Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|59|0|d|55}}-{{ICD10|D|59|1|d|55}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|283.0}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = |
eMedicineTopic = |
MeshID = D000744 |
}}
'''Autoimmune hemolytic anemia''' (AIHA) is a type of [[hemolytic anemia]] where the body's immune system attacks its own [[red blood cells]] (RBCs), leading to their destruction ([[hemolysis]]). [[Antibodies]] and associated [[complement system]] components become fixed onto the [[Red blood cell|RBC]] surface. These [[antibodies]] can be detected with the [[Coombs test#Direct Coombs test|direct antiglobulin test]], also known as the direct [[Coombs test]]. AIHA can also be induced by several drugs including methyl-dopa and fluarabine.
[[Autoimmunity]] must not be confused with [[alloimmunity]].
==Classification==
Haemolysis can be intravascular or extravascular.
'''Intravascular haemolysis'''<br>
Red blood cell lysis occurs in the circulation as a result of activation of the [[complement system]] cascade.
'''Extravascular haemolysis'''<br>
Red Blood Cells that are coated with antibodies are specifically recognised in the [[reticuloendothelial system]] and destroyed by [[macrophages]].
===Subtypes===
'''[[Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]'''
*Idiopathic
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Evans' syndrome]] (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]
*Drugs ([[methyldopa]])
'''Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia'''
*[[Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria]] (rare)
*[[Lymphoma]]
'''Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia'''
==Laboratory findings==
*Positive direct [[Coombs test]]
*[[Anaemia]]
==See also==
*[[Haematology]]
*[[Haemolytic anaemia]]
==References==
*[http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic979.htm eMedicine]
==External links==
* Case report of [http://clinicalcases.blogspot.com/2003/06/hemoglobin-42-due-to-autoimmune.html Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia] with typical laboratory findings. Clinical Cases and Images.
{{Hematology}}
[[Category:Blood disorders]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
{{immunology-stub}}
[[de:Autoimmunhämolytische Anämie]]
[[es:Anemia inmunohemolítica]]
[[pt:Anemia hemolítica auto-imune]]