Belfort
287847
221685988
2008-06-25T16:55:18Z
81.244.111.233
{{Otheruses}}
{{French commune
|nomcommune=Belfort
|image=[[Image:France-90-Belfort-Belvedere ouest.jpg|270px]]
|caption=View of the western part of Belfort
|image_map=France_jms.png
|x=220
|y=109
|lat_long={{coord|47|38|30|N|6|51|00|E|region:FR_type:city}}
|région=[[Franche-Comté]]
|département=[[Territoire de Belfort]]<br/>(''[[préfecture]]'')
|arrondissement= Belfort
|canton=Chief town of 5 cantons
|insee=90010
|cp= 90000
|maire=[[Etienne Butzbach]]
|mandat=2001-2008
|intercomm=[[Communauté de l'Agglomération Belfortaine]]
|alt moy=358 m | alt mini=354 m | alt maxi=650 m
|hectares=1,710
|km²=17.10
|sans=50,417
|date-sans=1999
|dens=2,948
|date-dens=1999
|}}
'''Belfort''' ([[French language|French]] for ''beautiful [[fortification]]'', {{lang-de|Beffert}}) is a town and [[commune in France|commune]] of northeastern [[France]], ''[[préfecture]]'' (capital) of the [[Territoire de Belfort]] ''[[département in France|département]]'' in the [[Franche-Comté]] ''[[région in France|région]]''. Population (1999): 50,417. Approximately 80,000 including [[suburb]]s.
It is located on the [[Savoureuse]], on the strategically important natural route between the [[Rhine]] and the [[Rhône River|Rhône]] - the [[Belfort Gap]] (Trouée de Belfort) or [[Burgundian Gate]] (Porte de Bourgogne).
==History==
Belfort's strategic location, in a natural gap between the [[Vosges]] and the [[Jura mountains|Jura]], on a route linking the Rhine and the Rhône, has attracted human settlement and made it a target for armies.
The site of Belfort was inhabited in [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] times and was subsequently recorded in the 13th century as a possession of the counts of [[Montbéliard]], who granted it a charter in 1307.
Previously an Austrian possession, Belfort was transferred to France by the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] (1648), that ended the [[Thirty Years' War]]. The town's fortifications were extended and developed by the military architect [[Vauban]] for [[Louis XIV]].
Until 1871, Belfort was part of the ''[[département]]'' of [[Haut-Rhin]], in [[Alsace]]. The [[Siege of Belfort]], between [[November 3]], [[1870]] and [[February 18]], [[1871]], was successfully resisted until the garrison was ordered to surrender 21 days after the armistice between France and [[Prussia]]. As a mark of respect for their tenacity, the area around Belfort was excluded from the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine by the Prussians. It formed, as it still does, the [[Territoire de Belfort]]. The siege is commemorated by a huge statue, [[The Lion of Belfort]], by [[Frédéric Bartholdi]].
Alsatians who sought a new French home in Belfort made a significant contribution to its industry.
The town was bombarded by the Germans in World War I and occupied by them in World War II. In November 1944 the retreating German army held the [[French First Army]] before the town until French Commandos made a successful night attack on the Salbert Fort. Belfort was liberated on [[22 November]].
==Industry==
Belfort is a trading centre for wine and grain and its industries include chemicals, engineering, plastics and textiles. Belfort is also the hometown of [[Alstom]] where the first TGVs (Trains Grande Vitesse) were produced. As well as GE Energy Gas turbine division.
==Sights==
* Belfort is the home of ''[[The Lion of Belfort]]'', a sculpture by [[Frédéric Bartholdi]] expressing people's resistance against the siege in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870) - who shortly afterwards built the statue of liberty in New York.
[http://www.jedecouvrelafrance.com/img/photos/3011_1-cathedrale-saint-christophe-de-belfort.jpg Belfort Cathedral]
* There are also plenty of other things to see in a city that is trying and showing better its heritage, mainly the citadel, the old town and its museographic riches: <br />- In 2007, the Belfort city museums are to be completely restructured within three main poles: history (from archeology to military) in the old barracks on the top of the citadel, arts (mainly from 16th to 19th century) in the Tour 41 and modern arts in the Donation Jardot.<br />- Since July of the same year, a new touristic sight of the citadel has been opened to the public - with a sound-, video- and light-animated trail in the ditches and the big underpass of the citadel. Its name: "'''La Citadelle de la Liberté'''" (Citadel of Liberty)
==FIMU==
Belfort is also well known for organizing a large-scale music festival in May each year. The ''Festival International de Musique Universitaire'' (FIMU) is home to nearly 2500 musicians, most of them students, from many different countries. The musicians give more than 250 concerts in the course of the 3-day festival in a wide variety of styles (classical, jazz, traditional, experimental, etc.). All of the concerts are free of charge and are performed at 14 different locations in the old city (the ''vieille ville'') of Belfort. In 2004 more than 60,000 people attended the festival. In 2005 the festival was held on 14–16th May.
==Miscellaneous==
===Births===
Belfort was the birthplace of:
* [[François Joseph Heim]] (1787-1865), [[painter]]
* [[Jules Brunet]] (1838-1911), a member of the first [[French Military Mission to Japan (1867)|French Military Mission to Japan]] in order to help modernize the armies of the [[shogunate]]
* [[Louis-Gabriel-Charles Vicaire]] (1848-1900), [[poet]]
* [[Jean-Pierre Chevènement]] (born 1939), [[politician]]
* [[Gérard Grisey]] (born 1946-1998), [[composer]]
===Twin towns===
Belfort is twinned with:
*{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Zaporizhzhia]], [[Ukraine]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Leonberg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Lobenstein]], [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Skikda]], [[Algeria]]
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Stafford]], [[UK]]
*{{flagicon|CH}} [[Delémont]], [[Switzerland]]
*{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[New Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]
==See also==
*[[Communes of the Territoire de Belfort department]]
==External links==
{{commons|Belfort|Belfort}}
* [http://www.mairie-belfort.com/ City council website] (in French)
* [http://www.ot-belfort.fr/ Tourist office website]
* [http://www.Fimu.com/ FIMU Music festival, Belfort]
* [http://www.france-voyage.com/travel-guide/belfort-748.htm Belfort Tourism Information]
* [http://france-for-visitors.com/franche-comte-jura/belfort.html Visiting Belfort]
* [http://www.fortified-places.com/belfort.html Webpage about the fortifications]
* [http://www.citadelle-belfort.fr La Citadelle de la Liberté, a new way of visiting Belfort's magnificent citadel]
{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
[[Category:Communes of Territoire de Belfort]]
[[Category:Prefectures in France]]
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