Banat 271319 224112440 2008-07-07T10:54:55Z Zorrobot 7218328 robot Adding: [[nn:Banat]] {{Cleanup|date=January 2008}} {{otheruses6|Banat (disambiguation)|Ban (title)}} [[Image:Banat location.svg|thumb|300px|Location of Banat in Europe]] [[Image:Banat map.svg|thumb|300px|Map of the Banat region]] The '''Banat''' is a geographical and [[Historical regions of Central Europe|historical region in Central Europe]] currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in [[Romania]] (the counties of [[Timiş County|Timiş]], [[Caraş-Severin County|Caraş-Severin]], [[Arad County|Arad]] (part of it, south of Mures/Maros river), and [[Mehedinţi County|Mehedinţi]]), the western part in [[Serbia]] (the Serbian Banat, mostly included in the [[Vojvodina]] region, except for a small part included in [[Central Serbia]]), and a small northern part in [[Hungary]] ([[Csongrád (county)|Csongrád]] county). It's populated by [[Serbs]], [[Romanians]], [[Roma people|Roma]], [[Hungarians]], [[Slovaks]] and by many other in smaller number. People who live in Banat are called Banatians. The Banat is a part of the [[Pannonian plain]] bordered by the [[Danube|River Danube]] to the south, the [[Tisza|River Tisza]] (Theiss, Tissa, Tisa) to the west, the [[Mures river|River Mureş]] to the north, and the Southern [[Carpathian Mountains]] to the east. Its historical capital was [[Timişoara]], now in [[Timiş County|Timiş]] county in [[Romania]]. ==Names== The term "[[banate]]" or "[[banat (disambiguation)|banat]]" designated a frontier province governed by a [[ban (title)|ban]]. The word "ban" is of Slavic origin meaning lord or governor or viceroy. Thus Banat maybe translated loosely as "province". In the 1920s and 30's the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was divided into several banovinas: Zeta, Drinska, Savska, Moravaska etc. There were several banats in the medieval [[Kingdom of Hungary]], such as the banats of [[Dalmatia]], [[Slavonia]], [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], and [[Croatia in the union with Hungary|Croatia]]; these disappeared during the course of the [[Ottoman wars in Europe]]. But when the word is used without any other qualification, it indicates the [[Banat of Temeswar]], which strangely acquired this title after the 1718 [[Treaty of Passarowitz]], though it was never governed by a ban. The name of the Banat is similar in the languages of the region; [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Banat'', [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: Банат (''Banat''), [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Bánát'' or ''Bánság'', [[German language|German]]: ''Banat'', [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Banat'', [[Slovak language|Slovak]]: ''Banát'', [[Banat Bulgarian language|Banat Bulgarian]]: ''Banát'', and [[Bulgarian language|Standard Bulgarian]]: Банат (''Banat''). ==History== ===Early history=== The first known inhabitants of present day Banat were the [[sarmatian]] [[Iazyges]]. The mountainous borderlands of the region was the part of the country of [[dacians]]. The balance of power in the area changed during campaign of emperor [[Traianus]] against the dacians: the territory of Banat became roman domain, since it became an important link between [[Dacia]] province and the other parts of the empire. However, the roman rule didn't mean serious colonization: they only established a few guard stations, but didn't settle in the region. This also meant that the sarmatian - who were recognized as roman allies - control over Banat remained solid. After 150 years of roman rule, emperor [[Aurelianus]] gave up and abandoned [[Dacia]], so the roman presence in Banat vanished. The area fell into the hands of the [[sarmatians]] again, and later to the [[goths]], who also took control of [[Dacia]] (the present day [[Transsylvania]]). The [[goths]] were forced out by the [[huns]], who organized their ruling center in the carpathian basin, more accurately in the northwestern part of today's Banat. After the death of [[Attila]], the hunnic empire disintegrated, and the previously subjected [[gepids]] formed a new kingdom in the carpathian basin, only to be defeated 100 years later by the [[Eurasian Avars|Avars]]. One governing center of the avars was formed in the region which had important rule in the avar-Byzantine wars. The Avar rule over the area lasted until the 9th century, until [[Charlemagne]]'s campaigns. The eastern part of the carpathian basin became part of the [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] empire a few decades later. Still, the archeological trace of the Avars and even [[gepids]] living here, can be tracked until the middle of the century, moreover it is likely that the gepid survivors lasted here for the longest length of time. The Avar rule also meant considerable [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] migration to the carpathian basin. In 895, the [[magyars]] living in [[Etelköz]] entered the Byzantine-Bulgarian war on the side of Byzantium, and defeated the bulgars. Because of this, the Bulgarians allied with the [[Pecheneg]]s, who attacked the magyar settlements. This led to the process of what we know as the magyar conquest of the carpathian basin called hometaking in Hungarian. This also resulted in the loss of the territories north of the danube for the [[Bulgarian empire]]. Banat was under magyar rule from this time, up until 1552, when the regional center of [[Temesvár]] was taken by the [[Ottoman empire]]. ===Hungarian rule (early 10th century - 16th century)=== The area of the Temes river was not the land of the magyar royal tribe, and from the middle of the 10th century - the weakening of the royal rule - the local tribes began to pursue a more and more independent foreign policy. As a consequence, in the eastern part of the carpathian basin, the Byzantine rite started to gain ground. This was halted with the establishment of the [[Hungarian kingdom]], and [[Stephen I of Hungary|István I]]'s country-unitive efforts, who made the last tribal leader, Ajtony ([[Ahtum]] in other sources) bow. In the 14th century, the region became a number one priority, as the southern border of the Banat was the most important defensive line against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] expansion. ===Ottoman rule (1552-1716)=== The Banat was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1552, and became an Ottoman [[Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire|eyalet]] (province) named the [[Eyalet of Temeşvar]]. Due to the continuous ottoman raids and war destruction the local Hungarian population fled to the north or were killed, and [[serbs]] and [[vlachs]] migrated to the area. Since the 16th century, the Banat was mainly populated by [[Raci|Rascians]] ([[Serbs]]) and [[Vlachs]] ([[Romanians]]); thus in some historical sources it was mentioned under name ''Rascia'' and in some other as ''Wallachia''. In 1594 [[Serbs]] in Banat started a large uprising against Ottoman rule. The Romanians also participated in this uprising. ===Habsburg rule=== [[Image:Elayet of temesvar.png|thumb|230px|left|[[Eyalet of Temeşvar]]]] In the 17th century, parts of the Banat were incorporated into the [[Habsburg Monarchy]] of [[Austria]]. In 1716, [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] took the last parts of the Banat from the Ottomans. It received the title of the [[Banat of Temeswar]] after the [[Treaty of Passarowitz]] (1718), and remained a separate province of Habsburg Monarchy under military administration until 1751, when Empress [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] introduced a civil administration. The Banat of Temeswar province was abolished in 1778. The southern part of the Banat region remained within the [[Military Frontier]] ([[Banat Krajina]]) until the Frontier was abolished in 1871. During the Ottoman rule, parts of Banat had a low population density after years of warfare, and much of the area was left almost desolate in marsh, heath, and forest. Count [[Claudius Mercy]] (1666-1734), who was appointed governor of the Banat of Temeswar in 1720, took numerous measures for the regeneration of the Banat. The marshes near the [[Danube]] and [[Tisza]] rivers were cleared, roads and canals were built at great expense of labour, German artisans and other settlers were attracted to colonize the district, and agriculture and trade encouraged. [[Image:Banat03.png|thumb|250px|[[Banat of Temeswar]], province of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1739]] [[Image:Vojvodina map.png|thumb|250px|[[Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]] (1849-1860)]] [[Image:Vojvodina10.png|thumb|250px|Counties in Banat, [[Bačka]] and [[Syrmia|Srem]] after 1881, the five counties, which were formed in the territory of former [[Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]]]] [[Image:Banat republic.png|thumb|250px|[[Banat Republic]] in 1918]] [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] also took a great interest in the Banat; she colonized the region with large numbers of [[ethnic German|German]] peasants, encouraged the exploitation of the mineral wealth of the country, and generally developed the measures introduced by Mercy. German settlers arrived from [[Swabia]], [[Alsace]] and [[Bavaria]], as well as people from [[Austria]]. Many settlements in the eastern Banat thus were mostly German-inhabited. The ethnic Germans in the Banat region became known as the [[Danube Swabians]], or ''Donauschwaben''. Some of them, coming from French-speaking or linguistically mixed communes in [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]], maintained for some generations the French language, and a specific ethnic identity, later labelled as Banat French, ''Français du Banat''. <ref>[http://www.memoria.ro/?location=view_article&id=1641&l=fr Smaranda Vultur, De l’Ouest à l’Est et de l’Est à l’Ouest : les avatars identitaires des Français du Banat, Texte presenté a la conférence d'histoire orale "Visibles mais pas nombreuses : les circulations migratoires roumaines", Paris, 2001] </ref> Hungarians were not allowed to settle down in Banat after the colonization for a long time. In 1779, the Banat region was incorporated back into [[Kingdom of Hungary|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]], and the three counties [[Torontál]], [[Temes]] and [[Krassó]] were created. In 1848, the western Banat became part of the [[Serbian Vojvodina]], a Serbian autonomous region within the Habsburg Monarchy. During the [[Revolutions of 1848|Revolutions of 1848–1849]], the Banat was respectively occupied by [[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] troops. The date also started expandment of [[Serbian nationalism|Greater Serbian propaganda]] against the [[Banatians]]. After the Revolution of 1848–1849, the Banat (together with [[Syrmia]] and [[Bačka]]) was made into a separate [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] crownland known as the [[Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]], but, in 1860 this province was abolished and incorporated again into Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. After 1871, the former [[Military Frontier]] located in southern parts of the Banat came under civil administration and was incorporated into the Banat counties. [[Krassó]] and [[Szörény]] were united into [[Krassó-Szörény]] in 1881. In 1918, the [[Banat Republic]] was proclaimed in [[Timişoara]] in October, and the government of Hungary recognized its independence. However, it was short-lived. After just two weeks, [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian]] troops invaded the country, and that was the end of the Banat Republic. In 1918 and 1919, most of the Banat became part of [[Romania]] ([[Krassó-Szörény]] completely, two-thirds of [[Temes]], and a small part of [[Torontál]]). The southwestern part (most of [[Torontál]], one-third of [[Temes]]) became part of the newly formed [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (which became [[Yugoslavia]]). A small area near [[Szeged]] became part of newly independent [[Hungary]]. These borders were confirmed by the 1919 [[Treaty of Versailles]] and the 1920 [[Treaty of Trianon]]. The territory of the Banat is presently part of the [[Romania]]n counties [[Timiş County|Timiş]], [[Caraş-Severin County|Caraş-Severin]], [[Arad County|Arad]] and [[Mehedinţi County|Mehedinţi]], the [[Serbia]]n autonomous province of [[Vojvodina]] and [[Belgrade]] City District, and the Hungarian [[Csongrád (county)|Csongrád County]]. ==Geography== ===Romanian Banat=== [[Image:Banat.svg|thumb|250px|Map of [[Romania]] with Romanian Banat highlighted]] In 1938, the counties of Timiş-Torontal, Caraş, Severin, Arad, and Hunedoara were joined to form [[Ţinutul Timiş]], which encompassed the Romanian Banat. On [[6 September]] 1950, the province was replaced by the Timişoara Region (formed by the present-day counties of [[Timiş County|Timiş]] and [[Caraş-Severin County|Caraş-Severin]]). In 1956, the southern half of the existing Arad Region was incorporated to the Timişoara Region. In December 1960, the Timişoara Region was named the Banat Region. On [[17 February]] 1968, a new territorial division was made and today's [[Timiş County|Timiş]], [[Caraş-Severin County|Caraş-Severin]] and [[Arad County|Arad]] counties were formed. Since 1998, Romania has been split into eight development regions, which act as a form of territorial autonomy divisions. The [[Vest (development region)|Vest]] development region is composed of four counties: Arad, Timiş, Hunedoara, and Caraş-Severin; thus it has almost same borders as the Timiş Province of 1929. The Vest development region is also a part of the [[Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisa]] [[Euroregion]]. A minority of Hungarians make up 5.6% of the population. The Romanian Banat is mountainous in the south and southeast, while in the north, west and south-west it is flat and in some places marshy. The climate, except in the marshy parts, is generally healthy. [[Wheat]], [[barley]], [[oat]]s, [[rye]], [[maize]], [[flax]], [[hemp]] and [[tobacco]] are grown in large quantities, and the products of the vineyards are of a good quality. Game is plentiful and the rivers swarm with fish. The mineral wealth is great, including [[copper]], [[tin]], [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[iron]] and especially [[coal]]. Amongst its numerous mineral springs, the most important are those of Mehadia, with sulphurous waters, which were already known in the Roman period as the Termae Herculis (''[[Băile Herculane]]''). The present "Banat Region" of Romania includes some areas that are mountainous and were not part of the historical Banat or of the Pannonian plain. {{Romanian_historical_regions}} ===Serbian Banat=== [[Image:Vojvodina03.png|thumb|250px|Proclaimed borders of [[Serbian Vojvodina]] in 1848 (including Western Banat)]] [[Image:Vojvodina map02.png|thumb|250px|Serbian Banat within [[Vojvodina]]]] The Serbian Banat (Western Banat) was part of [[Serbian Vojvodina]] (1848-1849) and part of the [[Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]] (1849-1860). After 1860, the Serbian Banat was part of [[Torontál]] and [[Temes]] counties of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]]. The center of Torontál county was ''Veliki Bečkerek'', the current [[Zrenjanin]]. The region was county of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] between [[1918]] and [[1922]] (in 1918-1919, county was part of the province of [[Banat, Bačka and Baranja]]) and from 1922 to 1929 it was divided between [[Belgrade]] oblast and [[Podunavlje]] oblast. In 1929, most of the region was incorporated into the [[Danube Banovina]] (Danubian Banat), a province of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], while the city of [[Pančevo]] was incorporated into self-governed Belgrade district. Between 1941 and 1944, the [[Banat, 1941-1944|Serbian Banat]] was occupied by the [[World War II]] [[Axis powers]]. Formally it was part of Serbia, but it actually was a virtually separate autonomous region ruled by its German minority. Since 1945, the Serbian Banat (together with [[Bačka]] and [[Syrmia]]), has been part of the [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|Serbian]] [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|Autonomous Province of Vojvodina]], first as part of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Second]] and [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Third]] Yugoslavias, then as part of [[Serbia and Montenegro]], and, since 2006, as part of an independent [[Serbia]]. In Serbia, the Banat is mostly plains. [[Wheat]], [[barley]], [[oat]]s, [[rye]], [[maize]], [[hemp]] and [[sunflower]] are grown, and mineral wealth consists of [[Petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]]. A popular tourist destination in the Banat is [[Deliblatska Peščara]]. There is also a sizeable Hungarian minority, which makes up 10.21% of the population. The [[districts of Serbia]] in Banat are: * [[North Banat District|North Banat okrug]] (excluding municipalities of ''[[Ada, Serbia|Ada]], [[Senta]] and [[Kanjiža]]'', which are situated in the region of [[Bačka]]) * [[Central Banat District|Central Banat okrug]] * [[South Banat District|South Banat okrug]] Serbian Banat also includes the area known as [[Pančevački Rit]], which belongs to the [[Belgrade]] municipality of [[Palilula Belgrade|Palilula]]. '''See also''': [[Geographical regions in Serbia]] ===Hungarian Banat=== The Hungarian Banat consists of a small northern part of the region, which is part of the [[Csongrád (county)|Csongrád County]] of [[Hungary]]. In addition to the [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] population, there's a small minority of [[Serbs]] (e.g. in [[Deszk]], [[Szőreg]]). == Demographics == ===The Whole Banat=== '''1660–1666:''' In 1660–1666, [[Serbs]] lived in western (flat) part of the Banat, while [[Romanians]] lived in the eastern (mountainous) part. <ref>Dr. Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 2, Novi Sad, 1990.</ref> '''1743–1753:''' In 1743–1753, ethnic composition of Banat looked as follows: <ref>Dr. Dušan J. Popović (see above)</ref> *Three eastern districts had a Romanian population: [[Lugoj]], [[Caransebeş]], and [[Orşova]]. *Three western districts had a Serbian population: [[Zrenjanin|Veliki Bečkerek]], [[Pančevo]], and [[District of Velika Kikinda|Velika Kikinda]]. *Six central districts had a mixed Serb-Romanian population: [[Timişoara]], [[Lipova, Arad|Lipova]], [[Vršac]], [[Banatska Palanka|Nova Palanka]], [[Ciacova]], and [[Cenad]]. '''1774:''' According to 1774 data, the population of the [[Banat of Temeswar]] numbered 375,740 people and was composed of: <ref>Miodrag Milin, Vekovima zajedno (iz istorije srpsko-rumunskih odnosa), Temišvar, 1995.</ref> [[Image:Banat kroje1865.png|thumb|right|260px|Folk costumes in Banat, around 1860s]] * 220,000 (58.55%) [[Romanians]] * 100,000 (26.61%) [[Serbs]] and [[Greeks]] * 53,000 (14.11%) [[Germans]] * 2,400 (0.64%) [[Hungarians]] and [[Banat Bulgarians|Bulgarians]] * 340 (0.09%) [[Jews]] '''1900:''' In 1900, the population of Banat numbered 1,431,329 people, including: <ref>[http://www.banatul.com/ Banatul.com - History and Information about Banat, Serbia and Banat, Romania<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> *578,789 (40.4%) [[Romanians]] *362,487 (25.3%) [[Germans]] *251,938 (17.6%) [[Serbs]] *170,124 (11.9%) [[Hungarians]] '''1910:''' According to the 1910 census, the population of the Banat region (counties of [[Torontál]], [[Temes]], and [[Krassó-Szörény]]) numbered 1,582,133 people, including: <ref>[http://www.talmamedia.com/php/district/district.php?county=Toront%E1l Torontál County<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>[http://www.talmamedia.com/php/district/district.php?county=Temes Temes County<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>[http://www.talmamedia.com/php/district/district.php?county=Krass%F3-Sz%F6r%E9ny Krassó-Szörény County<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (*) * 592,049 (37.42%) [[Romanians]] * 387,545 (24.50%) [[Germans]] * 284,329 (17.97%) [[Serbs]] * 242,152 (15.31%) [[Hungarians]] * a smaller numbers of other ethnic groups such as the [[Czechs]], [[Slovaks]], [[Croats]], [[Pannonian Rusyns|Rusyns]], [[Banat Bulgarians|Bulgarians]], etc. (*) Note: according to the 1910 census, the population of Romanian Banat included 52.6% Romanians, 25.6% Germans, 12.2% Hungarians, and 4.9% Serbs, while population of Serbian Banat included 40.53% Serbs, 22.14% Germans, 19.18% Hungarians, 12.94% Romanians, and 2.86% Slovaks. In Serbia the German population mostly fled or was expelled from the region after World War II, as a consequence of war time events. In Romania they mostly migrated after [[1989]] from economic reasons. '''Population table:''' The historical population of the Banat region in different time periods: {| class="wikitable" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="border-collapse:collapse;" !Year||Total |- |[[1717]]||85,166 |- |[[1743]]||125,000 |- |[[1753]]||210,992 |- |[[1774]]||375,740 |- |[[1797]]||667,912 |- |[[1900]]||1,431,329 |- |[[1910]]||1,582,133 |- |} ===Romanian Banat=== The historical population of the Romanian Banat (the [[Timiş County|Timiş]] <ref>[http://varga.adatbank.transindex.ro/?pg=3&action=etnik&megye=10 Ethnic composition of the Timiş County (1850-1992)]</ref>, <ref>Recensământ 2002, [http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=9&id=10 Census 2002: Timiş County]</ref> and [[Caraş-Severin County|Caraş-Severin]] <ref>[http://varga.adatbank.transindex.ro/?pg=3&action=etnik&megye=9 Ethnic composition of the Caraş-Severin County (1850-1992)]</ref>, <ref>Recensământ 2002, [http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=9&id=9 Census 2002: Caraş-Severin County]</ref> counties) was as following: {| class="wikitable" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="border-collapse:collapse;" !Year||Total||[[Romanians]]||[[Hungarian minority in Romania|Hungarians]]||[[Germans of Romania|Germans]]||[[Serbs of Romania|Serbs]]||[[Roma minority in Romania|Roma]] |- |[[1880]] ||744,367||426,368 (57.3%)||37,586 (5.0%)||202,698 (27.2%)||46,983 (6.3%)||n/a |- |[[1890]]||812,799||446,816 (55.0%)||50,899 (6.3%)||233,006 (29.9%)||41,356 (5.1%)||n/a |- |[[1900]]||871,598||468,508 (53.8%)||78,656 (9.0%)||243,582 (27.9%)||41,960 (4.8%)||n/a |- |[[1910]]||902,210||474,787 (52.6%)||109,873 (12.2%)||231,391 (25.6%)||44,598 (4.9%)||n/a |- |[[1920]]||822,639||450,817 (54.8%)||79,955 (9.7%)||208,774 (25.4%)||n/a||n/a |- |[[1930]]||878,877||473,781 (53.9%)||91,421 (10.4%)||215,031 (24.5%)||37,113 (4.2%)||16,471 (1.9%) |- |[[1941]]||898,262||505,448 (56.3%)||80,575 (9.0%)||213,840 (23.8%)||n/a||n/a |- |[[1956]]||896,668||589,369 (65.7%)||85,790 (9.6%)||137,697 (15.4%)||40,018 (4.5%)||9,309 (1.0%) |- |[[1966]]||966,322||674,062 (69.8%)||85,358 (8.8%)||133,197 (13.8%)||38,535 (4.0%)||6,769 (0.7%) |- |[[1977]]||1,082,461||796,007 (73.5%)||86,763 (8.0%)||119,972 (11.1%)||29,514 (2.7%)||15,755 (1.5%) |- |[[1992]]||1,076,380||886,958 (82.4%)||70,742 (6.6%)||38,658 (3.6%)||25,029 (2.3%)||22,612 (2.1%) |- |[[2002]]||1,011,145||859,690 (85.0%)||56,380 (5.6%)||20,323 (2.0%)||19,355 (1.9%)||23,998 (2.4%) |- |} ===Serbian Banat=== {{main|Demographic history of Serbian Banat}} According to 2002 census, the population of Serbian Banat (excluding its part near Belgrade) numbered 616,202 people and was composed of: <ref>Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84443-00-09</ref> * [[Serbs]] = 435,577 (70.69%) * [[Hungarians]] = 62,890 (10.21%) * others (including [[Roma people|Roma]], [[Romanians]], [[Slovaks]], [[Czechs]], etc). == Symbols == The traditional heraldic symbol of the Banat is a [[lion]], which is nowadays present in both the [[Coat of Arms of Romania]] and the [[Coat of Arms of Vojvodina]]. == Cities == The largest cities in the Banat are: *'''[[Romania]]''': **[[Timişoara]] (317,651) **[[Reşiţa]] (83,985) **[[Lugoj]] (44,571) **[[Caransebeş]] (28,294) *'''[[Serbia]]''': **[[Zrenjanin]] (79,545) **[[Pančevo]] (76,110) **[[Kikinda]] (41,825) **[[Vršac]] (36,001) == Gallery == <center><gallery> Image:Timisoara cathedral 2.jpg|[[Timişoara]], Romania, the Orthodox Cathedral Image:Timisoara fountain.jpg|[[Timişoara]], Romania, a fountain in the city centre Image:Timisoara Dome.jpg|[[Timişoara]], Romania, the Catholic Cathedral Image:HPIM3116.jpg|[[Zrenjanin]], Serbia, City Hall and monument of king Petar I of Serbia Image:Vrsac.gif|[[Vršac]], Serbia Image:Mica Orsova.jpg|[[Orşova]], Romania Image:Centru.jpeg|[[Oţelu Roşu]], Romania, Town center Image:Nagykik1.JPG|[[Kikinda]], Serbia Image:Székelykeve tájkép.jpg|[[Skorenovac]], Serbia Image:Lugoj Center.jpg|[[Lugoj]], Romania Image:Zsombolya Church.jpg|[[Jimbolia]], Romania Image:Pancevo-postoffice.jpg|[[Pančevo]], Serbia </gallery></center> ==References== * Miodrag Milin, ''Vekovima zajedno (Iz istorije srpsko-rumunskih odnosa)'', Temišvar, 1995. * Milan Tutorov, ''Mala Raška a u Banatu, istorika Zrenjanina i Banata'', Zrenjanin, 1991. * Milan Tutorov, ''Banatska rapsodija, istorika Zrenjanina i Banata'', Novi sad, 2001. * Dr. Branislav Bukurov, ''Bačka, Banat i Srem'', Novi Sad, 1978. * Milojko Brusin, ''Naša razgraničenja sa susedima 1919-1920'', Novi Sad, 1998. * Jovan M. Pejin, ''Iz prošlosti Kikinde'', Kikinda, 2000. * Dušan Belča, ''Mala istorija Vršca'', Vršac, 1997. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat|Banat}} * [http://www.banatul.com banatul.com] {{en icon}}/{{ro icon}} * [http://www.turism-center.ro/eg/banat_eg.html '''REGIONS BANAT'''] {{en icon}}/{{ro icon}}/{{fr icon}}/{{de icon}} * [http://www.backabanat.com backabanat.com] {{sr icon}} * [http://www.schweizerbart.de/pubs/books/bo/atlasostsu-028021393-desc.html Development of Ethnic Structure in the Banat 1890 - 1992] * [http://www.memoria.ro/?location=view_article&id=1641&l=fr Smaranda Vultur, De l’Ouest à l’Est et de l’Est à l’Ouest : les avatars identitaires des Français du Banat] {{fr icon}} * [http://bylijsmezde.cz/roadtrip-rumunsko-banat-ceske-vesnice-svata-helena Návštěva Svaté Heleny], reportáž z expedice Roadtrip 2007 - návštěva Banátu (Svaté Heleny) {{cs icon}} * [http://banatul.ning.com/ Banat Social Networking Web Site] [[Category:Banat|*]] [[Category:Divided regions]] [[Category:Geography of Romania]] [[Category:Geography of Transylvania]] [[Category:Geography of Serbia]] [[Category:Geography of Vojvodina]] [[Category:Geography of Hungary]] [[als:Banat]] [[be-x-old:Банат]] [[bg:Банат]] [[ca:Banat]] [[cv:Банат]] [[cs:Banát]] [[da:Banat]] [[de:Banat]] [[et:Banat]] [[es:Bánato]] [[eo:Banato]] [[fr:Banat historique]] [[hr:Banat]] [[it:Banato]] [[he:באנאט]] [[lt:Banatas]] [[hu:Bánság]] [[nl:Banaat]] [[no:Banat]] [[nn:Banat]] [[pl:Banat]] [[pt:Banato]] [[ro:Banat]] [[ru:Банат]] [[scn:Banat]] [[sk:Banát (Rumunsko a Srbsko)]] [[sr:Банат]] [[sh:Banat]] [[fi:Baanaatti]] [[sv:Banat]] [[vi:Banat]] [[tr:Banat]] [[uk:Банат]] [[zh:巴納特]]