub-species (''Aria cantabile'', ''Aria agitata'', ''Aria di bravura'', and so on). By the mid-19th century, many operas became a sequence of arias, reducing the space left for ''[[recitative]]'', while other operas (for instance those by [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]) were entirely [[through-composed]], with no section being readily identifiable as a self-contained aria. An '''arietta''' is a short aria. {| class="wikitable" |+Notable arias !Voice range !Aria !Opera !Composer |- |rowspan=4|[[soprano]] |''[[O mio babbino caro]]'' |''[[Gianni Schicchi]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |''[[Der Hölle Rache]]'' |''[[The Magic Flute]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |- |''[[Vissi d'arte]]'' |''[[Tosca]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |''[[Summertime (song)|Summertime]]'' |''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' |[[George Gershwin]] |- |rowspan=3|[[mezzo-soprano]] |''[[Habanera (aria)|Habanera]]'' |''[[Carmen]]'' |[[Georges Bizet]] |- |''[[Voi, che sapete]]'' |''[[Le Nozze di Figaro]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |- |''[[Ombra mai fu]]'' |''[[Serse]]'' |[[George Frideric Handel]] |- |rowspan=5|[[tenor]] |''[[La donna è mobile]]'' |''[[Rigoletto]]'' |[[Giuseppe Verdi]] |- |''[[Celeste Aida]]'' |''[[Aida]]'' |[[Giuseppe Verdi]] |- |''[[Vesti la giubba]]'' |''[[Pagliacci]]'' |[[Ruggiero Leoncavallo]] |- |''[[Nessun dorma]]'' |''[[Turandot]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |''[[E lucevan le stelle]]'' |''[[Tosca]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |rowspan=3|[[baritone]] |''[[Largo al factotum]]'' |''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' |[[Gioachino Rossini]] |- |''[[Toreador song|Votre toast]]'' (''Toreador song'') |''[[Carmen]]'' |[[Georges Bizet]] |- |''Der Vogelfänger bin ich ja'' |''[[The Magic Flute]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |- |rowspan=3|[[Bass (vocal range)|bass]] |''Non più andrai'' |''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |- |''[[O Isis und Osiris]]'' |''[[The Magic Flute]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |- |''[[Madamina, il catalogo è questo]]'' |''[[Don Giovanni]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+Notable operatic duets !Voice ranges !Aria !Opera !Composer |- |rowspan=2|[[tenor]] and [[soprano]] |''[[Libiamo ne' lieti calici]]'' |''[[La Traviata]]'' |[[Giuseppe Verdi]] |- |''O soave fanciulla'' |''[[La Bohème]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |rowspan=2|[[tenor]] and [[mezzo-soprano]] |''Già i sacerdoti adunansi'' |''[[Aida]]'' |[[Giuseppe Verdi]] |- |''Parle-moi de ma mère'' |''[[Carmen]]'' |[[Georges Bizet]] |- |rowspan=1|[[tenor]] and [[baritone]] |''O Mimì, tu più non torni'' |''[[La bohème]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |rowspan=1|[[soprano]] and [[mezzo-soprano]] |''Che soave Zeffiretto'' |''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' |[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] |- |rowspan=1|[[soprano]] and [[mezzo-soprano]] |''Scuoti quella fronda di ciliegio'' |''[[Madama Butterfly]]'' |[[Giacomo Puccini]] |- |rowspan=1|[[soprano]] and [[contralto]] |''[[The Flower Duet]]'' |''[[Lakmé]]'' |[[Léo Delibes]] |} ==Media== {{multi-listen start}} {{multi-listen item|filename=Komm' o Hoffnung.ogg|title=Komm' o Hoffnung.ogg|description=The Komm' o Hoffnung aria from [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s [[Fidelio]], performed by [[Alice Guszalewicz]]|format=[[Ogg]]}} {{multi-listen item|filename=La_Donna_E_Mobile_Rigoletto.ogg|title=La donna è mobile|description=[[Enrico Caruso]] sings La donna è mobile ([[1908]])|format=[[Ogg]]}} {{multi-listen end}} * [http://youtube.com/watch?v=G_htkX8OOjo Guest soloist [[Mezzo soprano]] Clare Bradshaw sings two [[Mozart]] [[Arias]] with the [[Leeds Symphony Orchestra]]: Vedrai Carino in Act II in [[Don Giovanni]] and Voi che sapete in Act II in [[Le Nozze di Figaro]]] ==See also== *[[Air (music)]] *[[Recitative]] == External links == * [http://www.aria-database.com/ The Aria Database] {{Opera terms}} [[Category:Song forms]] [[Category:Opera terminology]] [[Category:Arias|*]] [[Category:Italian loanwords]] [[bs:Arija]] [[bg:Ария]] [[ca:Ària (música)]] [[cs:Árie]] [[da:Arie]] [[de:Arie]] [[et:Aaria]] [[el:Άρια]] [[es:Aria]] [[eo:Ario]] [[fr:Aria]] [[ko:아리아]] [[hr:Arija]] [[it:Aria (musica)]] [[he:אריה (מוזיקה)]] [[ka:არია]] [[kk:Ария]] [[lt:Arija]] [[ms:Aria]] [[nl:Aria (compositie)]] [[ja:アリア]] [[no:Arie]] [[pl:Aria]] [[pt:Ária]] [[ru:Ария]] [[simple:Aria]] [[sk:Ária]] [[sl:Arija]] [[fi:Aaria]] [[sv:Aria]] [[tr:Arya]] [[uk:Арія]] [[zh:詠嘆調]]