Arthritis
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223822180
2008-07-06T00:01:38Z
Jfdwolff
46555
Reverted to revision 223170528 by [[Special:Contributions/Jfdwolff|Jfdwolff]]; ... which is why this should be mentioned on [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and not here. ([[WP:TW|TW]])
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Arthritis |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 15237 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|M|00||m|00}}-{{ICD10|M|25||m|20}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|710}}-{{ICD9|719}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = search |
eMedicineTopic = arthritis |
MeshID = D001168 |
}}
'''Arthritis''' (from Greek ''arthro-'', joint + ''-itis'', inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions involving damage to the [[joint]]s of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people older than fifty-five years.
There are different forms of arthritis; each has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis, [[osteoarthritis]] (degenerative joint disease) is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal anatomy might contribute to the early development of osteoarthritis. Other arthritis forms are [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[psoriatic arthritis]], [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmune diseases]] in which the body attacks itself. [[Septic arthritis]] is caused by joint [[infection]]. [[gout|Gouty arthritis]] is caused by deposition of [[uric acid]] crystals in the joint, causing inflammation. There is also an uncommon form of gout caused by the formation of rhomboid crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. This gout is known as [[Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease|pseudogout]].
==History and physical examination==
All arthritides feature [[pain]]. Pain patterns may differ depending on the arthritides and the location. Rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in the morning and associated with stiffness; in the early stages, patients often have no symptoms after a morning shower. In the aged and children, pain might not be the main feature; the aged patient simply moves less, the infantile patient refuses to use the affected limb.
Elements of the history of the disorder guide diagnosis. Important features are speed and time of onset, pattern of joint involvement, symmetry of symptoms, early morning stiffness, tenderness, gelling or locking with inactivity, aggravating and relieving factors, and other systemic symptoms. Physical examination may confirm the diagnosis, or may indicate systemic disease. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or assess severity in a more quantitative manner.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Extra-articular features of joint disease
|-
| [[cutaneous nodules]]
|-
| [[cutaneous vasculitic lesions]]
|-
| [[lymphadenopathy]]
|-
| [[oedema]]
|-
| ocular inflammation
|-
| [[urethritis]]
|-
| [[tenosynovitis]] (tendon sheath effusions)
|-
| [[bursitis]] (swollen bursa)
|-
| [[diarrhea]]
|-
| [[orogenital ulceration]]
|}<ref>Swash, M, Glynn, M.(eds). 2007. Hutchison's Clinical Methods. Edinburgh. Saunders Elsevier.</ref>
[[Blood test]]s and [[X-ray]]s of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis. Screening blood tests are indicated if certain arthritides are suspected. These might include: [[rheumatoid factor]], [[antinuclear factor]] (ANF), [[extractable nuclear antigen]], and specific antibodies.
==Types of arthritis==
Primary forms of arthritis:
* [[Osteoarthritis]]
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* [[Septic arthritis]]
* [[Gout]] and [[Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease|pseudogout]]
* [[Juvenile idiopathic arthritis]]
* [[Still's disease]]
* [[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
Secondary to other diseases:
* [[Lupus erythematosus]]
* [[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]]
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]
* [[Reactive arthritis]]
* [[Haemochromatosis]]
* [[Hepatitis]]
* [[Wegener's granulomatosis]] (and many other [[vasculitis]] syndromes)
* [[Lyme disease]]
* [[Familial Mediterranean fever]]
* [[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever]]
* [[TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome]]
* [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] (Including [[Crohn's Disease]] and [[Ulcerative Colitis]])
Diseases that can mimic arthritis include:
* [[Clubbing|Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy]]
* [[Multiple myeloma]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Fifth disease]]
==Treatment==
Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include [[Physical therapy|physical]] and [[occupational therapy]], lifestyle changes (including exercise and weight control), medications and dietary supplements (symptomatic or targeted at the disease process causing the arthritis). [[Arthroplasty]] (joint replacement surgery) may be required in eroding forms of arthritis.
In general, studies have shown that physical exercising of the affected joint can have noticeable improvement in terms of long-term pain relief. Furthermore, exercising of the arthritic joint is encouraged to maintain the health of the particular joint and the overall body of the person.<ref>[http://www.elderstribune.com/health-lifestyle/6-reasons-exercise-if-you-have-arthritis 6 reasons to exercise if you have arthritis]</ref>
Another form of non-drug treatment that does have a body of proper research to support its efficacy is marine oil, from both fish and the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus). Diets high in marine oils from cold-water fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna have been shown to reduce the inflammation of joint conditions such as arthritis{{Fact|date=June 2008}}. Massage on joints with [[neem oil]] has reported improvement in chronic and acute cases{{Fact|date=June 2008}}.
==History==
While evidence of primary ankle (kaki) osteoarthritis has been discovered in dinosaurs, the first known traces of human arthritis date back as far as [[4500 BC]]. It was noted in skeletal remains of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] found in [[Tennessee]] and parts of what is now Olathe, [[Kansas]]. Evidence of arthritis has been found throughout history, from [[Ötzi the Iceman|Ötzi]], a [[mummy]] (circa 3000 BC) found along the border of modern [[Italy]] and [[Austria]], to the Egyptian mummies circa 2590 BC {{Fact|date=December 2007}}.
==References==
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==See also==
*[[Arthritis Care]] (charity in the UK)
==External links==
* {{dmoz|/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Musculoskeletal_Disorders/Arthritis/|Arthirtis}}
* [http://www.rheumatology.org American College of Rheumatology] - US professional society of rheumatologists
* [http://www.arthritis.org Arthritis Foundation] - US national not-for-profit organization for arthritis
{{Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue}}
[[Category:Aging-associated diseases]]
[[Category:Arthritis| ]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Skeletal disorders]]
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