Baku
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{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Baku
|native_name = Bakı
|image_skyline = Baku-super142546.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_flag =
|image_seal = Baku seal.PNG
|image_map =
|mapsize = 150px
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Azerbaijan<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Azerbaijan
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Azerbaijan]]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Hacıbala Abutalıbov]]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 260
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2005
|population_footnotes =
<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://books.mongabay.com/population_estimates/full/Baku-Azerbaijan.html
|title=Population estimates for Baku, Azerbaijan, 1950-2015
|accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref>
|population_total = 2,036,000
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 7830.76
|timezone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
|utc_offset = +4
|timezone_DST = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
|utc_offset_DST = +5
|latd=40 |latm=23 |lats=43|latNS=N
|longd=49 |longm=52 |longs=56|longEW=E
|elevation_m = -28
|area_code = 12
|postal_code_type = [[Postal code]]
|postal_code = AZ1000
|website = [http://www.bakucity.az BakuCity.az]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Baku''' ({{lang-az|Bakı}}), sometimes known as '''Baqy''', '''Baky''' or '''Baki''', is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of [[Azerbaijan]]. Located on the southern shore of the [[Absheron|Absheron Peninsula]], the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old [[Inner City (Baku)|Inner City]] (21,5 [[hectare|ha]]). As of [[January 1]], [[2005]] the population was 2,036,000 of which 153,400 were [[internally displaced person]]s and 93,400 refugees.<ref>{{ru icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.baku-online.com/ru/baku.htm|title= Баку|author= |accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> Baku is a member of [[Organization of World Heritage Cities]] and [[Sister Cities International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bakucity.az/main/index_en.html|title= The main directions of foreign relations of the executive authorities of Baku|author= |accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> The city was also [[Baku 2016 Olympic bid|bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympics]], but was eliminated June 4, 2008.<ref>http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/news/story?id=3425680</ref>
Baku is divided into eleven administrative districts, or [[raion]]s (Azizbayov, Binagadi, Garadagh, Narimanov, Nasimi, Nizami, Sabail, Sabunchu, Khatai, Surakhany and Yasamal) and 48 townships. Among these are the townships on islands in the [[Baku Bay]] and the town of [[Oil Rocks]] built on stilts in the [[Caspian Sea]], 60 km away from Baku.
==Etymology==
The name Baku is widely believed to be derived from the old [[Persian Language|Persian]] names of the city ''Bād-kube'' "باد کوبہ", meaning "Wind-pounded [[city]]", in which "Bād" means [[wind]] and "Kube" is rooted in the verb "Kubidan", to pound, thus referring to a place where wind is strong and pounding. Indeed, the city is renown for its fierce winter snow storms and harsh winds.<ref>http://www.iranchamber.com/podium/culture/020920_politicizing_linguistics.php</ref>{{Dubious|date=March 2008}} It is also believed that Baku refers to ''Baghkuh'', meaning "Mount of God". ''Baga'' (now ''Bagh'') and ''Kaufa'' (now ''Kuh'') are the [[Old Persian]] words for God and Mountain respectively; the name ''Baghkuh'' may be compared with ''[[Baghdad|Baghdād]]'' (God-given) in which ''dā'' is the Old Persian word for ''give.'' [[Arabic]] sources refer to the city as ''Baku'', ''Bakukh'', ''Bakuya'', and ''Bakuye'', all of which seem to come from a Persian name.
Various different hypotheses were also proposed to explain the etymology of the word "Baku". According L.G.Lopatinski<ref>Ган К.Ф. Oпыть объяснения кавказских географических названий. Тифлис, 1909</ref> and Ali Huseynzade<ref>[http://window2baku.com/eng/9002toponimbaku.htm The Name “Baku”<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> "Baku" is derived from Turkic word for "hill". Specialist in the Caucasian history, K.P. Patkanov also explaines the name as "hill" but in [[Lak language]]<ref>[http://window2baku.com/eng/9002toponimbaku.htm The Name “Baku”<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
The Turkish “Islamic Encyclopedia” presents the origin of the word “Baku” as being derived from the words “Bey-Kyoy” which mean “the main city” in Turkish.
==History==
{{Main|History of Baku}}
The first written evidence for Baku is related to the 6th century AD.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldheritage.heindorffhus.dk/frame-AzerbaijanBaku.htm |title= Azerbaijan - Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace...|author= |accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref>
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| Name = Walled City of Baku with the [[Palace of the Shirvanshahs|Shirvanshah's Palace]] and [[Maiden Tower (Baku)|Maiden Tower]]
| infoboxwidth= 250px
| Image = [[Image:Maiden Tower, Baku.jpg|230px|The Maiden Tower in old town Baku]]
| State_Party = {{AZE}}
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = iv
| ID = 958
| Region = Caucasus
| Year = 2000
| Session = 24th
| Danger = 2003-
}}
The city became important after an earthquake destroyed [[Shamakhy]] and in the 12th century, ruling [[Shirvanshah]] [[Ahsitan I]] made Baku the new capital. In 1501, [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] [[Shah Ismail I]] laid a siege on Baku. At this time the city was however enclosed with the lines of strong walls, which were washed by sea on one side and protected by a wide trench on land. In 1540 Baku was again captured by the Safavid troops. In 1604 the Baku fortress was destroyed by Iranian shah [[Abbas I of Safavid|Abbas I]].
[[Image:Baku gub coa n655.gif|left|thumb|100px|Coat of arms of the [[Baku governorate]].]]
On [[June 26]], [[1723]], after a lasting siege using cannons, Baku surrendered to the Russians. According to [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]]'s decree the soldiers of two regiments (2,382 people) were left in the Baku garrison under the command of Prince Baryatyanski, the commandant of the city. In 1795, Baku was invaded by [[Agha Muhammad Khan]] Qajar to defend against the [[tsar]]ist Russia beginning a policy of subduing the South Caucasus to itself. In the spring of 1796 by [[Yekaterina II]]’s order General Zubov’s troops started a large campaign in Transcaucasia. Baku surrendered after the first demand of Zubov who had sent 6,000 militants to capture the city. On [[June 13]], 1796 the Russian flotilla entered the Baku bay and a garrison of the Russian troops was placed in the city. General [[Pavel Tsitsianov]] was appointed the Baku's commandant. Later, however, Czar [[Paul I of Russia|Pavel I]] ordered him to cease the campaign and withdraw the Russian forces. In March, 1797 the tsarist troops left Baku but a new tsar, [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] began to show a special interest in capturing Baku. In 1803, Tsitsianov reached an agreement with the Baku khan to compromise, but the agreement was soon annulled. On [[February 8]], [[1806]], upon the surrendering of Baku, [[Huseyngulu khan]] of Baku stabbed and killed Tsitsianov at the gates of the city.
In 1813 , Russia signed the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] with Persia, which provided for the cession of Baku and most of the [[Caucasus]] from [[Iran]] and their annexation by [[Russia]].
===Oil boom===
{{main|Oil industry in Azerbaijan}}
The first oil well was drilled in Bibi-Heybat suburb of Baku in 1846. But the large-scale oil development started in 1872, when the Russian imperial authorities auctioned the parcels of oil-rich land around Baku to private investors. Within a short period of time [[Switzerland|Swiss]], [[United Kingdom|British]], [[List of French companies|French]], [[Belgian]], [[Germany|German]], [[Sweden|Swedish]] and [[United States|American]] investors appeared in Baku, among them were the firms of the [[Nobel Industries (Sweden)|Nobel brothers]] and [[Rothschild family|Rothschild]]s, and industrial oil belt, better known as Black City, was established near Baku. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the [[oil reserves]] in the world had been extracted in Baku.<ref>[http://www.window2baku.com/eng/9001history_3.htm Window2Baku.com]</ref>
In 1917, after the [[October revolution]], in the turmoil of the ongoing [[World War I]] and breakup of [[Russian Empire]], Baku came under the control of [[Baku Commune]] led by a veteran Bolshevik, [[Stepan Shaumyan]]. Seeking to capitalize on the existing inter-ethnic conflicts, by spring 1918, Bolsheviks inspired and condoned a civil warfare in and around Baku. During the infamous [[March Days]], using the support of the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation|Dashnak Armenian]] militia in the city, and under the pretext of suppressing [[Musavat]] party, Bolsheviks attacked and massacred thousands of Azeris and other Muslims in Baku <ref>Michael Smith. "Anatomy of Rumor: Murder Scandal, the Musavat Party and Narrative of the Russian Revolution in Baku, 1917-1920", ''Journal of Contemporary History'', Vol 36, No. 2, (Apr. 2001), p. 228</ref>.
On [[May 28]], [[1918]] the Azerbaijani fraction of the [[Transcaucasian Sejm]] proclaimed the independent [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] (ADR) in [[Ganja (city)|Ganja]]. Shortly after, Azerbaijani forces, with support of the [[Army of Islam|Ottoman Army of Islam]] led by [[Nuru Pasha]], started their advance onto Baku, eventually capturing the city from the loose coalition of [[Bolsheviks]], [[Esers]], [[Dashnaks]], [[Mensheviks]] and the British forces under the command of General [[Dunsterville]] on [[September 15]], 1918. Thousands of Armenians in the city were massacred in revenge for the earlier [[March Days]] <ref>Furuz Kazemzadeh, ''Struggle For Transcaucasia (1917 - 1921)'', New York Philosophical Library, 1951, p. 143-144</ref>. Baku became the capital of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|ADR]], and two years later - when on April 28, 1920, the [[11th Red Army]] invaded Baku and reinstalled the Bolshevik power - the capital of [[Azerbaijan SSR]].
===Historical city core===
[[Image:Shirvanshakh.jpg|thumb|250px|Icheri Sheher - an old inner city of Baku]]
The centre of Baku is the old town, which is also a fortress. In December 2000, the [[Inner City (Baku)|Inner City]] of Baku with the [[Palace of the Shirvanshahs]] and [[Maiden Tower (Baku)|Maiden Tower]] became the first location in Azerbaijan classified as a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]].
Most of the walls and towers, strengthened after the Russian conquest in 1806, survived. This section is picturesque, with its maze of narrow alleys and ancient buildings: the cobbled streets past the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, two [[caravansaries]] (ancient inns), the Maiden Tower (nice view of the harbor), the baths and the [[Friday Mosque|Juma Mosque]] (it used to house the Carpet and Applied Arts Museum, but now is a [[mosque]] again; the carpets got moved to the former [[Lenin]] museum). The old town also has dozens of small mosques, often without any particular sign to distinguish them from the next building.
In 2003 , UNESCO placed the Inner City on the [[List of World Heritage Sites in danger|List of World Heritage in Danger]], citing damage from a [[2000 Baku earthquake|November 2000 earthquake]], poor conservation as well as "dubious" restoration efforts<sup>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/958]</sup>. The [[Martyrs' Lane]], formerly the Kirov Park, is dedicated to the memory of those who lost their lives during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh War]] and also to the 137 people who were killed on [[Black January]], 1990.
==Climate==
[[Image:Baku Satellite.jpg|thumb|200px|Satellite view of Baku]]
During Soviet times, Baku was a vacation destination where citizens could enjoy beaches or relax in now-dilapidated [[destination spa|spa]] complexes overlooking the Caspian Sea. The climate is hot and humid in the summer, and cool and wet in the winter. During the winter gale-force winds sweep through on occasion, driven by masses of polar air (strong northern winds ''[[Khazri]]'' and southern ''[[Gilavar]]'' are typical here); however, snow is rare at 28 [[metre|m]] below sea level, and temperatures on the coast rarely drop to freezing. The average annual temperature of Baku and that of the Earth differ by less than 0.1 °C (14.2 °C).<ref>[http://www.window2baku.com/eng/9000capital.htm Window to Baku]</ref> The southwestern part of Great Baku is a more arid part of Azerbaijan (precipitation here is less than 150 mm a year). In the vicinities of the city there are a number of mud volcanoes (Keyraki, Bogkh-bogkha, Lokbatan and others) and salt lakes (Boyukshor, Khodasan etc.).
{{Baku weatherbox}}
==Demographics==
Until 1988 Baku had very large Armenian, Russian, and Jewish population that contributed to cultural diversity and added in various ways (music, literature, architecture) to Baku's history treasure chest.
Under Communism, the Soviets took over the majority of Jewish property in Baku and Kuba. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijani President [[Heydar Aliev]] has returned several synagogues and a Jewish college nationalized by the Soviets, to the [[Jewish]] community. He has encouraged the restoration of these buildings and is well-liked by the Jews of Azerbaijan. Renovation has begun on seven of the original eleven synagogues, including the Gilah synagogue, built in 1896, and the large Kruei Synagogue.<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Azerbaijan.html JewishVirtualLibrary.org]</ref>. The new [[Constitution of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan constitution]] grants religious freedom and asserts that there is no state religion.
Currently vast majority of the population of Baku are ethnic [[Azerbaijanis]] (more than 90%). The intensive growth of the population started in the middle of the 19th century when Baku was a small town with the population of about 7 thousand people all in all. The population increased again from about 13,000 in the 1860s to 112,000 in 1897 and 215,000 in 1913, making Baku the largest city in the Caucasus region.<ref>[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-946.html Country-data.com]</ref>
Baku has been a cosmopolitan city at certain times during its history, meaning ethnic Azerbaijanis did not constitute the majority of population. <ref>Audrey Altstadt, Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 112, table 4.1, Ethnic composition of Baku, 1897, 1903,1913</ref>
<center>
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
! Year !! Armenians !! Azerbaijanis!! Georgians !! Iranian Citizens !! Jews !! Russians !! Total
|- align="center"
|1897
|19,060
|40,148
|971
|9,426
|2,341
|37,399
|111,904
|- align="center"
|1903
|26,151
|44,257
|N/A
|11,132
|N/A
|56,955
|155,876
|- align="center"
|1913
|41,680
|45,962
|4,073
|25,096
|9,690
|76,288
|214,672
|}</center>
===Religion===
More than 94% of the residents of Baku practice various forms of [[Islam]] (vast majority [[Shia Islam|Shia]]). A small minority of the population (about 4%) are [[Christians]] (majority [[Russian Orthodox Church]], [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and [[Molokans]]). Baku also has three different Jewish communities, namely the [[Ashkenazim Jews]], the [[Mountain Jews]], and the [[Georgian Jews]].
==Economy==
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:326891.jpg|thumb|225px|A [[sandstone]] monument to the Baku oil men.]] -->
[[Image:326891.jpg|thumb|250px|Business buildings at Jafar Jabbarli Street]]
The basis of Baku's economy is [[petroleum]]. The existence of petroleum has been known since the 8th century. In the 10th century, the Arabian traveler, Marudee, reported that both white and black oil were being extracted naturally from Baku<sup>[http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/22_folder/22_articles/22_historyofoil.html]</sup>. By the 15th century oil for lamps was obtained from hand dug surface wells. Commercial exploitation began in 1872 , and by the beginning of the 20th century the Baku oil fields were the largest in the world. Towards the end of the 20th century much of the onshore petroleum had been exhausted, and drilling had extended into the sea offshore. By the end of the 19th century skilled workers and specialists flocked to Baku. By 1900 the city had more than 3,000 oil wells of which 2,000 of them were producing oil at industrial levels. Baku ranked as one of the largest centres for the production of oil industry equipment before WWII. The [[World War II]] [[Battle of Stalingrad]] was fought to determine who would have control of the Baku oil fields. Fifty years before the battle, Baku produced half of the world's oil supply: Azerbaijan and the United States are the only two countries ever to have been the world's majority oil producer. Currently the oil economy of Baku is undergoing a resurgence, with the development of the massive [[Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli]] field (Shallow water Gunashli by [[SOCAR]], deeper areas by a consortium lead by [[BP]]), development of the [[Shah Deniz gas field]], the expansion of the [[Sangachal Terminal]] and the construction of the [[Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline| BTC Pipeline]]. The old Inturist Hotel was one of Baku's largest, now being renovated, but overshadowed by the newer [[Hyatt]] Park, Hyatt Regency, Park Inn and Excelsior.
[[Baku Stock Exchange]] has been operating since February 2001.
==Infrastructure==
Bulk power supply of Baku is provided by five 110 [[kV]] lines. As of February 8, 2008 three of them (total length 23,6 km) have been completely refitted and modernized with their carrying capacity being doubled.<ref name="POW">{{ru icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.azeri.ru/papers/news-azerbaijan/13024/|title= Выполненные ОАО "Бакыэлекрикшебеке" обеспечивают стабильность электроснабжения Баку|author= |accessdate=2008-03-07}}</ref> Three 110 kV and twelve 35 kV substations were commissioned recently.<ref name="POW"/>
Water supply is secured by several lines, the purest water comes from Khachmaz and Shollar lines.<ref>{{ru icon}}{{cite web|url=http://water-resources.iatp.az/water-resources/Rus/Institutional%20Aspects.html|title= Институциональные аспекты управления и охраны водных ресурсов в Азербайджане|author= |accessdate=2008-03-07}}</ref>
==Transport and communication==
[[Image:Baku.aeroport.jpg|thumb|left|150px| Baku International Airport named after Heydar Aliyev]]
Baku is served by the [[Heydar Aliyev International Airport]]and the [[Baku Metro]]. There were once also trams. There are two official [[Taxicab|taxi]] companies in the city: the yellow Star cabs and the white taxis with blue sign from "Azerq Taxis". The [[van]] buses stop at any point along that route when flagged down or told to stop. Shipping services operate regularly from Baku across the Caspian Sea to [[Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan|Turkmenbashi]] (formerly Krasnovodsk) in [[Turkmenistan]] and to [[Bandar Anzali]] and [[Bandar Nowshar]] in Iran. The city's main [[Internet provider]]s are [[ADaNet]] and [[AzInternet Services]].
==Education==
As Azerbaijan's centre of education, Baku boasts many [[university|universities]] and [[vocational school]]s. After Azerbaijan gained independence, the fall of Communism led to development of a number of private institutions. Baku also houses the [[Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan]] founded here in 1945 .
===Public universities===
*[[Azerbaijan Medical University]] (founded 1930)
*[[Azerbaijan State Economic University]] (1930)
*[[Azerbaijan State Oil Academy]] (1920)
*[[Azerbaijan Technical University]] (1950)
*[[Azerbaijan University of Languages]] (1973)
*[[Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University]] (1975)
*[[Baku Academy of Music]] (1920)
*[[Baku Slavic University]] (1946)
*[[Baku State University]] (1919)
===Private universities===
*[[Azerbaijan International University]] (1997)
*[[Khazar University]] (1991)
*[[Odlar Yurdu University]] (1995)
*[[Qafqaz University]] (1992)
*[[Western University]] (1991)
==Entertainment==
[[Image:Filarmoniya.jpg|thumb|left|180px| Philharmonic Hall of Baku]]
Baku has a vibrant life regarding theatre, opera and ballet, drawing both from the rich local dramatic portfolio and from the international repertoire. The main movie theatre is "Azerbaijan Cinema". The [[Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre]], designed by architect N. G. Bayev, is one of the most ornate [[music hall]]s in the city. The [[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|State Philharmonic Hall]] with excellent [[Musical acoustics|acoustic conditions]] often holds performances outside, in a pleasant park. The [[Carpet and Applied Arts Museum]] exhibits the carpets from all periods, styles and from both Azerbaijan proper and the Azeri provinces in Iran. Baku also houses country's biggest [[art museum]] - [[Azerbaijan State Museum of Art]], a depository of both domestic and foreign works of art, [[Western art|Western]] and [[Eastern art|Eastern]].
[[Heydar Aliyev Palace]] is one of the main venues featuring sizeable performances (e.g. that of [[Coolio]]), though it is currently closed for a major refurbishment. Some of the most popular [[discotheque]]s and [[night club]]s include, "X-Site", "Capitol Night Club", "Le Chevalier" at Europa Hotel, "[[Zagulba]] Disco Club" and "Le Mirage". Most of them are open till the early hours of the morning. The "Capitol Night Club" is a lively night spot with [[gay]] elements, playing a blend of local, Russian and Western music, [[R&B]], [[Trance music|trance]], [[europop]] and [[techno]].
Most of the pubs and bars are located near [[Fountain Square]] and are usually open until the early hours of the morning. There are several British and Irish style [[pub]]s, among them "Corner Bar", "Shakespeares", "Finnigans" the "Rig Bar", "O'Malley's" and the "Phoenix Bar". There is also a Jazz Club. The [[Baku International Jazz Festival]] is organized annually.
Notable beaches include [[Shikhovo]] and "One Thousand and One Nights".
==Sister cities==
* {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]
* {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Basra]], [[Iraq]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Bordeaux]], [[France]]
* {{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]]
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Honolulu]], [[USA]]
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Houston]], [[USA]]
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Izmir]], [[Turkey]]
* {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Mainz]], [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Naples]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint-Petersburg]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]]
* {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vung Tau]], [[Vietnam]]
Partnership relations at different levels were established with [[Berlin]], [[Paris]], [[Aberdeen]], [[Vienna]], [[Stavanger]], [[Tbilisi]], [[Astana]], [[Minsk]], [[Moscow]], [[Volgograd]], [[Tashkent]], [[Stambul]] and [[Chengdu]].<ref>{{ru icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijan.az/_GeneralInfo/_Capital/capital_02_r.html|title= Executive Power of the Baku City|publisher = Azerbaijan.az|author= |accessdate=2008-04-08}}</ref>
==Famous people from Baku==
{{details|:Category:People from Baku}}
Because of intermittent periods of great prosperity and as the largest city in the Caucasus and one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse in the Soviet Union, Baku prides itself on having produced a disproportionate number of notable figures in the sciences, arts and other fields. Some of the houses they resided in display commemorative plaques.
===Science===
*[[Abbasgulu Bakikhanov]], philosopher
*[[Kerim Kerimov]], one of the founders and head of [[Soviet space program]] for 25 years
*[[Lev Landau]], physicist, winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] of 1962
*[[Lotfi Zadeh]], inventor of [[fuzzy logic]]
*[[Max Black]], philosopher
===Music===
*[[Bul-Bul]], singer.
*[[Polad Bul-Bul oglu]], singer.
*[[Fikret Amirov]], composer.
*[[Alexey Ekimyan]], composer and police general.
*[[Artemi Ayvazyan]], composer and conductor.
*[[Gara Garayev]], composer.
*[[Uzeyir Hajibeyov]], composer.
*[[Muslim Magomayev (grandson)|Muslim Magomayev]], famous opera and pop singer.
*[[Vagif Mustafazadeh]], iconic Soviet jazz pianist, composer.
*[[Alim Qasimov]], [[Mugham]] [[singer]] (a nearby village).
*[[Mstislav Rostropovich]], cellist.
*[[Lutviyar Imanov]],famous opera singer.
*[[Larisa Dolina]], Russian pop singer
===Literature and Arts===
*[[Sattar Bahlulzade]], painter
*[[Huseyn Javid]], poet and playwright
*[[Mikayil Mushfig]], poet
*[[Lev Nussimbaum]], writer, author of the best-selling novel "Ali and Nino"
*[[Tahir Salahov]], painter and draughtsman
===Chess===
* [[Garri Kasparov]], grandmaster and world champion
* [[Elmar Magerramov]], grandmaster
* [[Teimour Radjabov]], grandmaster
* [[Emil Sutovsky]], grandmaster
* [[Tatiana Zatulovskaya]], grandmaster
===Entertainment===
* [[Rasim Ismaylov]], film director and writer
* [[Rustam Ibrahimbeyov]], screenwriter and [[Academy Award]] winner
* [[Magsud Ibrahimbeyov]], writer
* [[Murad Ibrahimbeyov]], film director
* [[Abbas Sharifzadeh]], actor and director
* [[Vladimir Menshov]], [[Academy Award]] winning film producer.
* [[Sergo Zakariadze]], actor
* [[Henry David]], actor
===Business===
* [[Vagit Alekperov]], founder of the leading Russian oil company [[LUKOIL]]
* [[Murtuza Mukhtarov]], oil industrialist and millionaire
* [[Musa Nagiyev]], industrial magnate in late 19th - early 20th century
* [[Zeynalabdin Taghiyev]], industrial magnate and philanthropist
===Politics===
*[[Khalilullah I]], (1417-1465), ruler of [[Shirvan]]
*[[Mammed Amin Rasulzade]], politician, founding father of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]
*[[Georgy Shakhnazarov]], Soviet political scientist
*[[Alimardan Topchubashev]], politician, foreign minister of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]
===Military===
*[[Ziya Bunyadov]], [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] and Academician
*[[Mehdi Huseynzade]], [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Rafael Ivanovich Kapreliants|Rafael Kapreliants (Gabrielyan)]], [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Musa Manarov]], cosmonaut
*[[Samedbey Mehmandarov]], [[Russian Empire|Russian tsarist]] general, Minister of Defense of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]
*[[Ali-Agha Shikhlinski]], [[Russian Empire|Russian tsarist]] lieutenant-general, Deputy Minister of Defense of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]
*[[Richard Sorge]], famous Soviet spy
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Bay in Baku.JPG|Bay in Baku
Image:Inner city Baku.jpg|[[Inner City (Baku)]]
Image:Philarmonia.jpg|[[Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall|Philharmonic Hall]]
Image:BakuOpera.jpg|[[Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre|Opera]]
Image:Incesenet Müzesi.jpg|Museum of Art
Image:BakuKidsTheather.jpg|Puppet Theatre
Image:Baku15.jpg|City hall
Image:Baku002.jpg|Nizami Cinema
Image:Baku41.jpg|[[Baku Academy of Music]]
Image:Azerbaijan National Petrol Building.jpg|New office building
Image:Saadet sarayi 2.jpg|Musa Nagiyev's chateau, Wedding ceremony palace nowadays
Image:Ismailiyye.jpg|[[National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan|Academy of Sciences]] (Ismailiyya)
Image:Baku Maiden Tower.jpg|[[Maiden Tower]]
Image:Baku-Maiden-Tower.JPG|[[Maiden Tower]] during nightime
Image:BakuStreet1.jpg|Street in oil boom-era Baku
Image:Azerbaigian-baku.jpg|Old city and soviet-era buildings
Image:Bank Standart.jpg|Renovated office of Bank Standard
Image:Gosha gapi.jpg|Gates to the [[Inner City (Baku)|Old City]]
Image:Yacht_club.jpg|Yacht Club
Image:1941-45 monument.jpg|Monument to Azeri participants on the Eastern Front of WWII
</gallery>
==See also==
*[http://gallery.azlink.info/gallery/folderview.asp?folder=Baku Baku Photo Gallery]
*[[Second Baku]]
*[[Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline]]
*[[Bagh (garden)|Bāgh]]
== Notes ==
=== References ===
{{reflist}}
=== Sources ===
{{sourcesstart}}
* Abbasov, Mazakhir. ''Baku During the Great Patriotic War''.
* Madatov, G. ''Azerbaijan During the Great Patriotic War''. Baku, 1975.
{{sourcesend}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Baku}}
*{{wikitravel}}
*[http://www.azerbaijan24.com Azerbaijan travel information]
*[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/958 UNESCO World Heritage Site listing Walled City of Baku]
*[http://www.bakupages.com Baku Pages]
*[http://www.traveller.az Baku hotels directory]
*[http://www.hotels.az Baku Hotels]
*[http://www.usembassybaku.org American Embassy in Baku Azerbaijan]
*[http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1056117176152 British Embassy in Azerbaijan]
*[http://www.advantour.com/azerbaijan/baku.htm Baku travel guide and photos]
*[http://www.satellite-sightseer.com/id/4211/Azerbaijan//Baku/City_of_Baku Azerbaijan Satellite view (Google Maps)]
*[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=610923 Building projects and real estate development in Baku]
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{{Azerbaijan}}
{{Asian capitals}}
{{European capitals}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan}}
[[Category:Baku| ]]
[[Category:Capitals in Asia]]
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[[Category:Caspian Sea]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Coastal cities]]
[[Category:Port cities in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Turkish communities outside Turkey]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan]]
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