Behavioural sciences
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224223058
2008-07-07T21:41:05Z
Robin klein
70975
/* Selected bibliography */
'''Behavioural sciences''' (or '''Behavioral science''') is a term that encompasses all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among [[organism]]s in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of [[human]] and [[animal]] behaviour through controlled and naturalistic [[experiment]]al observations and rigorous formulations. (E. D. Klemke, R. Hollinger, and A. D. Kline, (ed) (1980))
==Difference between behavioural sciences and social sciences==
The term ''behavioural sciences'' is often confused with the term ''social sciences''. Though these two broad areas are interrelated and study systematic processes of behaviour, they differ on their level of scientific analysis of various dimensions of behaviour. Behavioural sciences essentially investigates the decision processes and communication strategies within and between organisms in a social system. This involves fields like [[psychology]] and [[social neuroscience]], among others.
In contrast, [[Social sciences]] study the structural-level processes of a social system and its impact on social processes and social organization. They typically include fields like [[sociology]], [[economics]], [[history]], [[public health]], [[anthropology]], and [[political science]] (As per E. D. Klemke, R. Hollinger and A. D. Kline, eds., 1988).
==Categories of behavioural sciences==
Behavioural sciences includes two broad categories: Neural-''Decision sciences'' and Social-''Communication sciences''. Decision sciences involves those disciplines primarily dealing with the decision processes and individual functioning used in the survival of organism in a social environment. These include [[psychology]], [[cognitive]], [[organization theory]], [[psychobiology]], [[management science]], [[operations research]] (not to be confused with business administration) and [[social neuroscience]].
On the other hand, Communication sciences include those fields which study the communication strategies used by organisms and its dynamics between organisms in an environment. These include fields like [[Anthropology]], [[Organizational behaviour]], [[Organization studies]], [[Sociology]] and [[Social networks]].
==Behavioural sciences as integrative sciences==
Neural-Decision sciences form the bridge between the behavioural sciences and [[Cognitive science|Cognitive]] and [[natural sciences]] through creating theories that account for the interaction of [[Biophysics|bio-physical]] systems and cognitive processes in [[decision making]] of the organism. Social-Communication sciences form the link between behavioural sciences and [[social sciences]] through the interaction of individual cognitive and communication strategies and social-structural processes.
Thus behavioural sciences lies at the crossroads between the [[natural sciences]] and the [[social sciences]], linking broad areas of scientific exploration.
<center>'''[[Science]]'''</center>
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="40%"
|- style="border: solid 1px"
! colspan="4" style="background:#daa520;"| [[Natural science]]s
|-
| [[Physical sciences]] || [[Chemistry|Chemical sciences]] || [[Biological sciences]] || [[Cognitive sciences]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#eee8aa;" | Behavioural sciences
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#fafad2;"| Neural-''(Decision sciences)''
! colspan="2" style="background:#ffffe0;"| Social-''(Communication sciences)''
|-
| [[Psychology]] including [[Social psychology (psychology)|Social Psychology]]|| [[Cognitive organization Theory]] and [[Consumer Psychology]] || [[Anthropology]] || [[Organizational behaviour]]
|-
| [[Psychobiology]] || [[Management science]] and [[Operations research]] || [[Organization studies]] & [[Psycho-Economics]] || [[Social networks]]
|-
| [[Social neuroscience]] || [[Ethology]] || [[Memetics]] || [[Organizational ecology]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#ed853f;"| [[Social science]]s
|-
| [[Sociology]] || [[Economics]] || [[Political science]] || [[Economic sociology]]
|-
|}
== See also ==
* [[Behavior]]
** [[Human behavior]]
* [[List of academic disciplines]]
* [[Science]]
** [[Fields of science]]
*** [[Natural science]]s
*** Behavioural sciences
*** [[Social science]]s
** [[History of science]]
** [[History of technology]]
==Selected bibliography==
*[[George Devereux]]: ''From anxiety to method in the behavorial sciences'', The Hague, Paris. Mouton & Co, 1967
* [[Neil J. Smelser]] and [[Paul B. Baltes]], ed. (2001). ''[[International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences]]'', 26 v. Oxford: Elsevier.
*E. D. Klemke, R. Hollinger, and A. D. Kline, (ed) (1980). Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science. Prometheus Books, New York.
==External links==
*http://www.mangold-international.com (Software and labs for behavioral research)
*http://www.cpa.ca/ac-main.html (Canadian journal of behavioural sciences)
*https://www.casbs.org/ (Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences - [[Stanford University]])
*http://www.noldus.com (Tools for behavioral research)
*http://www.absame.org (Association for the Behavioral Sciences and Medical Education)
[[Category:Behavioural sciences|*]]
[[Category:Cognitive science]]
[[Category:Social sciences]]
[[Category:Public health]]
[[ko:행동 과학]]
[[ja:行動科学]]
[[sr:Бихејвиоралне науке]]
[[fi:Käyttäytymistiede]]
[[ta:நடத்தை அறிவியல்கள்]]
[[zh:行为科学]]