Baleen whale 231030 225774733 2008-07-15T10:03:13Z JAnDbot 1725149 robot Adding: [[th:อันดับวาฬและโลมา]] Modifying: [[tr:Çubuklu balinalar]] {{Taxobox | name = Baleen whales | fossil_range = latest [[Eocene]] - Recent | image = Humpback stellwagen edit.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''[[Humpback Whale]] breaching'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Cetacea]] | subordo = '''Mysticeti''' | subordo_authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1891 | subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Families]] | subdivision = [[Balaenidae]]<br/> [[Balaenopteridae]]<br/> [[Eschrichtiidae]]<br/> [[Neobalaenidae]]<br/> [[Janjucetidae]]† | diversity = Around 15 species; see [[list of cetaceans]] or [[Baleen whale#Taxonomic classification|below]]. | diversity_link = List of cetaceans }} [[Image:Baleen.jpg|thumb|Baleen]] The '''baleen whales''', also called '''whalebone whales''' or '''great whales''', form the '''Mysticeti''', one of two suborders of the [[Cetacea]] (whales, dolphins, and porpoises). Baleen whales are characterized by having [[baleen]] plates for filtering food from water, rather than having [[teeth]]. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans, the [[toothed whales]] or Odontoceti. Living Mysticeti species have teeth only during the [[embryo]]nal phase. Fossil Mysticeti had teeth before baleen evolved. The suborder contains four [[Family (biology)|families]] and fourteen [[species]]. A list of species can be found below and at the [[Cetacea]] article. The scientific name derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''mystidos'', which means "unknowable". ==Anatomy== Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales, and females are larger than males. This group includes the largest living animal species, the [[Blue Whale]]. Baleen whales have two [[blowhole (biology)|blowholes]], causing a V-shaped blow. ==Ecology and life history== === Behavioral ecology === ====Breaching==== In spite of their enormous [[mass]], baleen whales are able to leap completely out of the water. Particularly known for their acrobatics are the [[Humpback Whale]]s, but other baleen whales also break through the water surface with their body or beat it loudly with their [[fin]]s. The reason for these habits is not known for certain. Some believe that the male Baleen Whales try to show off to the females, to increase their mating success. ==Importance to humans== From the 11th to the late 20th centuries, baleen whales were hunted commercially for their [[oil]] and baleen. Their oil can be made into [[margarine]] and cooking oils. Baleen was used to stiffen [[corset]]s, as [[parasol]] ribs, and to crease paper. ==Evolutionary history== {{seealso|Evolution of Cetaceans}} Early baleen whales first appeared as far back as Early [[Oligocene]], or perhaps the latest [[Eocene]] (39-29 million years ago). Early baleen whales probably did not have extensive, if any, baleen, but did possess teeth inherited from their ancestors. The [[Oligocene]] species ''[[Aetiocetus cotylalveus]]'' is considered the evolutionary link between [[toothed whales|toothed]] and [[baleen whales]]. It was discovered by renowned fossil collector [[Douglas Emlong]] in 1964 near [[Seal Rock State Recreation Site]], [[Oregon]] in a [[sandstone]] formation <ref>{{cite book| author = Wallace, D.R.|year = 2007|title = Neptune's Ark: From Ichthyosaurs to Orcas|location = Berkeley ; London|publisher = University of California Press|id = ISBN 0-520-24322-6}}</ref>. In the early 1990s, the species ''[[Janjucetus hunderi]]'' was discovered in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] by a surfer and was described in 2006 by E. M. G. Fitzgerald<ref>{{cite journal | author = Fitzgerald, E. M. G.|year = 2006|title = A bizarre new toothed mysticete (Cetacea) from Australia and the early evolution of baleen whales|journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society - 'B': Biological Sciences, |volume = 273|issue = 1604|pages = 2955–2963|doi = 10.1098/rspb.2006.3664}}</ref>. [[Janjucetus]] was a baleen whale with sharp teeth that hunted [[fish]] and [[squid]] as well as larger prey, potentially including [[shark|sharks]] and [[dolphin]]-like cetaceans. These fossils hint that early baleen whales were predatory and eventually evolved into the gentler, toothless whales known today. The first baleened, toothless baleen whales probably appeared in the Early or Middle [[Miocene]], from a toothed ancestor that adapted initially to eat small fishes or other creatures and eventually to feed solely by filtering. Early forms of Baleen Whales may have also been able to echolocate. ==Taxonomic classification== <!-- This taxonomy is created from several templates allowing it to be edited just once but provide global change. To edit a specific part please edit the relevant template.--> * '''ORDER [[Cetacea|CETACEA]]''' <div style="padding-left:20px"> *{{Mysticeti_taxonomy}}</div> ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{cetaceaportal}} *[http://www.wdcs.org Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)] {{Cetacea|M.}} [[Category:Baleen whales|*]] [[ar:حوت باليني]] [[zh-min-nan:Chhiu-keng]] [[ca:Balena]] [[cs:Kosticovci]] [[da:Bardehvaler]] [[de:Bartenwale]] [[es:Mysticeti]] [[eu:Bale]] [[fr:Mysticeti]] [[gl:Balea]] [[ko:수염고래아목]] [[hr:Kitovi usani]] [[id:Paus balin]] [[it:Mysticeti]] [[he:לווייתני מזיפות]] [[lt:Bedančiai banginiai]] [[hu:Sziláscetek]] [[nl:Baleinwalvissen]] [[ja:ヒゲクジラ亜目]] [[no:Bardehvaler]] [[nn:Bardekval]] [[oc:Mysticeti]] [[pl:Fiszbinowce]] [[pt:Baleia]] [[ro:Balenă]] [[ru:Беззубые киты]] [[simple:Baleen whale]] [[sk:Kosticovce]] [[fi:Hetulavalaat]] [[sv:Bardvalar]] [[th:อันดับวาฬและโลมา]] [[tr:Çubuklu balinalar]] [[zh-yue:鬚鯨亞目]] [[zh:鬚鯨亞目]]