Associated Press 47915 225786040 2008-07-15T11:46:37Z Channel R 4175835 Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/59.93.16.83|59.93.16.83]]. {{Infobox Co-operative | company_name = ''The Associated Press'' | company_logo = [[Image:Associated Press logo.png]] | company_type = [[Non-profit organization|Non-profit]] [[cooperative]] | foundation = [[New York City]], 1846<ref name="origin">{{cite press release |title=19th-century papers shed new light on origin of The Associated Press |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |author=Pyle, Richard |date=2005-01-31 |url=http://www.ap.org/pages/about/whatsnew/wn_013106a.html }}</ref> | location = [[New York City]] | key_people = [[Tom Curley]], [[President]] and [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] | area_served = [[World]]wide | industry = [[News media]] | products = [[Wire service]] | revenue = {{profit}} $654,186,000 [[United States dollar|USD]] 2005<ref name="pdf">{{cite web | title=Consolidated Financial Statements, The Associated Press and Subsidiaries: Years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004| publisher=Associated Press | date=[[2006-03-07]] | url=http://www.ap.org/media/pdf/AP_financials_05.pdf | accessdate=2006-10-13 }}]</ref> | operating_income = {{profit}} $17,959,000 [[United States dollar|USD]] 2005<ref name="pdf"/> | net_income = {{profit}} $18,528,000 [[United States dollar|USD]] 2005<ref name="pdf"/> | num_employees = 3,700 | homepage = [http://www.ap.org ap.org] }} '''The Associated Press''' ('''AP'''), is an [[Media of the United States|American]] [[news agency]]. The AP is a [[cooperative]] owned by its contributing [[newspaper]]s, [[Radio station|radio]] and [[Television station|television]] stations in the [[United States]], which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staffers. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP [[subscribers]], paying a fee to use AP material without being contributive members of the cooperative. As of [[2005]], the AP's news is published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television and radio [[Broadcasting|broadcaster]]s. The cooperative's [[photograph]] [[library]] consists of more than 10 million images. It operates 243 [[news bureau]]s and serves 121 countries, with a diverse international staff drawing from all over the world. As part of their cooperative agreement with the Associated Press, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their [[local news]] reports. For example, on page two of every edition of [[The Washington Post]], the newspaper's [[masthead (publishing)|masthead]] includes the statement, "''The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and all local news of spontaneous origin published herein.''" The ''[[AP Stylebook]]'' has become the [[de facto]] standard for news writing in the United States. The AP employs a straightforward, "just-the-facts" writing style, often using the ''[[inverted pyramid|"inverted pyramid formula"]]'' for writing that enables news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication space without losing the story's essential meaning and news information. The demise of AP's traditional rival, [[United Press International]], as a major American competitor in 1993 left the AP as the only nationally oriented news service based in the United States. Its other rival [[English language|English-language]] news services, such as [[Reuters]] and the English language service of [[Agence France-Presse]], are based outside the United States. The explosive growth of [[online]] media and news outlets upon the arrival of the [[Internet]] has posed a threat to the AP's financial structure. During its annual meeting on [[April 18]], [[2005]], the organization announced that, as of [[2006]], it would for the first time begin charging separate fees for posting articles and images online. News outlets that purchased AP news, sports, business and entertainment coverage for traditional [[publication]] or [[broadcast]] previously had been allowed to also post that material online at no extra cost. The cooperative later backed down from this plan and, in a bid to reach more readers, launched [[asap (web portal)|asap]], a service aimed toward 18- to 34-year-olds. The targeted service was discontinued in October [[2007]]. [http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AP_ASAP?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2007-07-27-18-24-41]. AP's American employees, except for a small group classified by the organization as [[administrative]], are represented by the [[News Media Guild]] and the [[Communication Workers of America]]. ==History== The AP was formed in May [[1846]]<ref name="origin" /> by a group of American newspapers that sought to pool resources in order to better collect and report news coming from [[Europe]]. Prior to this, the newspapers had competed by sending reporters out in rowboats to meet ships bringing news from Europe as they arrived in the harbor. The owners of these newspapers realized that they were all paying for essentially the same information and determined it would be more cost effective to have a service collect and pay for all the information once via [[telegraph]]. Their new organization originally was named the Harbor News Association; it later was renamed the Associated Press. A driving force in the organization's formation was [[Moses Yale Beach]], [[publisher]] of the [[New York Sun (historical)|New York Sun]], when he invited other [[New York]] publishers to join the Sun in a cooperative venture to cover the [[Mexican-American War]]. The four New York papers that joined in the agreement with the Sun were the Journal of Commerce, the Courier and Enquirer, the [[New York Herald|Herald]], and the Express. * 1849: the Harbor News Association opened the first [[news bureau]] outside the [[United States]], in [[Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], to meet ships sailing from Europe before they reached dock in New York. * 1861: Facing [[censorship]] in covering the [[American Civil War]], reporters first filed under the anonymous [[byline]] "from the Associated Press agent." * 1876: [[Mark Kellogg (reporter)|Mark Kellogg]], a [[Journalist|stringer]], is the first AP [[news correspondent]] to be killed while reporting the news, at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]]. His final dispatch: "I go with (Commander George Armstrong) [[Custer]] and will be at the death." * 1893: [[Melville E. Stone]] becomes the [[general manager]] of the reorganized AP, a post he holds until [[1921]]. Under his leadership, the AP grows to be one of the world's most prominent news agencies. * 1899: AP uses [[Guglielmo Marconi]]'s wireless [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] to cover the [[America's Cup]] [[yacht]] race off [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]], [[New Jersey]], the first news test of the new technology. * 1914: AP introduces the [[Teletype]], which transmitted directly to printers over telegraph wires. Eventually a worldwide network of 60-word-per-minute Teletype machines is built. * 1919: [[Upton Sinclair]] includes a scathing criticism of the AP in his investigative book on contemporary journalism, ''[[The Brass Check]]''. * 1935: AP initiates [[WirePhoto]], the world's first wire service for photographs. The first photograph to transfer over the network depicted an [[airplane]] crash in [[Morehouse, New York|Morehouseville]], [[New York]], on [[New Years Day|New Year's Day]], [[1935]]. * 1938: AP expands to new offices at 50 Rockefeller Plaza (known as "50 Rock") in the newly built [[Rockefeller Center]] in [[New York City]], which would remain its [[headquarters]] for 68 years; in [[2004]] it relocated to larger facilities at 450 W. 33rd St. in [[Manhattan]]. * 1941: AP expands from print to radio broadcast news. * 1945: AP [[Paris]] bureau chief [[Edward Kennedy (journalist)|Edward Kennedy]] defies an [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] headquarters [[news blackout]] to report [[Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany’s]] surrender, touching off a bitter episode that leads to his eventual dismissal by the AP. Kennedy maintains that he reported only what German radio already had broadcast. * 1994: AP launches [[Associated Press Television News|APTV]], a global video newsgathering agency, headquartered in [[London]]. * 2004: The AP moves its headquarters from 50 Rock to W. 33rd St. * 2008: Associated Press President and CEO [[Tom Curley]] states that ''shadow of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11 terror attacks]] is eclipsing press freedom and other constitutional safeguards in the United States.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2008/03/08/911_attacks_harm_first_amendment/ "9/11 attacks harm First Amendment"] ''AP'', 8 March 2008</ref> ==AP Sports Polls== {{main|AP Poll}} [[Image:the associated press building in new york city.jpg|thumb|250px|The Associated Press Building in [[New York City]]. (The AP moved from this building in 2004.)]] The AP is known for its Associated Press polls on numerous [[college athletics|college sports]] in the [[United States]]. The AP polls ranking the top 25 [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]] ([[Football Bowl Subdivision]] and [[Football Championship Subdivision]]) [[college football]] and NCAA Division I men's and women's [[college basketball]] teams are the most well known. The AP composes the polls by collecting and compiling the top-25 votes of numerous designated sports journalists. The AP poll of [[college football]] was particularly notable for many years because it helped determine the ranking of teams at the end of the regular season for the collegiate [[Bowl Championship Series]] until the AP, citing conflict of interest, asked for the poll to be removed from the bowl series. Beginning in the [[2005]] season, the [[Harris Interactive College Football Poll]] took the AP's place in the bowl series formula. The AP poll is the longest serving national poll in college football, having begun in [[1936]]. Each year on [[31 March]] the AP announces the winner of the NCAA Men's basketball "player of the year" (POY) award. ==Associated Press Television News== In [[1994]], [[London]]-based Associated Press Television (APTV) was founded to provide agency news material to television broadcasters. Other existing providers of such material at the time were [[Reuters]] Television and Worldwide Television News (WTN). In [[1998]], APTV left the Associated Press building in the [[Central London]] and merged with WTN to create [[Associated Press Television News]] (APTN) in the existing WTN building in [[North London]]. ==Controversies== === Jamil Hussein=== {{main|Jamil Hussein controversy}} Some questions were raised about the legitimacy of police captain [[Jamil Hussein]] as a source for AP reporting of sectarian violence in [[Iraq]]. On January 4, 2007 the [[Iraqi Interior Ministry]] recognized Jamil as an active member of the [[Baghdad]] [[police force]], and said he faces arrest for talking to journalists. Ministry spokesman [[Abdul Karim Khalaf]], who had previously denied the existence of Hussein, acknowledged that the officer was assigned to the [[Khadra]] police station.<ref>[http://www.ap.org/FOI/foi_010407a.html "Iraq threatens arrest of police officer"] ''AP'', 4 January 2007</ref> === Christopher Newton === The Associated Press fired [[Washington, D.C.]] bureau reporter Christopher Newton in September [[2002]], accusing him of fabricating at least 40 people and organizations since [[2000]]. Some of the nonexistent agencies quoted in his stories included "Education Alliance," the "Institute for Crime and Punishment in Chicago," "Voice for the Disabled," and "People for Civil Rights."<ref> {{cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/?id=2073304 |title=Fib Newton |quote=The Associated Press accused Washington bureau reporter Christopher Newton of journalistic fraud last month and sacked him. The AP alleges that in at least 40 of the many hundred stories Newton wrote for the wire service between [[January 13]], [[2000]], and [[September 8]], [[2002]], Newton quoted sources who appear not to exist. |date=[[October 29]], [[2002]] |publisher=[[Slate.com]] |accessdate=2008-04-16 }}</ref> ===Tuvia Grossman=== {{main|Tuvia Grossman}} During the [[Second Intifada]] a caption of an [[Associated Press]] photograph of an Israeli police officer defending him from a violent Palestinian mob misidentified him as a Palestinian instead of as a Jewish-American. The photograph, publicized in ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', and other newspaper publications worldwide, suggested Israeli brutality by the officer acting in Tuvia's defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E5DB153CF934A35753C1A9669C8B63&scp=1&sq=Tuvia&st=nyt |title=Abruptly, a U.S. Student In Mideast Turmoil's Grip |date=[[October 7]], [[2000]] |publisher=[[New York Times]] |quote = The A.P., which had received many pictures of injured Palestinians that day, did not clarify the garbled caption but sent the picture to subscribers with a caption based on the erroneous assumption that Mr. Grossman was a Palestinian. It also misidentified the site, first as the Temple Mount and later as another site in the Old City. Many newspapers published the picture and erroneous captions based on The A.P.'s information. The New York Times misidentified Mr. Grossman in last Saturday's issue as a Palestinian and in some copies misidentified the site as the Temple Mount. }}</ref> ===Bloggers and Fair Use=== In June 2008 Associated Press stated it would be defining guidelines on how many words from its articles and broadcasts could be excerpted by internet bloggers and Web sites without infringing on its copyright. Its first initiative was a letter to [[Rogers Cadenhead]]'s "Drudge Retort" news links site requesting the removal of items quoting from 39 to 79 words of AP articles. After an outcry from bloggers, A.P. admitted its letter to Drudge Retort was “heavy-handed.”<ref>{{cite news| work=Yahoo News (AP)| url = http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080620/ap_on_hi_te/ap_blogger_2| first = Seth |last = Sutel| title = AP, blogger resolve dispute over copyright| date = June 20, 2008| accessdate = 2008-06-20}}</ref> It later clarified that it would challenge blog postings “when we feel the use is more reproduction than reference, or when others are encouraged to cut and paste.” It then retreated from that position, announcing it would be reviewing its standards.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/16/business/media/16ap.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |title=The Associated Press to Set Guidelines for Using Its Articles in Blogs|quote=The Associated Press, one of the nation’s largest news organizations, said that it will, for the first time, attempt to define clear standards as to how much of its articles and broadcasts bloggers and Web sites can excerpt without infringing on The A.P.’s copyright. |publisher=[[New York Times]] |date= [[June 16]], [[2008]]|accessdate=2008-06-20 }}</ref> Many bloggers reacted angrily and defiantly to AP's announcements. For example, the [[Daily Kos]] rejected AP's claims as an attempt to suppress [[fair use]] quotation, in a post that began with a one hundred twenty word excerpt from a wire story on gay marriages.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dailykos.com/storyonly/2008/6/17/12241/5981/719/537292 | title = More on the AP Idiots | publisher = [[Daily Kos]]| accessdate = 2008-06-19}}</ref> ==Governance== The Associated Press is governed by an elected [[board of directors]]. *[[William Dean Singleton]], Chairman and [[CEO]], [[MediaNews Group]], [[Denver]], [[Colorado]] *[[Tom Curley]], President & CEO *[[R. Jack Fishman]], Publisher and [[Managing editor]], [[Citizen Tribune]], [[Morristown, Tennessee|Morristown]], [[Tennessee]] *[[Dennis J. FitzSimons]], Chairman President and CEO, [[Tribune Company]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] *[[Walter E. Hussman Jr.]], Publisher, [[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]], [[Little Rock]], [[Arkansas]] *[[Julie Inskeep]], Publisher, [[Fort Wayne Journal Gazette]], [[Fort Wayne]], [[Indiana]] *[[Boisfeuillet Jones, Jr.|Boisfeuillet (Bo) Jones]], Publisher and CEO, [[The Washington Post]], [[Washington, D.C.]] *[[Mary Junck]], President and CEO, [[Lee Enterprises]], [[Davenport, Iowa|Davenport]], [[Iowa]] *[[David Lord]], President, [[Pioneer Newspapers]], [[Seattle]], [[Washington]] *[[Kenneth W. Lowe]], President and CEO, [[E.W. Scripps Company]], [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]] *[[Douglas H. McCorkindale]], Chairman, [[Gannett]], [[McLean, Virginia|MacLean]], [[Virginia]] *[[R. John Mitchell]], Publisher, [[Rutland Herald]], [[Rutland, Vermont|Rutland]], [[Vermont]] *[[Steven O. Newhouse]], Chairman, [[Advance Publications|Advance.Net]], [[New York City|New York]], [[New York]] *[[Gary Pruitt]], Chairman, President and CEO, [[The McClatchy Company]], [[Sacramento]], [[California]] *[[Michael E. Reed]], CEO, [[Liberty Group Publishing, Inc.]], [[Downers Grove, Illinois|Downer's Grove]], [[Illinois]] *[[Bruce T. Reese]], President and CEO, [[Bonneville International]], [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]] *[[Jon Rust]], Publisher, [[Southeast Missourian]], [[Cape Girardeau, Missouri|Cape Girardeau]], [[Missouri]] *[[Jay R. Smith]], President, [[Cox Newspapers]], [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] *[[David Westin]], President, [[ABC News]], [[New York City|New York]], [[New York]] *[[H. Graham Woodlief]], President, Publishing Division, [[Media General]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia]] [http://www.ap.org/pages/about/board.html] ==Web resource== The AP's multi-topic structure has lent itself well to web portals, such as [[Yahoo]], msn.com, etc, which all have news pages which constantly need to be updated. Often, such portals will rely on AP and other news services as their first source for news coverage of breaking news items. Yahoo's "Top News" page gives the AP top visibility out of any news outlet. This has been of major impact to the AP's public image and role, as it gives new credence to the AP's continual mission of having staff for covering every area of news fully and promptly. The AP is also the news service used on the [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]]'s [[Wii Menu#News Channel|News Channel]]. In 2007 Google announced it was paying for Associated Press content displayed in [[Google News]].<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Google News Becomes A Publisher. |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=PBT2QGMTUGF0AQSNDLOSKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID=201803549&_requestid=555255 |quote="Because the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, U.K. Press Association and the Canadian Press don't have a consumer Web site where they publish their content, they have not been able to benefit from the traffic that Google News drives to other publishers," Josh Cohen, business product manager for Google News, explained in a blog post. "As a result, we're hosting it on Google News." |publisher=[[Information Week]] |date=[[August 31]], [[2007]] |accessdate=2008-04-26 }}</ref> ==See also== *[[Hal Buell]] — former head of Photography Service (photo director) at AP. *[[Cork Graham]] - [[war correspondent#Notable war correspondents|war correspondent]] and photographer for AP. *[[Joe Rosenthal]] — war photographer for AP. *[[Brian Murphy (writer)|Brian Murphy]] — religion writer for AP. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== * [http://www.ap.org Associated Press] * [http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/fronts/HOME?SITE=AP News from The Associated Press] * [http://poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=98708 Article about AP by the Poynter Institute] * [http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pressreleases/pr_071904.html AP leaves 50 Rock for West 33rd Street Headquarters], [[August 19]], [[2004]]. Accessed on [[October 2]], [[2006]].] * [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1568986890 Breaking News: How the Associated Press has Covered War, Peace, and Everything Else, ''Reporters of the Associated Press, Foreword by David Halberstam, (Princeton Architectural Press: 2007)''] <!-- additional categories found at [[:Category:Associated Press]] --> ''' [[Category:1846 establishments]] [[Category:Associated Press| ]] [[Category:New Zealand House of Representatives accredited news organisations]] [[Category:Worth Bingham Prize recipients]] [[Category:American football media]] [[Category:College football media]] [[Category:Rockefeller Center]] [[Category:American cooperatives]] [[Category:Consumers' cooperatives]] [[ar:أسوشيتد برس]] [[bn:এসোসিয়েটেড প্রেস]] [[zh-min-nan:Bí-liân-siā]] [[bg:Асошиейтед Прес]] [[cy:Associated Press]] [[da:Associated Press]] [[de:Associated Press]] [[dv:އެސޯސިއޭޓެޑް ޕްރެސް]] [[es:Associated Press]] [[eo:Associated Press]] [[fa:آسوشیتد پرس]] [[fr:Associated Press]] [[ko:AP 통신사]] [[hr:Associated Press]] [[id:Associated Press]] [[it:Associated Press]] [[he:Associated Press]] [[ka:ასოშიეიტიდ პრესს]] [[nl:Associated Press]] [[ja:AP通信]] [[no:Associated Press]] [[pl:Associated Press]] [[pt:Associated Press]] [[ro:Associated Press]] [[ru:Associated Press]] [[simple:Associated Press]] [[sr:Асошијетед прес]] [[fi:Associated Press]] [[sv:Associated Press]] [[vi:Associated Press]] [[tr:Associated Press]] [[yi:AP]] [[zh:美国联合通讯社]]