Bhopal 47946 225982838 2008-07-16T09:19:04Z Sudhirmr 7440930 /* Road trip - Stunning sights */ {{otheruses}} {{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |native_name=Bhopal |type=capital |latd = 23.25 |longd= 77.42 |locator_position=right |state_name= Madhya Pradesh |district= [[Bhopal District|Bhopal]] |leader_title=Mayor |leader_name=Mr. Sunil Sood |altitude=427 |population_as_of = 2001 |population_total = 1482718 |population_density = 160 |area_magnitude=9 |area_total=308.14 |area_telephone= 91 (0)755 |postal_code= 462001 |vehicle_code_range= MP-04 |footnotes = }} '''Bhopāl''' {{audio|Bhopal.ogg|pronunciation}} ([[Hindi]]: भोपाल {{IPA2|bʰoːpɑːl}}) is a city in central [[India]]. It is the capital of the Indian [[Indian state|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and the administrative headquarters of [[Bhopal District]] and [[Bhopal Division]]. Bhopal is the second largest city in Madhya Pradesh after [[Indore]]. Bhopal is known as the ''City of Lakes'' as its landscape is dotted with a number of natural as well as man made lakes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southasiabiz.com/2006/10/city_of_lakes_mosques_and_temp.html |title=City of Lakes |accessdate=2007-04-12 }}</ref> Historically, Bhopal was also the capital of the [[Bhopal (state)|Bhopal state]]. The city attracted international attention as a consequence of the [[Bhopal disaster]], when the [[Union Carbide]] plant (now a part of [[Dow Chemical Company]]) leaked deadly [[methyl isocyanate]] gas during the night of [[December 3]] [[1984]]. The plant was operated by a separate Indian subsidiary, Union Carbide India Limited. The poisonous gas killed thousands of people in the city and its neighbouring areas, and thousands of others still suffer from its effects even two decades later. Since then, Bhopal has been a center of protests and campaigns which have been joined by many people across the globe. On [[11 April]] [[2005]], the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] established a [[INSAT Master Control Facility|Master Control Facility]] in Ayodhya Nagar, to control the movements of satellites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/newsletters/spaceindia/oct2004jun2005/Chapter2.htm |title=ISRO Master Control Facility |accessdate=2007-03-27 }}</ref> It is the second of its kind in the country (the first being at Hassan <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Control_Facility_of_ISRO,_Hassan</ref>). Bhopal is one of the six cities chosen to have a [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] campus apart from Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060117/1701025.htm |title =Bhopal AIIMS |accessdate=2007-03-20 }}</ref> The land has been allotted by the government and construction work has been started for the same. ==History== {{seealso|Bhopal (state)}} Bhopal is said to have been founded by the [[Parmara]] King [[Bhoj]] (1000–1055), who had his capital at [[Dhar]]. The city was originally known as Bhojpal named after Bhoj and the dam ('pal') that he is said to have constructed to form the lakes surrounding Bhopal. The fortunes of Bhopal rose and fell with that of its reigning dynasty. As the Parmaras declined in power, the city was ransacked several times and finally faded away into obscurity. An [[Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghan]] soldier called Dost Mohammad Khan (not to be confused with the later [[Dost Mohammad Khan|Afghan King]] carrying the same name) laid out the present city at the same site following the death of the [[Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in 1707. He brought with himself the Islamic influence on the culture and architecture of Bhopal, the ruins of which can be found at Islam Nagar. Bhopal, the second largest Muslim state in pre-independence India<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/1860645283/ |title=Second largest Muslim state |publisher=Tour Travel World |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> was ruled by four [[Begum of Bhopal|Begums]] from 1819 to 1926. Qudisa Begum was the first female ruler of Bhopal, who was succeeded by her only daughter Sikandar, who in turn was succeeded by her only daughter, [[Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Shahjehan]]. Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum was the last female ruler, and stepped down to her son. The succession of the ‘Begums’ gave the city such innovations as waterworks, railways and a postal system. Several monuments still stand in the city as reminders of this glorious period in its history. A municipality was constituted in 1907.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bhopalmunicipal.com/history.htm|title= BMC History|accessdate= 2007-06-12|date=[[15 May]] [[2007]]}}</ref> It was one of the last [[princely state]]s to sign the '[[Instrument of Accession]]' 1947. Though India achieved Independence in August 1947, the ruler of Bhopal acceded to the Indian government only on [[1 May]] [[1949]]. [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] refugees from [[Pakistan]] were accommodated in Bairagarh, a western suburb of Bhopal. According to the [[States Reorganization Act of 1956]], Bhopal state was integrated into the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and Bhopal was declared as its [[capital]]. The population of the city rose rapidly henceforth. === Bhopal disaster === {{main|Bhopal disaster}} On [[December 3]] [[1984]], a [[Union Carbide]] plant in Bhopal leaked 40 tons of toxic [[methyl isocyanate]] gas, leading to the [[Bhopal disaster]]. According to [[BBC]], the [[death toll]] of the disaster was about 3,000 initially, with at least 20,000 additional deaths from related illnesses in the years following the disaster.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/3/newsid_2698000/2698709.stm BBC — On This Day. 3rd December, 1984: Hundreds die in Bhopal chemical accident].</ref> [[Greenpeace]] cites a total casualty figure of 20,000 as its conservative estimate.<ref>Green Peace international.[http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/nightmare-in-bhopal.html Nightmare in Bhopal]</ref> The Bhopal disaster is often cited as the world's worst [[industrial disaster]].<ref>[http://www.greenpeace.org/international/photosvideos/slideshows/bhopal-the-world-s-worst-ind Bhopal - The world's worst industrial disaster]</ref><ref>ABC [http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2004/s1257352.htm 20th anniversary of world's worst industrial disaster]. Simi Chakrabarti</ref> ==Geography and Climate== {{climate chart |[[Bhopal]] |12|23|4 |14|26|3 |19|32|1 |23|37|3 |27|38|11 |26|35|136 |23|29|279 |23|27|360 |22|30|185 |20|31|52 |16|27|21 |13|24|7 |source=[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=76624&refer=&units=metric Weatherbase] |float=right |clear=none }} Bhopal has an average elevation of 499&nbsp;metres (1637&nbsp;feet). Bhopal is located in the central part of India, and is just north of the upper limit of the [[Vindhya]] mountain ranges. Located on the [[Malwa]] plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the [[Vindhya Range]] to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has small hills within its boundaries. The major hills in Bhopal comprise of Idgah hills and Shyamala hills in the northern region and Arera hills in the central region. Bhopal has a sub-tropical climate with hot summers from April to June, the wet monsoon season from July to September and a cool winter from November to February. The municipality covers 286 square kilometres. It has two very beautiful lakes, collectively known as the [[Bhoj Wetland]]. These lakes are the [[Bada Talaab|Upper Lake]] (built by King Bhoj) and the Lower Lake. Locally these are known as the Bada Talab and Chota Talab respectively. The catchment area of the Upper Lake is 361&nbsp;km² while that of the Lower Lake is 9.6&nbsp;km². The Upper Lake drains into the Kolans River. The [[Van Vihar National Park]] is a national park situated beside the Upper Lake. The national park also has a museum in its premises. Kheoni Wild Life Sanctuary is situated 125&nbsp;km from Bhopal. ==Economy== The city is divided into two major areas, the old city and the new city. The major industries in the old city are electrical goods, cotton, chemicals and jewellery. Other industries include cotton and flour milling, cloth weaving and painting, as well as matches, sealing wax, and sporting equipment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9079067/Bhopal#84367.hook |title=Bhopal industries |accessdate=2007-04-10 }}</ref> The residents here also engage in small retail businesses. Handicraft is a major product of the old city. There is a huge demand for its very famous [[zardozi]] work, which is a kind of embroidery done on bridal dresses, sherwanis, and purses. Another famous handicraft of Bhopal is 'Batua', a small string purse, usually used with Indian traditional dresses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.craftandartisans.com/zari-zardozi-tinsel-embroidery.html |title=Zari and Batua |accessdate=2007-04-12 }}</ref> There are a large number of garages in the older city which specialise in automobile conversion. These garages produce custom-modified and tuned cars, [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]s and motorbikes. [[Image:Bhopal road.JPG‎|thumb|left|120px|Construction of infrastructure has become huge business]] Being a state capital, the new city has a majority of residents working for the State and Central Government Departments. There are two major office complexes on Arera Hills named Satpura and Vindhyachal, which house a number of State Government offices and projects. Adjacent to them is the State Secretariat, Vallabh Bhavan. In their vicinity are other State and Central Government offices which include major national banks and insurance companies. Bhopal's major commercial area is Maharana Pratap Nagar, which accommodates many business houses. There are a number of hardware as well as software vendors in this part of the city. Other businesses include daily newsletter offices and press, hotels and restaurants, coaching and tuition centers and entertainment. [[Image:Bhopal Corporate Office BHEL.jpg|thumb|right|120px|BHEL Bhopal Administrative Building]] Bhopal has a cantonment in the old city as well as military presence near Bairagarh and the airport. The cantonment houses one of the Services Selection board centers that recruits troops and officers for the armed forces. [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]], the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India, has a [http://www.bhelbhopal.com/ unit] in Bhopal. It occupies a large area on the eastern side of the city and maintains a suburb named after it. A majority of the residents of the suburb are employed by the unit. [[Mandideep]] is an industrial suburb of Bhopal. It is located to the South of Bhopal on the Bhopal-Itarsi highway and houses a number of plants belonging to some of the reputed companies of India like [[Procter & Gamble]], [http://www.fujitsu-optel.com/ Fujitsu], [[Eicher]], [[L&T]], HEG and [http://www.vatech-hydro.com/ VA Tech Hydro]. A North Western suburb of Bhopal called Bairagarh, which was earlier a camp for Sindhi refugees from Pakistan, has developed into market for textiles. Bhopal is also home to the [[Bhaskar Group]] which is a [[Rs.]]&nbsp;1700&nbsp;crore (Rs.&nbsp;17&nbsp;billion) business conglomerate with strong presence in newspapers, television, entertainment, printing, textiles, fast moving consumer goods, oils, solvents and internet services. Its head office is located in Maharana Pratap Nagar. [[Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.|Manjul Publishing House]], located in the old city, is a major publishing house made famous by the translation of the [[Harry Potter]] series of novels into [[Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20050010198 |title=Manjul Publishing House |accessdate=2007-04-04 }}</ref> The Madhya Pradesh State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. is going to develop a Software & Hardware Technology Park in Bhopal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpsedc.com/stp_bhopal.htm |title=Technology Park in Bhopal |accessdate=2007-04-10 }}</ref> Multinational companies like [[Genpact]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bpowatchindia.com/news/news1198.asp |title=[[Genpact]] BPO |accessdate=2007-04-11 }}</ref> Fujitsu and Taurus Microsystems are expected to open their centers in the Technology Park. aditya vikram ==Government and Politics== Bhopal is the capital city of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It houses the State Legislative Assembly, or the ''[[Vidhan Sabha]]'', which seats 230 members of Legislative Assembly. The twelfth (and current) Vidhan Sabha was elected in May, 2003.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://mpvidhansabha.nic.in/default.htm |title=Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> Currently, the party in the majority in Vidhan Sabha is [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) which is led by [[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]]. Bhopal district elects four seats to the Assembly. The administration of Bhopal city is handled by Bhopal Municipal Corporation, also known as BMC. The total area under BMC is 285&nbsp;km². The city is divided into 66 wards. Each ward elects a corporator. The winning party elects a council of members, who are responsible for various departments. The council members chose the Mayor among themselves. At present, there are ten members in the council. The Commissioner of Bhopal is the highest officer of Municipal Corporate Office, which is responsible for the departments of public works, revenue and tax, water supply, planning and development, fire brigade, health and sanitation, finance & accounts etc. The Commissioner of Bhopal currently is nikunj shrivastava.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.bhopalmunicipal.com |title=Bhopal Municipal Corporation |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> ==Transport== Within Bhopal, city buses — known as 'mini bus', due to their size — are the most common means of transport. Most of these are in a dilapidated condition, but their reach is comprehensive and fare, reasonable. Recently 'Starbuses' have been plying on the roads. These are bigger and more comfortable buses and charge nominally more than their smaller counterparts. [[Autorickshaw]]s are another major means of transport. They are particularly known for their ornate make-up and blaring sound systems. In some routes in the older city, bigger diesel-rickshaws - known as 'bhat', the shortened name for 'bhat-suar' - are used as shared means of transport. Road conditions have been improving over the years and are becoming wider. Lot of hard work and money is being spent both by government and industrial giants for developing and maintaining huge infrastructures in Bhopal. The personal transport of the locals is mainly two-wheeler, but the number of four-wheelers is growing at an amazing rate. National Highway 12 passes through Bhopal which connects it to Jabalpur in the East and Jaipur in the West. National Highway 86 connects Bhopal to Sagar in the East to Indore in the West. There are numerous daily buses to [[Indore]] (186&nbsp;km), [[Ujjain]] (188&nbsp;km), [[Gwalior]] (423&nbsp;km), [[Jabalpur]] (295&nbsp;km), [[Khajuraho]] (383&nbsp;km), [[Sanchi]] (46&nbsp;km), [[Pachmarhi]] (195&nbsp;km) and [[Vidisha]] (65&nbsp;km). A state-of-the-art Interstate Bus Terminus is coming up near the Habibganj station.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060110/1001027.htm |title = Interstare Bus Terminus |accessdate = 2007-03-16 }}</ref> Bhopal is a major railway station and a small junction. It is well connected by rail to all parts of the country being on the main North-South line of the country. A list of all major trains passing through Bhopal can be found [[Bhopal Trains|here]]. It is also close to the main East-West junction, Itarsi. Habibganj is the other major station of Bhopal which has a state-of-the-art building and also boasts of being the first ISO 9000:2001 certified station in India.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.bhopalplus.com/fullStory.asp?articleID=BHOP5ART3312006 |title=Habibganj Station |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> [[Bhopal Express : Shaan - E - Bhopal]], with its headquarter at Habibganj station, is also the first train in India to obtain an ISO 9001:2000 certificate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20030002786 |title=Bhopal Express |accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> Bhopal has an International airport with very basic amenities that connects it to Delhi, Mumbai, Indore, Gwalior and Jabalpur and many major cities of India. [[Bhopal Airport|The Raja Bhoj International airport]] is located near the satellite town Bairagarh <ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070117/1701021.htm |title=Bhopal Airport expansion |accessdate=2007-03-14 }}</ref>. ==Demographics== Bhopal has a population of 1,482,718, which is divided into 781,282 men and 701,436 women, according to the census of 2001.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://bhopal.nic.in/glance.htm |title=Demographics of Bhopal |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> This results in a sex ratio of 898 women for every 1000 men. The population consists of 56% Hindus and 38% Muslims, with the rest of the population including Christians, Sikhs, Jains, and, Buddhists. The Old City of Bhopal is a predominantly [[Muslim]] area with large Pathan population but New Bhopal is a demographically cosmopolitan area. The chief languages are [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] and [[English language|English]], but there are a substantial number of [[Marathi]] speakers as well. In the [[Bhopal (state)|princely state of Bhopal]], [[Persian language|Persian]] was the court language until nineteenth century. The common street Hindi spoken in Bhopal is termed as Bhopali and is the subject of comedy in [[Bollywood]] movies. An example of the language is used by actor [[Jagdeep]] in the film [[Sholay]]. Bhopal is known to its residents and visitors as a calm and peaceful city. Except for the 1992 riots as an aftermath of felling of Babri Masjid, the city has remained comparatively unperturbed by the recent spate in communalist activities. The city, specially the new city, is quite clean and green. It has always been a favourite among the retirees who want to settle down, which has resulted in a sudden interest in the development of new areas outside the city outskirts. * Population: 1.5 million * Total waste generation: 600 ton/day * Waste generation per capita: 0.43 kg/person per day ==Culture== [[Image:Bharat Bhawan.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bharat Bhavan]] Bhopal is known for its exquisite manners and high culture. To this day, shairis and poetry recitals are as popular in Bhopal as in movies. Typical Bhopalis, residing in the old city, are known for their ''nafasat'', or sophistication. Bhopal is famous for its culture of ''parda, zarda, garda aur namarda''. ''Parda'' is a curtain, which was used to veil the women of the house from outsiders, ''zarda'' is a kind of tobacco product which is quite famous with Bhopalis, ''garda'' is loose dirt that used to blow around specially during hot summer days, and ''namarda'' meaning a eunuch. Basically found in the old city areas of Itwara, Mangalwara, Budhwara etc., they roam around the city and collect ''chanda'', or donation, for every big festival such as [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], [[Eid]] etc. At special occasions like marriage or a child birth, they visit the families and demand huge sums for donations. At this moment they showcase their talent, which is singing and dancing. They have also started to contest elections at local and state levels<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20030009538 |title=Eunuchs contesting elections |accessdate=2007-04-04 }}</ref> Bhopal has an extensive culture of ''paan'' eating. ''Paan'' is a preparation with a betel leaf topped with variety of seasonings, the most common being ''chuna, kattha'' and ''supari''. Bhopali people treat ''paan'' preparation as a science and an art, which is perfected among the streets of Bhopal, a tradition passed down generations. The paans in Bhopal are wide in variety and innovations<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiasurabhi.com/exploreindia/cuisinemain.htm |title=Bhopal Paan |accessdate=2007-04-11 }}</ref> Bhopalis celebrate all festivals with equal fervor. Diwali is celebrated with equal pomp and glory as Eid. People still visit each others houses and greet each other on various occasions. Gifts and sweets are exchanged and donations made to the poor. Diwali is celebrated by performing puja of the wealth goddess ''Lakshmi''. Later in the night, fire-crackers are burst in the open by young and old with equal enthusiasm. Eid is special to the city as all the Hindus take time out to visit their Muslim friends and greet them and get treated with delicacies, the specialty of the day being sweet ''sewai''. Bhopali culture is such that both Hindus and Muslims visit each other on their respective festivals to greet and exchange sweets. During Ganesh puja and Durga Puja (Navratras), idols of Lord Ganesh and Goddess Durga are established in ''jhankis'' throughout the city. People throng to offer prayers to their deities. At the end of Navratras, on the day of Vijayadashmi, or Dusshehra, huge effigies of Ravan are burnt in different parts of the city. Some of them are organized by the local administration and stand as tall as 60 feet. [[Image:Bhimbetka1.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Bhimbetka rock painting]] [[Bharat Bhavan]] is the main cultural centre of the city and of the most important cultural centers of India. It has an art gallery, an open-air amphitheatre facing the Upper Lake, two other theatres and a tribal museum. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (National Museum of Humans) showcases the various hutments that tribals of across India use for shelter. The popular holiday spots near Bhopal include [[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]] (famous for a [[Shiva]] temple and [[Jain]] shrines), [[Sanchi]] (notable for ancient [[Buddhist]] [[Stupas]] built by [[Ashoka]]), and the [[Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka]] (a [[World Heritage Site]] of archaeological interest). Bhopal has many mosques including [[Taj-ul-Masajid]] (one of the largest mosques in Asia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourtravelworld.com/hot_spots/bhopal/Taj-ul-Masajid/ |title=Taj-ul-Masajid |publisher=Tour Travel World |accessdate=2007-03-12 }}</ref>), Dhai Seedi ki Masjid (one of the smallest mosques in Asia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.destinationindiatourism.com/india-tour-destinations/bhopal-tours.html |title=Bhopal Tours |accessdate=2007-03-12 }}</ref>), Jama Masjid (built by Qudsia Begum in 1837) and Moti Masjid (built by [[Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Sikander Begum]] in 1860). Some of the major historical buildings in Bhopal include Shaukat Mahal (a mixture of Indo-Islamic and European styles of architecture), Gohar Mahal (built by Qudsia Begum, fusion of Hindu and Mughal architecture), Sadar Manzil (used by the Begums for public audience, now used as the head-office of the Municipal Corporation) and Purana Kila (part of the 300-year old fort of Queen Kamalapati, situated in the Kamala Nehru Park). Lakshmi Narayan Temple (or [[Birla]] Mandir), situated to the south of Lower Lake, is a temple devoted to Lord [[Vishnu]] and his consort [[Laxmi]]. An annual fare is held on Kartik Purnima at Manua Bhan Ki Tekri (Mahavir Giri), a [[Jain]] pilgrimage center located around seven km away from Bhopal. The [[Udaygiri Caves]], located near the town of [[Vidisha]], are cut into the side at a sandstone hill, date back from A.D. 320 to 606. An inscription in one of these caves states that it was carved out during the reign of Chandragupta II (A.D. 382-401). A three-day Ijtima (religious congregation) used to be held in the precincts of the Taj-ul-Masjid annually. It draws scores at Muslim pilgrims from all parts of India. It has now been shifted outside the city limits. Every year in January/February, the villages of the Manav Sangrahalaya hosts the potters' workshops, folk music and dance, and open-air plays. It showcases the tribals of the region who demonstrate their skills in painting, weaving, and the fashioning of bell metal into exquisite works of art. ==Sports== Cricket is popular in Bhopal. Although it does not have any stadium of international level, cricket at various levels is played at the Babe Ali stadium and the Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd. Sports Complex; the latter has even hosted a few matches at the national level.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57957.html |title=Cricinfo, BHEL Sports Complex |accessdate=2007-04-03 }}</ref> At local level, cricket is played at Old Campion ground. Other tennis ball matches also take place in various parts of the city. The youngest captain of the Indian cricket team, [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], was born and brought up in Bhopal. The Tatya Tope Stadium, located in the heart of the city, was a cricket stadium and held matches at local and state level.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theoldie.co.uk/india/content/ground/57958.html |title=Cricinfo, Tatya Tope Stadium |accessdate=2007-04-03 }}</ref> But it has lately been converted into a multi-purpose stadium, with facilities for athletics, footbal, tennis, squash, table-tennis, volleball, basketball and a gymnasium. Bhopal is also known for its hockey lovers. The Aishbagh stadium is synonymous for hockey players. Many players reach different grounds for practice. The city has produced many national and international players for Indian hockey team. The more famous one being [[Aslam Sher Khan]], who represented India in several international games and was a part of the World Cup winning team in 1975. He later joined politics and went on to become a Member of Parliament. He also served the national hockey by being a part of the national selection committee. His father, Ahmed Sher Khan, represented India at the Berlin Olympics in 1936 along with [[Dhyan Chand|Major Dhyan Chand]].<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/granthalaya/hellwithhockey/pre1975/page2.htm |title=The Autobiography of Aslam Sher Khan |author=Matin Khan |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1982 |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> Another popular sport of Bhopalis is body building. In the old city, there are a number of gyms where youngsters workout everyday to make their body muscular. Slowly, this trend has caught up even in the new city where more modern equipments are being employed to help their members get into better shape. Body builders from the local gyms participate at national level and have tasted success at the state level. Apart from this, at school and college level, [[table-tennis]], [[volleyball]], [[basketball]], [[football (soccer)|football]] and [[swimming]] are also popular sports. Every summer, [[Sports Authority of India]] holds camps which provide coaching to students of various ages games and sports of their choices. Another famous son of Bhopal is (Late) J P Narayanan. A graduate Mechanical Engineer from Maulana Azad College of Technology, (MACT), Bhopal, Narayanan had to his credit broadcasting running commentaries in English for 100 One-Day Internationals and 44 Test matches in his career as a cricket commentator for All India Radio (AIR). The third One-Day International match between India and Pakistan played at Keenan Stadium, Jamshedpur in India on April 9, 2005 was his last assignment as a cricket commentator. An employee of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the BHEL sports complex was renamed to JP Narayanan Sports Complex, BHEL in an effort to honor his contribution to cricket in Bhopal and nationally as well. Bhopal is also coming up as a center of adventure sports. Trekking camps are being organised by Youth Hostels and other private clubs<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/20061121/2111032.htm |title=Bhopal Adventure Sports |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> and their destinations are Budhni Ghat, Narsingarh, Ratapani Sanctuary, Delawadi, [[Bhimbetka]], Manuabhan Ki Tekri etc. The government has also established India's first National Sailing Club<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/20060809/0908021.htm |title=Water Sports in Bhopal |accessdate=2007-03-08 }}</ref> at the Boat Club, in the [[Bada Talaab|Upper Lake]]. This club offers various water sports such as kayaking, canoeing, rafting, water skiing, para-sailing etc. Since its inception, it has hosted Canoeing and Kayaking Championships at national<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/showsports.aspx?id=SPOEN20050018409 |title=National Canoeing and Kayaking Championship |accessdate=2007-04-04 }}</ref> as well as international<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/showsports.aspx?id=SPOEN20030016656 |title=Asian Canoeing and Kayaking Championship |accessdate=2007-04-04 }}</ref> levels. Other adventure sports include parasailing, paragliding, hot air ballooning etc. ==Education== Bhopal has a number of state government run schools (affiliated to the Madhya Pradesh Board). There are, also, four center run [[Kendriya Vidyalaya|Central schools]](Kendriya Vidyalaya) in the city (affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]). Additionally, there are numerous private schools and a few Convent schools, which are run by the missionaries; these schools are affiliated to either the M.P. Board or C.B.S.E. Colleges in Bhopal are abundant, including many for technical education( there are 23 engineering colleges in and around Bhopal),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://210.212.145.131/rgtu_web/enggbe.html |title=List of Engineering colleges |accessdate=2007-04-03 }}</ref> apart from [[Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology]], which is one of the eight earliest [[Regional Engineering College]] of India. The Regional Institute of Education (RIE), a premier institution catering to Teacher Education is situated on top of Shyamla Hill. This is a constituent unit of the National Council of Educational Research & Training (NCERT) and is one of four such institutes in the country.Mediacal Education: Gandhi Medical College oldest(1956) of all,offers bachelor's and master's degrees in the field of medicine.Peoples College of Medical Sciences is the recent(2004) addition.All India Institute of Medial Sciences Has already been sanctioned and the construction is in progress,Foundation of Mahavir (Jain) Medical College has recently(2008) been laid by Chief Minister of MP construction in progress.There are five Dental Colleges in the city namely Peoples College of Dental Sciences,Peoples Academy of Dental Sciences,Rishiraj Dental College,RKDF Dental College and Mansarovar Dental College.There are number of nursing colleges mainly Pragyan,Arbindo,Kushbhau Thakre,Kasturba(BHEL) College of Nursing.Two University Institutes of Technology (previously know as Government Engineering College) are affiliated to [[Rajiv Gandhi Technical University|Rajiv Gandhi Technical University: University of Technology of Madhya Pradesh]], which provides degree courses in all the technical fields throughout the state of Madhya Pradesh, and [[Barkatullah University]], which affiliates numerous technical and non-technical colleges in the city. [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] provides long distance courses to students in all types of fields. [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism]] runs various courses in the fields of journalism, mass communication, information technology and library sciences. [[National Law Institute University]], which stands 3rd in ranking among Indian law schools and American law school, is also located here.Bhopal also houses The National Judicial Academy near Bhabhada,the only of its kind in the country for the training and update of Judges.The academy is run directly under the agies of The Chief Justice,Supreme Court of India.[[Indian Institute of Forest Management]] is a management institute located on the south western outskirts of the city which specializes in research and training in the forest and allied sectors. It is a CAT allied, autonomous institute set-up with the help of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. Another specialist management institute in Bhopal is the Institute for Hotel Management, which is one of the premier institutes providing such course. == Road trip - Stunning sights == * Hathaikhedi - a beautiful place full with river water, trees of mango, date and scenic fields having wheat, soyabean, sugar cane crops. Specially in rainy season this place become charming. One can visit Hathaikhedi via Phanda which is off Bhopal-Indore highway. Hathikhedi is just 19 kilometer from Bhopal railway station. * Mahavir Tekri - A picturesque temple and a park atop a hill that overlooks the upper lake.A wonderful spot for killing time while watching the sunset or the sunrise. * Kerwa dam - A scenic dam about 15 km from bhopal off kotra.This is an excellent spot to enjoy a nice picnic.The place is best visited in the rains as the water level is low in summers. * Bhojpur - About 35 km from the city lies the town of bhojpur which has a huge temple dedicated to lord shiva.But the main attraction is the nearby river and the valley leading to it.Again best seen in the rains. *Raisen fort - About 50 km from the city lies Raisen a small town. There lies a huge fort built right into the mountain dating back centuries. Walking around is easier in winter without the sun or the rains.A must-see for anyone visiting bhopal *There is of course bhimbetka and sanchi both known for their historical significance. ==Further reading== * {{cite book |last = Lapierre |first = Dominique |title = Five Past Midnight in Bhopal |publisher = Warner Books |year = 2002 |id = ISBN 0743220358 }} * {{cite book |last = Khan |first = Shaharyar |middle = M. |title = Begums of Bhopal, A Dynasty of Women Rulers in Raj India |id = ISBN 1860645283 }} * {{cite book |last = Singh |first = J.P. |publisher = Mittal Publications,India |year = 1998 |title = City Planning in India: A Study of Land Use of Bhopal |id = ISBN 8170997054 }} * {{cite book |last = Howgh |first = William |publisher = Hesperides Press |year = 2006 |title = A Brief History Of The Bhopal Principality In Central India |id = ISBN 1406712256 }} * {{cite book |last = Mittal |first = Kamal |publisher = South Asia Books |year = 1990 |title = History of Bhopal State: Development of Constitution, Administration and National Awakening, 1901-1949 |id = ISBN 9990309159 }} == References == <span class="plainlinks">{{reflist|2}}</span> == External links == * [http://www.bhopal.nic.in Official Website of Bhopal City] * [http://www.bhopalmunicipal.com Bhopal Municipal Corporation Website] * {{wikitravel}} * [http://www.bhopalairport.com Bhopal Airport] <!--start of Navigation boxes--><br clear=all> {{State and Union Territory capitals of India}} {{Million-plus cities in India}} <!--end of Navigation boxes--> <!-- inter-language links --> [[Category:Bhopal]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh]] [[Category:Bhopal railway division]] [[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]] [[bn:ভোপাল]] [[cs:Bhópál]] [[cy:Bhopal]] [[da:Bhopal]] [[de:Bhopal]] [[es:Bhopal]] [[eo:Bhopal]] [[fa:بوپال]] [[fr:Bhopal]] [[hi:भोपाल]] [[bpy:ভোপাল]] [[id:Bhopal]] [[it:Bhopal]] [[lt:Bhopalas]] [[mr:भोपाळ]] [[nl:Bhopal]] [[new:भोपाल]] [[ja:ボーパール]] [[no:Bhopal]] [[pl:Bhopal]] [[pt:Bhopal]] [[ro:Bhopal]] [[ru:Бхопал]] [[sa:भोपाल]] [[simple:Bhopal]] [[fi:Bhopal]] [[sv:Bhopal]] [[ta:போபால்]] [[vi:Bhopal]] [[uk:Бхопал]] [[zh:博帕尔]]