Austria-Este
1824161
226172273
2008-07-17T03:58:44Z
Cladeal832
1572901
/* Short Family Tree (Archdukes of Austria) */
[[Image:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1803.svg|100px|thumb|right|Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1754-1806)]]
[[Image:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1814.svg|100px|thumb|right|Francis IV of Austria-Este (1779-1846)]]
[[Image:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1846.svg|100px|thumb|right|Francis V of Austria-Este (1819-1875)]]
[[Image:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1846.svg|100px|thumb|right|Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1863-1914)]]
[[Image:Armoiries Autriche-Este 1914.svg|100px|thumb|right|Robert of Austria-Este (1915-1996)]]
'''Archduke of Austria-Este''' ({{lang-it|arciduca d'Austria-Este}}; {{lang-de|Erzherzog von Österreich-Este}}) and '''Habsburg-Este''' ({{lang-it|Asburgo-Este}}) are a title and a surname which have been used by several cadet branches of the House of [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] to denote a connection with the extinct Italian princely and feudal family of [[Este]] and the [[Duchy of Modena]] ruled by them. As a younger branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the Habsburg-Estes are also Archdukes and Archduchesses of Austria, Princes and Princesses of Hungary and Bohemia.
[[Ercole III d'Este]], the last Este duke of Modena, of the direct line of Este, was deposed of rulership in [[1796]] by the French as his Italian principality was incorporated into the Cisalpine Republic, later Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. However in 1814, when the French rule was abolished in Italy (but after the death of Duke Ercole), Modena was returned to his daughter [[Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este|Mary Beatrice d'Este]] and her son [[Francis IV, Duke of Modena|Archduke Francis of Austria-Este]].
Duke Ercole III was compensated with the principality of [[Breisgau]], located in Southern Germany. Its former rulers, Habsburgs ceded this province to him, in anticipation of it falling eventually to the Habsburg family again, since Ercole's sole daughter was married to a cadet Habsburg, [[Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este]]. Duke Ercole died in [[1803]] and Breisgau was inherited by his daughter (and her husband), who soon (1805) lost it to the expanding [[Grand Duchy of Baden]].
The family, cognatically descended from the Estes, ruled the [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]] again from [[1814]] to [[1859]], using the names Asburgo-Este (Habsburg-Este) and its variants. The Duchy bore also titles Duke of Reggio, of Mirandola, of Massa, Prince of Carrara and Lunigniana, as well as since 1847 Duke of Guastalla. The principality lost its independence to the new united Italy, and Francesco V, the last duke was deposed.
Duke [[Francis V of Modena]] (1846-59, died 1875) withdrew to [[Austria]] where he lived most of the rest of his life. After the death of his mother in [[1840]], Francis was considered the legitimate heir to the English and Scottish thrones by [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] (with the regnal title King Francis I). When Francis died at [[Vienna]] on November 20, [[1875]], his family became extinct in the male line. His heir general and heir-of-the-blood was his niece, Archduchess [[Maria Theresia of Austria-Este]] (died 1919), who then was married with [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|Prince Ludwig of Bavaria]] (they later became King and Queen of Bavaria). The heir-general of line of the Este family continues in their descendants, and the present heir is [[Franz, Duke of Bavaria]].
However, [[Francis V, Duke of Modena]] had decided to retain the [[Este]] name in the Habsburg family, and left most of his huge estate to his young cousin [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]], with certain conditions, one of which is that the heir and future heirs use the name of [[Este]]. The tradition of Este family thus fell to the line of [[Archduke Charles Louis of Austria|Archduke Charles Louis]], younger brother to then [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Francis Joseph]]. It is said that Austria-Este is some sort of "secundogeniture" title in Austrian imperial family, however since it has continued to direct heirs of the originator of the branch, not reverting to the crown at the death of the carrier nor going to the next secundogeniture heir of the immediate imperial family, it does not fulfill the definitions of [[secundogeniture]].
As explained, the first "adoptee" was Archduke Francis Ferdinand, b 1863 (not descended from [[Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este|Mary Beatrice d'Este]]), who took the name Austria-Este, and also in 1896 became the [[heir presumptive]] of the Austrian Empire, but was murdered 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo. Since his own children were born in morganatic marriage ([[Hohenberg]]), the Habsburgs designated his soon-to-be born great-nephew [[Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este|Robert]], b 8 Feb 1915, second son of the future emperor Charles, as the next "adopted Austria-Este". Through his mother [[Zita of Parma]] (a great-granddaughter of [[Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy|Teresa of Savoy]], Duchess of Lucca and Parma, who was daughter of [[Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1773-1832)|Teresa of Modena]], Queen of Sardinia, who was daughter of Mary Beatrice d'Este and Ferdinand of Austria, Duchess and Duke of Breisgau and Modena), [[Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este|Archduke Robert]] happened to be a descendant of Ercole d'Este III and thus the blood of last Este dukes joined with the name Austria-Este.
[[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] (1863-1914) subsequently used the title Archduke of '''Austria-Este'''. He also in 1896 became the [[heir presumptive]] of the [[Austria-Hungary]], but was murdered before succeeding as Emperor. He had married [[morganatic]]ally countess [[Sophie Chotek]], and their children were not members of Austrian Imperial House (having been born in morganatic marriage), but a separate surname and title, [[Hohenberg]], was created for them.
[[Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este|Archduke Robert of Austria-Este]] (1915-1996), second son of emperor [[Charles I of Austria]], was the next "adopted Austria-Este". He was a cognatic descendant of Ercole d'Este III and thus the blood of last Este dukes joined again with the name Austria-Este, which blood continues in all issue of Robert.
Archduke Robert has decreed that all his descendants in male line are entiled to the surname Austria-Este, and he took also the title Duke of Este, which is intended to be carried by the head of the family of Austria-Este.
Today, the carrier of such tradition is Archduke Lorenz Otto Charles of Austria-Este, born 1955, eldest son of Archduke Robert and [[Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este|Princess Margherita of Savoy-Aosta]]. [[Prince Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este|Archduke Lorenz]] is married to [[Princess Astrid of Belgium]], the only daughter of King [[Albert II of Belgium|Albert II of the Belgians]]. Since the throne of [[Belgium]] is inheritable also by females (and males do not have any precedence over females), Princess Astrid is the heiress of Belgium immediately after the issue of [[Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant|Crown Prince Philip]]. As such, her husband Archduke Lorenz of Austria-Este, Duke of Este, was in 1995 elevated to the additional title of Prince of Belgium. The children of the couple are since 1991 titled Archduke (Archduchess) of Austria-Este and Prince(ss) of Belgium. The eldest of these is [[Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este]], born 1986.
==Short Family Tree (Archdukes of Austria)==
[[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] ([[1717]]–[[1780]])
x [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] ([[1708]]-[[1765]])
|
+-- [[Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este|Ferdinand Karl Anton]] ([[1754]]-[[1806]])
| x [[Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este]] ([[1750]]-[[1829]])
| |
| +-- [[Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este|Ferdinand Karl]] ([[1781]]-[[1850]])
| +-- [[Archduke Karl of Austria-Este|Karl]] ([[1785]]-[[1809]])
| +-- [[Archduchess Marie Ludovika of Austria-Este|Marie Ludovika]] ([[1787]]-[[1816]])
| x [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Franz I of Austria]]
|
+-- [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]] ([[1747]]-[[1792]])
x [[Maria Luisa of Spain]] ([[1745]]-[[1792]])
|
+-- [[Franz I of Austria|Franz I]] ([[1768]]–[[1835]])
x Marie Ludovika, daughter of his uncle Ferdinand Karl
x [[Maria Theresa of Two Sicilies]] ([[1772]]–[[1807]])
|
+-- [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]] ([[1793]]–[[1875]])
+-- [[Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria|Marie Louise]], Empress of France
+-- [[Maria Leopoldina, Archduchess of Austria|Maria Leopoldina]], Empress of Brazil
+-- [[Franz Karl, Archduke of Austria|Franz Karl]] ([[1802]]-[[1878]])
x [[Sophie, Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bavaria|Sophie of Bavaria]] ([[1805]]-[[1872]])
|
+-- [[Franz Joseph of Austria|Franz Joseph]] ([[1830]]-[[1916]])
| x [[Elisabeth of Bavaria|Elisabeth "Sissi" of Austria]]
+-- [[Maximilian I of Mexico]] ([[1832]]-[[1867]])
+-- [[Maria Anna Caroline Pia of Austria|Maria Anna]] ([[1835]]-[[1840]])
+-- [[Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria|Ludwig Victor]] ([[1842]]-[[1919]]) (Ludwig Victor was younger than Karl Ludwig)
+-- [[Karl Ludwig of Austria|Karl Ludwig]] ([[1833]]-[[1896]])
x [[Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies|Maria Annunziata of Bourbon-Sicily]]
|
+-- [[Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand]] ([[1863]]-[[1914]])
+-- [[Archduke Otto Franz of Austria|Otto]] ([[1865]]-[[1906]])
x [[Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony|Maria Josepha of Saxony]]
|
+-- [[Karl I of Austria|Karl I]] ([[1887]]-[[1922]]), '''Last Emperor of Austria'''
| x [[Zita of Bourbon-Parma]] ([[1892]]-[[1989]])
| |
| +-- [[Archduke Otto of Austria|Otto]] ([[1912]]-), '''Current head of the Habsburg Family'''
| | x [[Regina, Crown Princess of Austria|Regina of Saxe-Meiningen]] ([[1925]]-)
| +-- [[Archduke Robert of Austria-Este|Robert]] ([[1915]]-[[1996]])
| | x [[Princess Margherita of Savoy-Aosta|Margherita of Savoy-Aosta]] ([[1930]]-)
| | |
| | +-- [[Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este|Maria Beatrix]] ([[1954]]-)
| | +-- [[Prince Lorenz of Belgium|Lorenz]] ([[1955]]-), '''Duke of Este'''
| | | x [[Princess Astrid of Belgium|Astrid of Belgium]] ([[1962]]-)
| | | |
| | | +-- [[Prince Amedeo of Belgium|Amedeo]] ([[1986]]-), '''Hereditary Duke of Este'''
| | | +-- [[Princess Maria Laura of Belgium|Maria Laura]] ([[1988]]-)
| | | +-- [[Archduke Joachim of Austria-Este|Joachim]] ([[1991]]-)
| | | +-- [[Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium|Luisa Maria]] ([[1995]]-)
| | | +-- [[Princess Laetitia Maria of Belgium|Laetitia Maria]] ([[2003]]-)
| | +-- [[Archduke Gerhard of Austria-Este|Gerhard]] ([[1957]]-)
| | +-- [[Archduke Martin of Austria-Este|Martin]] ([[1959]]-)
| | +-- [[Archduchess Isabella of Austria-Este|Isabella]] ([[1963]]-)
| +-- [[Archduke Felix of Austria|Felix]] ([[1916]]-)
| +-- [[Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (1918-2007)|Carl Ludwig]] ([[1918]]-[[2007]])
| +-- [[Archduke Rudolph of Austria|Rudolph]] ([[1919]]-)
+-- [[Maximilian, Archduke of Austria|Maximilian]] ([[1895]]-[[1952]])
==Short Family Tree (Dukes of Modena)==
'''Rinaldo III''' d'Este
x Charlotte, Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
|
+-- '''Francesco III''' (1698-1780)
x Teresa di Castellborco
x Charlotte d'Orléans
|
+-- '''Ercole III''' (1727-1803)
x Maria Teresa Cybo di Carrera
|
+-- Rinaldo Francesco d'Este (1753)
+-- '''Maria Beatrice''' (1750-1829)
x Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria
|
+-- Josef Franz (1772)
+-- [[Francis IV, Duke of Modena|Franz IV of Austria-Este]] (1779-1846)
| x Maria Beatrice, Princess of Savoie
| |
| +-- Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1817-1886)
| | x Henri V of Bourbon
| +-- [[Francis V, Duke of Modena|Franz V of Austria-Este]] (1819-1875)
| | x Adelgunde, Princess of Bayern
| | |
| | +-- Anna Beatrice of Austria-Este (1848-1949)
| |
| +-- Ferdinand Karl Austria-Este (1821-1849)
| | x Elizabeth Austria (grand daughter of Emperor Leopold II)
| | |
| | +-- Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1849-1919)
| | x Ludwig III, King of Bayern
| |
| +-- Maria Beatrix Austria-Este (1824-1906)
| x Juan of Borbon, Comte de Montizon
| |
| +-- Carlos of Borbón, Duke de Madrid (1848-1909)
| +-- Alfonso Carlos of Borbon, Duke de San Jaime (1849-1936)
|
+-- Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1781-1850), ''unmarried''
+-- Maximilian Joseph of Austria-Este (1782-1863), ''unmarried''
+-- Karl of Austria-Este (1785-1809), Archbishop of [[Esztergom]]
+-- Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1773-1832)
| x Vittorio Emanuele I of Savoy; had issue
|
+-- Josepha of Austria-Este (1775-1777)
+-- Maria-Leopoldine of Austria-Este (1776-1848)
| x Ludwig, Count of Arco; had issue
|
+-- Maria Antonia (1784-1786)
+-- Marie Ludovika of Austria-Este (1787-1816)
x Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor
Cf also: [[List of Dukes of Modena]]
[[Category:House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]
[[Category:House of Austria-Este| ]]
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