Beverley 144454 225784599 2008-07-15T11:32:58Z Jza84 4751314 minor edit to lead {{otheruses|Beverly}} {{infobox UK place| |country = England |official_name = Beverley |static_image = [[Image:Beverley Minster.jpg|240px]] |static_image_caption = <small>[[Beverley Minster]]</small> |static_image_2 = [[Image:BeverleyTownShield.png|100px]] |static_image_2_caption = <small>Arms of Beverley Town Council</small> |latitude = 53.845 |longitude = -0.427 |population = 29,110 ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]])<ref> {{cite web |url = http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls |title = KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas |accessdate = 2008-03-04 |publisher = [[National Statistics]] |format=Excel }}</ref> |civil_parish = Beverley |unitary_england = [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] |region = Yorkshire and the Humber |lieutenancy_england = [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] |constituency_westminster = [[Beverley and Holderness (UK Parliament constituency)|Beverley and Holderness]] |post_town = BEVERLEY |postcode_area = HU |postcode_district = HU17 |dial_code = 01482 |os_grid_reference = TA035399 |website = [http://www.beverley.gov.uk www.beverley.gov.uk] }} '''Beverley''' is a [[market town]], [[civil parish]] and the [[county town]] of the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]], [[England]], located between the [[River Hull]] and the Westwood. The town is noted for its main feature the [[Beverley Minster]] and architecturally significant religious buildings, as well as the [[Beverley Racecourse]] and the market place; the town itself is around 1,300 years old. The town was originally known as ''Inderawuda'' and was founded by [[Saint John of Beverley]] during the time of [[Angle]] kingdom [[Northumbria]]. After a period of [[Viking]] control, it passed to the [[Saxon]]s, a period during which it gained prominence in terms of religious importance in [[Great Britain]]. It continued to grow especially under the [[Normans]] when its trading industry was first established. A place of pilgrimage through the Middle Ages due to its founder, Beverley eventually became known as a noted [[wool]]-trading town. Beverley was once the 10th largest town in England and amongst the richest, owing broadly to its connection with founding [[saint]] of the town John of Beverley. However, following the [[English Reformation]], Beverley's regional stature was reduced. For twenty two years, Beverley was the administrative centre of the [[Districts of England|local government district]] of the [[Beverley (borough)|Borough of Beverley]], and is now the East Riding county town. It is located {{Convert|8|mi|km|lk=on}} north-west of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], {{Convert|10|mi|km|lk=off}} east of [[Market Weighton]] and {{Convert|12|mi|km|lk=off}} west of [[Hornsea]]. According to the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 United Kingdom Census]] the total population of the urban area of Beverley was 29,110, of whom 17,549 live within the historic parish boundaries.<ref name="2001 census">{{cite web |url = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=791073&c=beverley&d=16&e=15&g=391042&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1210805275671&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |title = 2001 Census: Key Statistics: Parish Headcounts: Area: Beverley CP (Parish) |accessdate = 2008-05-14 |work = Neighbourhood Statistics |publisher = [[Office for National Statistics]] }} </ref> As well as its Racecourse and markets, Beverley is known in the modern day for hosting various [[music festivals]] throughout the year. In 2007 Beverley was named as the best place to live in the [[United Kingdom]] in a study by the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.yorkshire-forward.com/www/view.asp?content_id=7062&parent_id=263|title = Beverley 'is the top place to live in Britain'|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher = Yorkshire Forward}}</ref> ==History== {{seealso|History of Yorkshire}} ===Angle, Viking and Saxon period=== [[Image:Beverley Minster interior.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Inside [[Beverley Minster]], foundation place of Beverley.]] The origins of Beverley can be traced back to the time of the [[Angles|Anglian]] kingdom [[Northumbria]] in the 7th century. The first structure built in the area, which at the time was known as '''''Inderawuda''''' (meaning ''"in the [[Woodland|wood]] of the men of [[Deira]]"''), was a [[Christian church]] dedicated to [[St. John the Evangelist]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> This was founded by the [[Bishop of York]] who would later become known as [[John of Beverley]], strongly linked to [[miracles]] during his lifetime and was later venerated as a [[saint]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref>Around the 850s the now developed [[monastery]] was abandoned in a hurry, historians presume this was because of the invasion of the so-called [[Great Heathen Army]] of [[Norsemen|Norse]] [[viking]]s who had invaded part of Great Britain and instated the [[Jórvík|Kingdom of Jórvík]] in the [[Yorkshire]] area.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> However, population on the site built up again by the 10th century by people feeling strongly in the veneration of John of Beverley.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Before the [[Battle of Brunanburh]], possibly located further north than Beverley, [[King of England]] at the time [[Athelstan of England|Athelstan]] visited Inderawuda, he prayed all night and saw a vision saying he would be victorious, in return he helped the town to grow greatly.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The name of the town was changed to '''''Bevreli''''' or ''Beverlac'', meaning [[beaver]]-lake or beaver-clearing, in the 10th century; a reference to the colonies of beavers in the [[River Hull]] at the time.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The last three [[Saxon]] archbishops of York helped Beverley to develop, via the rise in prominence of [[Beverley Minster]] and the town in general; along with [[York]] itself, [[Ripon]] and [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire|Southwell]], Beverley became one of the most important Christian centres of northern England. [[Aldred]] was declared by king [[Edward the Confessor]] as "sole [[lord]] of the manor of Beverley". Beverley developed as a trade centre, producing [[textiles]], [[leather]] and objects made out of [[antler]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> ===Normans and the Middle Ages=== After the [[Norman conquest of England]], many [[pilgrims]] flocked to Beverley upon hearing reports of miracles in relation to the town's founder, John. However much of the north of England rejected Norman rule, and sought to reinstate Viking rule.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Towns in Yorkshire were obliterated by the Normans in response with the [[Harrying of the North]], Beverley itself was spared, upon the Normans hearing about the town's saintly history.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> In the 12th century Beverley developed from a settlement of several thousand, to an extensive town, stretching from around the North Bar area to the Beck in an elongated pattern, it was granted [[History of borough status in England and Wales|borough status]] in 1122 by [[Thurstan]]. Industry grew further, Beverley especially traded wool with the cloth making towns of the [[Low Countries]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> [[Image:Beverley Westwood showing The Black Mill.jpg|thumb|left|Westwood and the Black Mill.]] The town suffered a large fire in 1188 which was significantly destructive, destroying numerous houses and damaging the Beverley Minster. Lady Sybil de Valines gave the Manor of the Holy Trinity on the east side of Beverley to the [[Knights Hospitaller]]s in 1201, where they established a [[preceptory]];<ref> {{cite web|url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36282|title =Houses of Knights Hospitaller|accessdate = 2008-03-04|publisher = British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> also to be found in Beverley during the 13th century were [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[fiars]] who were given some land by [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] where they erected buildings, [[Franciscans]] were also present.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> A dispute arose between local farmers and the archbishop during the 13th century in regards to land rights, after the locals demanded a royal inquiry the archbishop granted the townspeople [[pasture]] and [[pannage]] in the Westwood and other places. During the 14th century, England experienced periods of famine caused by poor weather conditions which destroyed crop, the [[Black Death]], the [[Hundred Years' War]] and the [[English peasants' revolt of 1381|Great Rising]]. However, Beverley continued to grow and by 1377, had become the 10th largest town in England.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> ===Reformation decline in Tudor times=== [[Image:John Fisher by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Local man, Saint [[John Fisher]] was martyred in 1535.]] Beverley was relient on pilgrimage, but changes brought about by the [[English Reformation]] impacted upon this tradition, and so Beverley declined in status.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Local Beverley man and cardinal [[John Fisher]] was martyred along with [[Thomas More]] for refusing to accept the [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] king [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] as Head of the [[Church of England]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wf-f.org/StJohnFisher.html|publisher=wf-f.org|title=Saint John Fisher, Bishop & Martyr|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> There was a [[Popular revolt in late medieval Europe|popular rising]] in Beverley where 500 men in the town gathered at the Westwood under William Stapleton, later becoming part of the larger [[Pilgrimage of Grace]] in York as part of the 30,000 rebels opposing Henry's new religious laws.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Henry followed through with the break from [[Roman Catholic Church|Rome]] and the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]], dissolving the Dominican Friary in Beverley and taking their land for himself, the Knights Templars in Beverley suffered the same fate in 1540.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> As a result of the tensions across the [[North of England]], governance duties were handed over to the [[Council of the North]] so the Tudors could control the area at arms length.<ref name="POG">{{cite news|url=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDpilgrimgrace.htm|publisher=Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk|title=Pilgrimage of Grace|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> Beverley was visited by [[John Leland]], the man known as the "father of [[English local history]]", he wrote of the town in some detail, estimating the population of the time at around 5,000.{{fact}} [[Beverley Minster]] was almost demolished by its new owners who wanted to profit from selling its stone and lead, however the local people led by wealthy merchant Richard Gray saved it from this fate.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> During the time of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]], Beverley was endowed with its own [[mayor]], Edward Ellerker was the first to take this position.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.beverley.gov.uk/Contents/Text/Index.asp?SiteId=476&SiteExtra=19749316&TopNavId=426&NavSideId=10754|publisher=Beverley Town Council|title=The Mayor of Beverley|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> The gap between Beverley's rich and poor became more pronounced during the Tudor era, due to large [[unemployment]]. The substantial drop in pilgrimage to Beverley in honour of its founder John of Beverley, effected the jobs of the [[working class]] as that was Beverley's main industry.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> ===Civil War and Restoration recovery=== The 17th century began badly for Beverley as many people died of the [[plague]]. Due to the close geographical proximity to [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], focus on the area became magnified when the people of Hull refused to open the gates to [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] a couple of months before the fighting began in the [[English Civil War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/humber/content/articles/2005/07/20/coast05walks_stage8.shtml|publisher=''[[BBC]]''|title=Seeds of the English Civil War|date=[[25 November]] [[2007]]}}</ref> After been turned away from Hull, the king spent three-weeks as a guest in a house at North Bar in Beverley, where he was openly greeted with the ringing of St Mary's Church bells.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Beverley was initially royalist, however it was taken by the parliamentarians of Hull, forcing the king to flee. A royalist army led by [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|William Cavendish]] defeated [[Thomas Fairfax]] to reclaim the town for the royalists; from here they launced another [[Siege of Hull (1643)|Siege of Hull]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/548730|publisher=Jstor.org|title=The Sieges of Hull during the Great Civil War|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> Eventually the parliamentarians won the Civil War and inserted the [[Commonwealth of England]], in which alehouses were shut on Sundays, theatres and race meetings abandoned, the [[Puritans]] visited the then [[Church of England]] houses of worship and destroyed anything they thought to be idolatrous.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Beverley Minister managed to escape this, in part due to the prominence of the [[House of Percy|Percy]] family and the fact that the church housed memorials to their ancestors. Beverley's [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] however were not so fortunate, and were strongly repressed by the Puritans.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The [[English Restoration]] with [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] coming to power was generally well received in Beverley, his royal coat of arms was hung in the Minster and remains there.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> In terms of trade Beverley was not rich in the 17th century but had improved slightly, the majority were based in [[agriculture]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> During the [[Georgian era]], Beverley was the [[county town]] of the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] and became the prime [[market town]] in the area during the 18th century, beating out competition from [[Pocklington]], [[Howden]] and [[Market Weighton]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The replacing of old timber buildings with new ones in the [[Georgian architecture]] style helped the town recover in prestige level, with the religious structures also undergoing restorations.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> ===Modern Beverley=== [[Image:Beverley on market day.jpg|thumb|right|Beverley during a market day.]] Due to an increase in population, some of the entrances into the town such as the stone [[Bar]]s were taken down to accommodate this. Although population figures rose steeply, it was not as much as nearby [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] or most of England.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Beverley's association with religion remained during the 19th century, as well as the majority Anglican faith, there was several [[non-conformist]] religions practised such as [[Methodism]] with [[John Wesley]] previously having preached there, also with the completion of the [[Catholic Emancipation]] and the reinseration of a Catholic heiracy, the [[Diocese of Beverley]] in 1850 was chosen to cover [[Yorkshire]], before being divided into two dioceses.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Communications were improved with the opening of the [[Beverley railway station]] during October 1846.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> During the [[Industrial Revolution]] Beverley's people retained most agricultural jobs, though there was a presence of iron workers within the town.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The [[Second World War]] saw the nearby city of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] suffering significantly, however Beverley was more fortunate and did not endure as heavy attacks.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Since the war, Beverley has gone through some remodeling and has grown in size, it attracts thousands of tourists each year who come to view the religious buildings and visit the [[Beverley Racecourse]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> == Governance == [[Image:HenryVaneTheElder.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Henry Vane the Elder]] was [[Beverley (UK Parliament constituency)|MP for Beverley]] in 1624.]] During the [[Middle Ages]], Beverley was governed by [[alderman|aldermen]] known as the twelve keepers, they oversaw the general running of the town and the maintaining of law and order.<ref>{{cite book | last =Kermode | first = Jennifer | title =Medieval Merchants: York, Beverley, and Hull in the Later Middle Ages| publisher = Cambridge University Press | url =http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=T7Jl6LgZSVUC&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=twelve+keepers&source=web&ots=kucI3krvGK&sig=jXoG3CnPb2t4sZG_zx-AOne3wdA&hl=en | isbn = 0521522749}}</ref> The borough corporation was reformed by the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]] and formed the local government of the town until 1974.<ref>{{cite vob|name=Beverley|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10055179|map=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10055179&c_id=10001043|accessdate=2008-07-15}}</ref> In 1974, following the [[Local Government Act 1972]], the former area of Beverley borough was merged with [[Beverley Rural District]] and [[Haltemprice Urban District]] to form an enlarged [[Beverley (borough)|Beverley]] borough in the county of [[Humberside]].<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> Since 1996 it has formed part of the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] district as is the [[county town]], as it was before 1974.<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> Beverley was represented in the [[Houses of Parliament]] by the [[Member of Parliament]] of [[Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Yorkshire]] until [[Beverley (UK Parliament constituency)|Beverley]] was given [[parliamentary borough]] status from 1563.<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> Beverley was able to elect two MPs for its entire time as a parliamentary borough; the right of election was vested not in the population as a whole, but in the [[wikt:freeman|freemen]]. Elections became notorious for their corruption, to the extent that the constituency was abolished in 1870 and incorporated into the [[East Riding of Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)|East Riding]] constituency.<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> During the [[UK general election, 1950|1950 general election]] a Beverley [[county constituency]] was created, covereding half of the East Riding, with [[Bridlington (UK Parliament constituency)|Bridlington]] covering the other half.<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> It became part of the [[Haltemprice (UK Parliament constituency)|Haltemprice]] constituency in [[UK general election, 1955|1955]], until it reverted to the Beverley constituency in 1983.<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> Since 1997 Beverley has been part of the [[Beverley and Holderness (UK Parliament constituency)|Beverley and Holderness]] constituency, a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] stronghold.<ref name="pol">{{cite web|url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36433|title =Modern Beverley - Political and Social History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher= British-History.ac.uk}}</ref> ==Education== [[Image:Beverley Grammar School.png|thumb|right|upright|The badge of [[Beverley Grammar School]].]] Beverley is home to the oldest [[state school]] in England, in the form of [[Beverley Grammar School]] which was founded in 700 AD by Saint John of Beverley.<ref name="bgs">{{cite web|url =http://www.bgs.eriding.net/schoolhistory.htm|title =School History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher =[[Beverley Grammar School]]}}</ref> The school has several notable [[alumni]], including chemist [[Smithson Tennant]] who discovered [[iridium]] and [[osmium]], [[Thomas Percy (plotter)|Thomas Percy]] who was involved in the [[Gunpowder Plot]] and [[Paul Robinson]] a [[association football|football]] [[goalkeeper]] who has represented [[England national football team]].<ref name="bgs">{{cite web|url =http://www.bgs.eriding.net/schoolhistory.htm|title =School History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher =[[Beverley Grammar School]]}}</ref> In the modern day the school hosts around 800 students and receives favourable reports from the [[Ofsted]].<ref name="bgs">{{cite web|url =http://www.bgs.eriding.net/schoolhistory.htm|title =School History|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher =[[Beverley Grammar School]]}}</ref> There are also other schools in Beverley; this includes the [[Beverley High School]] which is a girls [[comprehensive school]], it has around 850 students and is well above the national average based on the results of [[GCSE]] test performances.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/04/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/811_4050.stm|title =Beverley High School|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher =BBC.co.uk}}</ref> [[Longcroft School and Performing Arts College]] is the other school in the town, with both boys and girls it has over 1500 students current; it has the recognised status as a [[Arts College]]. For [[higher education]] students from Beverley either attend nearby institutions such as the [[University of Hull]], or ones further afield depending on test results. ==Religion== [[Image:St. Mary's Church, Beverley.jpg|thumb|right|150px|St. Mary's Church.]] As a very [[homogenous]] town Beverley's largest religion is [[Christianity]]; 79.9% of the people in the area polled as part of the [[United Kingdom Census 2001]] professed the Christian faith, 8% above the [[Demographics of England from the 2001 United Kingdom census|national average]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/guide/seat-profiles/beverleyandholderness|title = Beverley and Holderness|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher =UKPolingReport.co.uk}}</ref> [[Beverley Minster]] is regarded as the most impressive church in England that is not a [[cathedral]]. It contains a tomb said to contain the bones of Saint [[John of Beverley]] who founded a monastery here and with it the town; another notable saint from Beverley is Saint [[John Fisher]]. The [[Church of England]] are in the majority with three parishes; the ancient [[Beverley Minster]], St. Mary's Church and St. Nicholas Church.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.beverleyinpictures.co.uk/churches.html|title = Churches|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=BeverleyInPictures.co.uk}}</ref> Beverley is a [[suffragan bishop]]ric of the [[Diocese of York]] represented by the [[Bishop of Beverley]], created in 1994 to provide a [[provincial episcopal visitor]] for the [[Province of York]]. The form of Anglicanism in Beverley is more on the [[Anglo-Catholic]] side of the scale, represented with the bishop being a member of the [[Society of the Holy Cross]]. There is one [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] church in Beverley called St. John's, it is covered by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Diocese of Middlesbrough]]; when the [[Catholic Emancipation]] was complete in 1850 the [[Diocese of Beverley]] was inserted to cover all of [[Yorkshire]], but it was later broken up into smaller dioceses.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> [[Methodism]] is also represented in Beverley with around three places of worship. ==Culture== [[Image:Beverley Racecourse.jpg|thumb|right|[[Beverley Racecourse]].]] As a [[market town]], the market day is central to culture in Beverley; a smaller market day is held on Wednesday, however the main event is on Saturday with all of the stalls.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.discoveryorkshirecoast.com/documents/pdf/factsheets/combined/market_days.pdf|publisher=DiscoverYorkshireCoast.com|title=Market Days|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> Throughout each year there are various annual [[music festival]]s in the town, catering to different kinds of music. This includes; the Early Music Festival in May, the [[Beverley Folk Festival]] in June which features two days of folk music, comedy and workshops, the Jazz Festival in August, followed by the Chamber Music Festival in September.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Held monthy at the Beverley Memorial Hall is local music event ''Sunday Live''. In terms of [[sport]], the most noted field of participation is [[horse racing]] with the [[Beverley Racecourse]]. The sport has a long history in Beverley, with evidence of a permanent race track reaching back as far as 1690, while its first [[grandstand]] was built in 1767.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.greyhoundderby.com/Brief%20history%20of%20Beverley.htm|publisher=GreyhoundDerby.com|title=Beverley Racecourse|date=[[24 October]] [[2007]]}}</ref> The town is represented in [[association football|football]] by Beverley Town who currently play in the [[Humber Premier League]]. Beverley was the host for the [[2006 British National Cycling Championships]]. Beverley town has a variety of [[public houses]], some of which have become [[tourist attraction]]s.<ref name="bevpub">{{cite web|url =http://www.bevpub.co.uk/?page_id=2|title =About|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=BevPub.co.uk}}</ref> Examples include The Sun Inn, the town's oldest [[public house]] dating back to around 1530.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.bevpub.co.uk/?page_id=28|title =The Sun Inn|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=BevPub.co.uk}}</ref> There are over 40 public houses in Beverley - the vast majority have been there for over a century.<ref name="bevpub">{{cite web|url =http://www.bevpub.co.uk/?page_id=2|title =About|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=BevPub.co.uk}}</ref> Beverley is also home to one of the last pubs in the world to still use authentic [[gas lighting]]; The White Horse Inn (or "Nellie's" to the local population) is owned by the [[Samuel Smith Brewery]] company.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.bevpub.co.uk/?page_id=30|title =The White Horse (Nellies)|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=BevPub.co.uk}}</ref> == Transport == [[Image:Beverley Station.jpg|thumb|right|Beverley railway station.]] The town is served by [[Beverley railway station]] on the [[Yorkshire Coast Line]] that runs between [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] and [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], currently ran by [[Northern Rail]]. There was previously a [[York to Beverley Line]]. Beverley railway station was opened in October 1846 by the [[York and North Midland Railway]] and gained junction status nineteen years later when the [[North Eastern Railway (UK)|North Eastern Railway]] opened it's line to [[Market Weighton]] and [[York railway station|York]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The station, designed by [[George Townsend Andrews]] is now a Grade II [[listed building]] and has an elegant overall roof.<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> The five-mile £13 m [[A1079 road|A1079]] Beverley Bypass opened in May 1980, the road links York and [[Kingston upon Hull]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.grahamstuart.org.uk/record.jsp?type=article&ID=26|title =Graham Stuart MP - working hard for Beverley and Holderness|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=GrahamStuart.org.uk}}</ref> There are good, regular bus links with Hull City Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.carlberry.co.uk/rfnshowl.asp?L1=BEV003|title =Beverley|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=CarlBerry.co.uk}}</ref> [[Beverley Beck]] is a [[canal]] which gives boats access to the town from the [[River Hull]]. The Beck is used by [[fishermen]] for matching a large veriety of fish such as [[pike]], [[bream]] and [[carp]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> Previously the Beverley Beck used to form a more singificant role in transport as part of the [[trade]] [[industry]], where Beverley was a trading post of the [[Hanseatic League]].<ref name="beverleyhistory">{{cite book | last =Hopkins | first = Pamela| title =The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire| publisher = Blackthorn Press | url =http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_History_of_Beverley_East_Yorkshire/9780954053598 | isbn = 0954053591}}</ref> It remains as home to the Beverley Barge Preservation Society in the modern day.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.beverley.gov.uk/Contents/Text/Index.asp?SiteId=476&SiteExtra=19749316&TopNavId=428&NavSideId=10881|title = Six of the Best - Beverley's Best Bits!|accessdate = 2007-10-24|date = [[2007-09-03]]|publisher=Beverley.gov.uk}}</ref> ==Notable people== {{Prose|date=July 2008}} {{col-start}} {{col-3}} *[[John Fisher]] (1469 &ndash; 1535), bishop, cardinal, saint, martyr *[[John Merbecke]] (1510 &ndash; 1585), theologian, musician *[[Thomas Percy (plotter)|Thomas Percy]] (1560 &ndash; 1605), Gunpowder plotter *[[George Collison]] (1772 &ndash; 1847), academic, theologian *[[William Binnington Boyce]] (1804 &ndash; 1889) philologist, clergyman *[[Julia Pardoe]] (1806 &ndash; 1862), poet, novelist, historian *[[Peter Goy]] (born 1938), footballer *[[Gerry Ingram]] (born 1947), footballer {{col-3}} *[[Mike Score]] (born 1957), keyboardist, singer *[[Neil Thompson]] (born 1963), footballer *[[Anna Maxwell Martin]] (born 1978), actress *[[Paul Robinson (goalkeeper)|Paul Robinson]] (born 1979), footballer *[[Katie O'Brien]] (born 1986), tennis player *[[Eleanor Tomlinson]] (born 1992), actress * [[Guy Smith]] (born 1974), [[2003 24 Hours of Le Mans]] winner {{col-end}} ==Twin towns== *{{flagicon|France}} [[Nogent-sur-Oise]] in [[France]] *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Lemgo]] in [[Germany]] ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist|2}} ===Bibliography=== *[[Isaac Taylor (canon)|Isaac Taylor]], ''Names and Their Histories'' (London: Rivington's, 1898), 68. ==External links== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.beverley.gov.uk/ www.beverley.gov.uk] *[http://www.mediauk.com/newspapers/343202/beverley-advertiser Beverley Advertiser] *[http://www.beverleyguardian.co.uk beverleyguardian.co.uk] {{East Yorkshire}} [[Category:County towns in England]] [[Category:Market towns in England]] [[Category:Towns in the East Riding of Yorkshire]] [[Category:Trading posts of the Hanseatic League]] [[Category:Parishes of the East Riding of Yorkshire]] [[bg:Бевърли (Англия)]] [[da:Beverley]] [[de:Beverley]] [[et:Beverley]] [[eo:Beverley]] [[id:Beverley]] [[it:Beverley]] [[nl:Beverley]] [[ro:Beverley]] [[sv:Beverley]] [[vo:Beverley]]