Badami
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217116790
2008-06-04T17:57:08Z
Rjwilmsi
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[[WP:AWB/T|Typo]]/[[Template:Citation|date]] fixes, typos fixed: hindu → Hindu using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]]
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name = Badami |
skyline = |
skyline_caption=A cave temple at Badami|
type = city |
latd = 15.92 | longd = 75.68|
locator_position = right |
state_name = Karnataka |
district = [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]] |
leader_title = |
leader_name = |
altitude = 586|
population_as_of = 2001 |
population_total = 25851|
population_density = |
area_magnitude= |
area_total = 10.9 |
area_telephone = 08357 |
postal_code = 587 201|
vehicle_code_range = |
sex_ratio = |
unlocode = |
website = |
footnotes = |
}}
'''Badami''' ([[Kannada language|Kannada]]: ಬದಾಮಿ), formerly known as '''Vatapi''', is a [[panchayat town]] in the [[Bagalkot District]] of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It was the regal capital of the [[Badami Chalukyas]] from 540 to 757 AD. It is famous for rock cut and other structural temples. It is located in a ravine at the foot of a rugged, red [[sandstone]] outcrop that surrounds Agastya lake.
==Etymology==
The name Vatapi has origin in the Vatapi legend of Ramayana relating to Sage [[Agastya]]. There were two demon siblings Vatapi and Ilvala. They used to kill all mendicants by tricking them in a peculiar way. The elder Ilvala would turn Vatapi into a ram and would offer its meat to the guest. As soon as the person ate the meat, Ilvala would call out the name of Vatapi. As he had a boon that whomsoever Ilvala calls would return from even the netherland, Vatapi would emerge ripping through the body of the person, thus killing him. Their trick worked until Sage Agastya countered them by digesting Vatapi before Ilvala could call for him, thus ending the life of Vatapi at the hands of Ilvala. Two of the hills in Badami represent the demons Vatapi and Ilvala.
==History==
[[Image:Badami countryside.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Tank at Badami, a town known for its cave temples]]
[[Image:BadamiChalukya mix Kannada Devanagari inscription.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Kannada]]-[[Devanagari]] inscription, [[Badami Cave Temples]] (6th. c.CE.)]]
Badami was the capital of the Early Chalukyas, who ruled much of Karnataka and [[Andhra Pradesh]] between the 6th and 8th centuries. It was founded in 540 A.D. by [[Pulakesi I]](535-566 AD), an early ruler of the [[Chalukyas]]. His sons Kirthivarman (567-598 AD) and his brother Mangalesha I (598-610 AD) constructed the cave temples. The greatest among them was Pulakeshi II (610-642 AD) who defeated many kings including [[Pallava]] king Mahendra Verman I and extended the kingdom.
Reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Chalukya
Reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture
[[Image:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg|thumb|right|250px|Core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]]]
The rock-cut [[Badami Cave Temples]] were sculpted mostly between the 6th and 8th centuries. The four cave temples represent the secular nature of the rulers then, with tolerance and a religious following that inclines towards [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]]. cave 1 is devoted to [[Shiva]], and Caves 2 and 3 are dedicated to [[Vishnu]], whereas cave 4 displays reliefs of [[Jain]] [[Tirthankaras]]. Deep caverns with carved images of the various incarnations of Hindu gods are strewn across the area, under boulders and in the red sandstone. From an [[architectural]] and [[archaeological]] perspective, they provide critical evidence of the early styles and stages of the southern Indian architecture.
The [[Pallavas]] under the king [[Narasimhavarman I]] (also called Mamalla Pallava) seized it in 642 A.D. Vikramaditya I of Chalukyas drove back Pallavas in 654 A.D. and led a successful attack on [[Kanchipuram]], the capital of Pallavas. The [[Rashtrakutas]] absorbed karnataka including Badami around 757 AD and the town lost its importance. The later Chalukyas of Kalyani defeated them and were able to keep region from 973 A.D. to 1189 A.D., when it was occupied by the [[Hoysalas]].
Then it passed on to [[Vijayanagara empire]], The Adil Shahis, The Savanur Nawabs, The Marathas, Hyder Ali. The Britishers made it part of the Bombay Presidency.
===Insciptions===
Badami has eighteen inscriptions, among them some inscriptions are important. The first Sanskrit inscription in old Kannada script, on a hillock dates back to 543 CE, from the period of Pulakesi I (Vallabheswara), the second is the 578 CE cave inscription of Mangalesa in Kannada language and script and the third is the [[Kappe Arabhatta]] records, the earliest available Kannada poetry in ''tripadi'' (three line) metre.<ref name="language">Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath (2001), A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC (Reprinted 2002), p9, p10, 57, p59 OCLC: 7796041 </ref><ref name="language3">K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, p34, p46, p50</ref><ref name="language1">{{cite web|title=Badami Chalukyans' magical transformation|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jul262005/spectrum1422512005725.asp |author= Azmathulla Shariff ||work= Deccan Herald, Spectrum, July 26, 2005|accessdate=2006-11-10}}</ref> one inscription near the Bhutanatha temple, on a rock, testifies to Mamalla Pallava's victory over the Chalukyas in the year 642 CE. It also has inscriptions dating back to the 12th century in Jain rock-cut temple dedicated to the Tirtankara Adinatha.
==Geography==
Badami is located at {{coor d|15.92|N|75.68|E|}}<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Badami.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Badami]</ref>. It has an average elevation of 586 [[metre]]s (1922 [[foot (unit of length)|feet]]). It is located at the mouth of a ravine between two rocky hills and surrounds Agastya tirtha water reservoir on the three other sides. The total area of the town is 10.3 square kilometers.
It is located 128 kilometers from [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]], 132 kilometers from [[Hubli]], 46 kilometers from [[Aihole]], another ancient town, and 500 kilometers from [[Bangalore]], the state capital.
===Climate===
*Summer - March to June
*Spring - Jan to March
*Monsoons - July to October that contributes to rainfall
*Winter - November to Jan
The temperature ranges from minimum 23 degrees to 45 degrees during summer and from 15 to 29 degrees in winter. The rainfall of the area is 50 centimeters. Best time to visit is between low humid season from November and March.
The cool climate has made it a safe haven for the monkeys of south India. Tourists often flock to Bamadi for the opportunity to see monkeys interact in a natural environment. There are even glass enclosures in trees , called Glass Baristas, where one can sit and have a meal while monkeys interact right beyond the glass.
==Economy==
The main economy is centered around karnataka tourism.
==Government==
It is a town in the [[Bagalkot District]] in [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]. It is also head quarters of Badami Taluk in the district.
==Transport==
The nearest airport is Belgaum about 150 kilometers away. It is on the Hubli Sholapur rail route, and the rail station is 5 kilometers from the town. It is also connected by road to Hubli and Bijapur. Badami is reachable from Bangalore by a 12-hour bus ride, or with a combination of an overnight train journey from Bangalore to Hospet followed by a short bus ride from Hospet to Badami.
Local transport is by Rickshaws, tongas and city buses.
==Demographics==
[[As of 2001]] India [[census]]<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref>, Badami had a population of 25,851. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Badami has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
[[Image:Badami cave3 Vishnu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Badami Cave Temple No 3.(Vishnu)]]
==Culture==
Badami is full of cave temples, gateways, forts, inscriptions and sculptures. People speak Kannada, Hindi and English. They wear traditional Indian cotton wear.
Attractions
* Four rock-cut [[Badami Cave Temples]] between the 6th and 8th centuries. The magnificent among the carvings are 81 dance poses of Nataraja. Important carvings are of Hindu deities Ganapati, Shanmuka, Mahishasura Mardhini, Ardha Nariswara, Sankara Narayana, Vishnu, Trivikrama, Astadikpalakas and Adisesha.
* Fourth cave temple daing back to 12th century with carvings of Jain Tirthankaras Mahavira, Parshwanatha and Padmavati.
* A Buddhist cave in a natural setting that can be entered only by crawling on knees.
* The Bhutanatha temple, a small shrine, facing the lake, constructed in 5th century.
* Badami Fort situated on top of the hill.
* Many Shivalayas including the Malegitti Shivalaya with 7th century origins.
* The Dattatreya temple.
* The Mallikarjuna temple dating back to the 11th century, built on a star shaped plan.
* a [[Dargah]], a dome of an [[Islamic]] place of worship on the south fort side.
* Vista points on top of the North Fort for the view of the ancient town below.
* Famous Banashankari Temple in nearby place.
* Archaeological museum, that has collection of sculptures from Badami, [[Aihole]] and [[Pattadakal]].
==See also==
*[[Badami Chalukya Architecture]]
*[[Badami Cave Temples]]
*[[Pattadakal]]
*[[Aihole]]
*[[Lakkundi]]
*[[Gadag]]
*[[Sudi]]
==External links==
*[http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/badami/baplan.html Badami art and archearlogy]
*[http://www.indiamonumnets.org Photographs of Badami and other monuments of Karnataka]
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2121/stories/20041022000406400.htm Article on Indian Murals]
*[http://www.indoarch.org Architecture of Indian Subcontinent (under Karnataka)]
*[http://www.indiantemples.com/Karnataka/badami.html Badami temples of Karnataka]
*[http://bagalkot.nic.in/badami.htm Bagalkot district info about Badami]
*[http://www.india-picture.net/badami?page=2 Photos of historical sites of Badami]
*[http://peermade.info/pager.php?page=travelgallery&spot=bellarry&trip=badami Badami Photogallery]
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Indian architecture]]
[[Category:Architectural styles]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Places connected with Jainism]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in India]]
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