Astley Cooper
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Gonzo fan2007
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|box_width =
|image =Astley Paston Cooper.jpeg
|image_width =150px
|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|birth_date = [[August 23]], [[1768]]
|birth_place = [[Brooke, Norfolk|Brooke]] in [[Norfolk]]
|death_date = [[February 12]], [[1841]]
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[England|English]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[anatomy]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[otology]]<br/> [[vascular surgery]]<br/>the [[anatomy]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|religion =
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}}
'''Sir Astley Paston Cooper, 1st Baronet''' ([[August 23]], [[1768]]–[[February 12]], [[1841]]), [[England|English]] [[surgery|surgeon]] and [[anatomist]], who made historical contributions to [[otology]], [[vascular surgery]], the [[anatomy]] and [[pathology]] of the [[mammary gland]]s and [[testicle]]s, and the pathology and surgery of [[hernia]].
==Life==
Cooper was born at the village of [[Brooke, Norfolk|Brooke]] in [[Norfolk]] on [[August 23]], [[1768]]. His father, Dr. Samuel Cooper, was a [[clergyman]] of the [[Church of England]]; his mother was the author of several novels. At the age of sixteen he was sent to [[London]] and placed under [[Henry Cline]] (1750-1827), surgeon to [[St. Thomas' Hospital]]. From the first he devoted himself to the study of [[anatomy]], and had the privilege of attending the lectures of [[John Hunter (surgeon)|John Hunter]]. In 1789 he was appointed demonstrator of anatomy at St. Thomas's Hospital, where in [[1791]] he became joint lecturer with Cline in anatomy and [[surgery]], and in [[1800]] he was appointed surgeon to [[Guy's Hospital]] on the death of his uncle, William Cooper.
In [[1802]] he received the [[Copley Medal]] for two papers read before the [[Royal Society]] of London on the destruction of the [[tympanic membrane]]; and in 1805 he was elected a Fellow of that society. In the same year he took an active part in the formation of the [[Medical and Chirurgical Society of London]], and in 1804 he brought out the first, and in 1807 the second, part of his great work on [[hernia]], which added so largely to his reputation that in 1813 his annual professional income rose to 21,000 pounds sterling. In the same year he was appointed professor of [[comparative anatomy]] to the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England|Royal College of Surgeons]] and was very popular as a lecturer.
In [[1817]] he performed his famous operation of tying the abdominal aorta for aneurism; and in [[1820]] he removed an infected [[sebaceous cyst]] from the head of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|King George IV]]. About six months afterwards received a [[baronet]]cy, which, as he had no son, was to descend to his nephew and adopted son, Astley Cooper. He was subsequently appointed sergeant surgeon to King George IV, [[King William IV]] and [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. He served as president of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England|Royal College of Surgeons]] in [[1827]] and again in [[1836]], and he was elected a vice-president of the [[Royal Society]] in [[1830]]. He died on the [[February 12]], [[1841]] in London, and was interred, by his own desire, beneath the chapel of Guy's Hospital. A statue by [[Edward Hodges Baily]] was erected in [[St Paul's Cathedral]].
Cooper lived at Gadebridge House in the market town of [[Hemel Hempstead]]. Due to his influence, among others who were also residents of the area, his vigorous lobbying ensured that the London to Birmingham main railway line was constructed to the south of the town instead of through it, a more natural course. This led to the citizens of Hemel Hempstead having no railway station in their town, instead being obliged to use the one situated at [[Boxmoor]].
Today, Cooper is remembered in the area with a number of local street names, and The [[Astley Cooper School]], formerly Grovehill school, being renamed after him in 1984. The grounds of his former home are now a public park.
==Works==
Sir Astley's greatest contribution has probably been in the field of [[vascular surgery]], particularly on [[cerebral circulation]]. He was the first to demonstrate experimentally the effects of bilateral [[ligation]] of the carotid arteries in [[dog]]s and to propose treatment of [[aneurysm]]s by ligation of the vessel. In [[1805]] he published in the first volume of ''Medico-Chirurgical Transactions'' his attempt to tie the common [[carotid artery]] for treating an aneurysm in a patient. In [[1808]] he tried the same with the external [[iliac artery]] for a femoral aneurysm and in 1817 he ligated the [[aorta]] for an iliac aneurysm.
Cooper was an indefatigable and original anatomist and described several new anatomical structures, many of which were named after him:
* [[Cooper's fascia]], a covering of the [[spermatic cord]].
* [[Cooper's pubic ligament]], the superior [[pubic ligament]].
* [[Cooper's stripes]], a fibrous structure in the [[ulna]]r ligaments.
* [[Cooper's ligaments]], the [[suspensory ligaments of the breast]]s.
He also described a number of new diseases, which likewise became eponymous:
* [[Cooper's testis]] ([[neuralgia]] of the [[testicle]]s)
* [[Cooper's disease]] (benign [[cysts]] of the breast)
* [[Cooper's hernia]] (retroperitoneal hernia)
* [[Cooper's neuralgia]] (neuralgia of the breast)
His chief published works were:
* ''Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Hernia'' (1804-1807);
* ''Dislocations and Fractures'' (1822);
* ''Lectures on Surgery'' (1824-1827);
* ''Illustrations of Diseases of the Breast'' (1829);
* ''Anatomy of the Thymus Gland'' (1832);
* ''Anatomy of the Breast'' (1840).
==References==
* ''The life and work of Astley Cooper'', by Russell Claude Brock (1952)
* ''Life of Sir A. Cooper'', by B. B. Cooper (1843).
*{{1911}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Jones
|first=Roger
|authorlink=
|year=2007
|month=Jul
|title=Thomas Wakley, Astley Cooper and the death of George IV
|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]]
|volume=100
|issue=7
|pages=314–20
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 17606751
|doi = 10.1258/jrsm.100.7.314
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Sarhadi
|first=N S
|authorlink=
|coauthors=Shaw-Dunn J, Soutar D S
|year=1997
|month=
|title=Nerve supply of the breast with special reference to the nipple and areola: Sir Astley Cooper revisited
|journal=Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|volume=10
|issue=4
|pages=283–8
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 9213048
|doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:4<283::AID-CA12>3.0.CO;2-G
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Bauer
|first=G C
|authorlink=
|year=1987
|month=Dec
|title=Sir Astley Cooper. Prototype of the modern day academic orthopedist
|journal=Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.
|volume=
|issue=225
|pages=247–54
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 3315378
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=McGovern
|first=F H
|authorlink=
|year=
|month=
|title=Sir Astley Cooper and his otological papers
|journal=Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.
|volume=93
|issue=6 Pt 1
|pages=531–3
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 6391339
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Wilson
|first=T G
|authorlink=
|year=1984
|month=Jul
|title=Historical vignette. Sir Astley Cooper
|journal=The American journal of otology
|volume=5
|issue=5
|pages=411–4
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 6383067
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
| doi = 10.1016/S0196-0709(84)80057-5
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Drach
|first=G W
|authorlink=
|year=1978
|month=Jul
|title=Sir Astley Cooper (1768-1841)
|journal=Investigative urology
|volume=16
|issue=1
|pages=75
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 357344
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Nuland
|first=S B
|authorlink=
|year=1976
|month=Mar
|title=Astley Cooper of Guy's Hospital
|journal=Connecticut medicine
|volume=40
|issue=3
|pages=190–3
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 765058
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|year=1973
|month=May
|title=A treatise on dislocationa and on fractures of the joints: fractures of the neck of the thigh-bone. Sir Astley Cooper, BART., F.R.S., Surgeon to the King
|journal=Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.
|volume=
|issue=92
|pages=3–5
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4575877
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Brock
|first=R C
|authorlink=
|year=1969
|month=Jan
|title=The life and work of Sir Astley Cooper
|journal=Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|volume=44
|issue=1
|pages=1–18
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886764
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Hill
|first=W
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Sir Astley Cooper--a bibliography
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=235–55
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886642
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Reading
|first=P V
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Astley Cooper and the ear
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=233–4
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886641
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Brock
|first=R C
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Astley Cooper and carotid artery ligation
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=219–24
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886640
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Wass
|first=S H
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Astley Cooper and the anatomy and surgery of hernia
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=213–7
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886639
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Barrett
|first=N R
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Sir Astley Cooper and the thymus
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=207–12
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886638
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Atkins
|first=H
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Astley Cooper and diseases of the breast
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=199–206
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886637
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Shaw
|first=A B
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=Astley Cooper, his Norfolk origins and associations
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=169–92
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886635
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Brock
|first=R C
|authorlink=
|year=1968
|month=
|title=The life and work of Sir Astley Cooper
|journal=Guy's Hospital reports
|volume=117
|issue=3
|pages=147–68
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 4886634
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Wilson
|first=T G
|authorlink=
|year=1965
|month=Nov
|title=Sir Astley Cooper
|journal=Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
|volume=82
|issue=5
|pages=560–4
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 5321006
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = no
|last=Franz
|first=A
|authorlink=
|year=1965
|month=
|title=[On the traumatologic work of Sir Astley Cooper (1768-1841)]
|journal=La Chirurgia degli organi di movimento
|volume=54
|issue=4
|pages=327–37
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 5330072
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
==External links==
* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/947.html Astley Paston Cooper biography]. WhoNamedIt.
* [http://www.surgeons.org.uk/history-of-surgeons/sir-astley-paston-cooper.html Sir Astley Paston Cooper] History of Surgeons from surgeons.org.uk.
* [http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/default-home.htm?surgeons/cooper.htm~right Sir Astley Cooper]. Surgical-Tutor.
* [http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cooper On the anatomy of the breast, 1840]. Digital reproduction of the book.
{{s-start}}
{{s-awards}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward Charles Howard]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Copley Medal]]|years=1801}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William Hyde Wollaston]]}}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{succession box | title=[[Astley-Cooper Baronets|Baronet]]<br>'''(of Gadebridge) | years='''1821–1841 | before= New creation | after= Astley Paston Cooper }}
{{s-end}}
[[Category:1768 births|Cooper, Astley Paston]]
[[Category:1841 deaths|Cooper, Astley Paston]]
[[Category:British anatomists|Cooper, Astley Paston]]
[[Category:British surgeons|Cooper, Astley Paston]]
[[Category:British doctors|Cooper, Astley Paston]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal|Cooper, Astley]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|Cooper, Astely Paston, 1st Baronet]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London|Cooper, Astley Paston]]
[[de:Astley Paston Cooper]]
[[pl:Astley Paston Cooper]]
[[sv:Astley Paston Cooper]]