Barium sulfate
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2008-06-05T13:46:10Z
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robot Adding: [[hr:Barijev sulfat]]
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| ImageFile = Barium-sulfate-2D.png
| ImageSize = 225px
| ImageName = Chemical structure of barium sulfate
| ImageFile1 = Barite-unit-cell-3D-vdW.png
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| ImageName1 = 3D model of barium sulfate
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| CASNo = 7727-43-7
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| RTECS = CR060000
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| ATCCode_prefix = V08
| ATCCode_suffix = BA01
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = BaSO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 233.43 g/mol
| Appearance = white crystalline
| Density = 4.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 1580°C
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| Solubility = 0.00115 g/L (18°C)
| SolubilityProduct = 1.08×10<sup>-10</sup> (25°C)
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| Bioavail = negligible orally
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'''[[Barium]] sulfate''' is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO<sub>4</sub>. It is poorly [[Solubility|soluble]] in [[water]] and other traditional solvents but is soluble in concentrated [[sulfuric acid]]. The mineral [[barite]] is composed largely of barium sulfate and is a common ore of barium.
[[Image:Bariumsulfat.JPG|thumb|Barium sulfate]]
==Uses==
===Radiocontrast agent===
Barium sulfate is frequently used clinically as a [[radiocontrast]] agent for [[X-ray]] [[Medical imaging|imaging]] and other diagnostic procedures. It is most often used in imaging of the [[Gastrointestinal tract|GI tract]] during what is colloquially known as a '[[Barium meal]]'.
It is administered, orally or by [[enema]], as a suspension of fine particles in an aqueous solution (often with sweetening agents added). Although barium is a [[Heavy metals|heavy metal]], and its water-soluble compounds are often highly toxic, the extremely low solubility of barium sulfate protects the patient from absorbing harmful amounts of the metal. Barium sulfate is also readily removed from the body, unlike [[Thorotrast]], which it replaced. Due to the relatively high [[atomic number]] (Z = 56) of barium, its compounds absorb X-rays more strongly than compounds derived from lighter nuclei.
===Pigment===
Barium sulfate mixtures are used as white pigment for paints. The combination of barium sulfate and [[zinc sulfide]] (ZnS) is called [[lithopone]]. Barium sulfate itself is called [[blanc fixe]]. It replaced [[white lead]] due to the latter's toxicity.
===Pyrotechnics===
Barium sulfate is also used as a high temperature oxidizer in certain pyrotechnic formulas, as barium compounds emit a green colored light when burned. Barium nitrate is more common in green pyrotechnic formulas, as it contains an oxidizer while still producing green colored light.
===Other uses===
Barium sulfate is used as a filler in plastics and as a component of [[oil well]] drilling fluid to increase the density. It is used in Episal salt.
It is used in brake linings, anacoustic foams and powder coatings
Barium sulfate is also used during the procedure of the [[soil pH]] test. In this test it is used so that it precipitates out any particles (usually clay particles) which would otherwise 'cloud' solution preventing one from seeing the colour of the pH indicator i.e. the result of the test.
It is used in root canal filling.
In colorimetry barium sulfate is used as a near-perfect diffuser when measuring light sources.
==History==
Barium sulfate is reduced to [[barium sulfide]] by carbon. The accidental discovery of this conversion many centuries ago led to the discovery of the first synthetic [[phosphor]] (Hollman and Wiberg, 2001). The sulfide, unlike the sulfate, is water soluble.
===Etymology===
Barium, 1808, Mod.L., from Gk. barys "heavy;" so called by its discoverer, British chemist [[Sir Humphrey Davy]] (1778-1829) because it was present in the mineral barytes "heavy spar," from Gk. barys "heavy" (see grave (adj.)).
==References==
* Holleman, A. F. and Wiberg, E. (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', San Diego, CA : Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
[[Category:Barium compounds]]
[[Category:Sulfates]]
[[Category:Inorganic pigments]]
[[Category:Medical imaging]]
[[ar:كبريتات باريوم]]
[[bs:Barijum sulfat]]
[[da:Bariumsulfat]]
[[de:Bariumsulfat]]
[[hr:Barijev sulfat]]
[[it:Solfato di bario]]
[[lv:Bārija sulfāts]]
[[nl:Bariet]]
[[ja:硫酸バリウム]]
[[pl:Siarczan(VI) baru]]
[[pt:Sulfato de bário]]
[[ru:Сульфат бария]]
[[sr:Баријум-сулфат]]
[[th:แบเรียมซัลเฟต]]
[[uk:Сульфат барію]]
[[zh:硫酸钡]]