Bias 40786 224658621 2008-07-09T21:11:13Z Harald Haugland 7192844 [[no:Bias]] {{Unreferenced|date=December 2007}} {{for|other senses of this word}} {{selfref|For Wikipedia's policy on avoiding bias, see [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]].}} '''Bias''' is a term used to describe a [[tendency]] or [[preference]] towards a particular [[perspective (cognitive)|perspective]], [[ideology]] or result. All [[information]] and points of view can generate some form of bias. A person is generally said to be ''biased'' if a reasonable observer would conclude that the person is ''markedly'' influenced by inner biases, rendering it unlikely for them to be able to be [[Objectivity (science)|objective]]. In careful usage bias refers to a belief that leads to a ''false'' judgment. ==In practice== Bias may result from [[opinion|opining]] on a subject while holding a particular viewpoint on the subject, and not applying neutral point of view correction to the process, whether consciously or unconsciously. In practice, an accusation of bias often results from a perception of unacknowledged [[favoritism]] on the part of a [[critic]] or [[judge]], or indeed any person in a position requiring the careful and disinterested exercise of arbitration or assessment. Any tendency to favour a certain set of values naturally lead to an uneven dispensation of judgment. It may also be noted that, if a person were to take their own preexisting view as ''[[A priori and a posteriori (philosophy)|a priori]]'' balanced without acknowledging their own personal inclinations, any person or organization that ''disagrees'' with their views is likely to be viewed as biased ''regardless'' of that person or organization's actual efforts at balance. It may be observed that bias is, in a sense, reflexive, unacknowledged or unrecognized bias potentially leading to its apprehension (with or without good reason) in others. ==Effects of biases== A bias could lead one to accept or deny the [[truth]] of a [[logical assertion|claim]], not on the basis of the strength of the arguments in support of the claim themselves, but because of the extent of the claim's correspondence with one's own preconceived [[idea]]s. This is called [[confirmation bias]]. it can change the results of certain results ==Forms of biases== These are just a few popular ones. *[[Social class|Class]]: bias favoring one social class and bias ignoring social or class divisions. *[[Corporatism|Commercial]]: [[advertising]], coverage of political campaigns favoring corporate interests, or reporting favoring media owner interests. *[[Cognitive bias]] *[[Cultural bias]]: interpreting and judging phenomena in terms particular to one's own culture. *[[Ethnicity|Ethnic]] or [[racism|racial]]: [[racism]], [[nationalism]], [[regionalism (politics)|regionalism]] and [[tribalism]]. *[[WP:CSB|Geographical]]: describing a dispute as it is conducted in one country, when the dispute is framed differently elsewhere. *[[Inductive bias]] *[[Media bias]]: real or perceived bias of [[journalist]]s and [[news]] producers within the [[mass media]], in the selection of which events will be reported and how they are covered *[[Nationalism|Nationalistic]]: favoring or opposing the interests or views of a particular nation. *[[Gender]]: including [[sexism]] and [[heteronormativity]]. *[[Linguistic]]: bias, favoring certain languages *[[Political]]: bias in favor of or against a particular political party, philosophy, policy or candidate. *[[Religion|Religious]]: bias for or against religion, faith or beliefs; *[[Sensationalism|Sensationalist]]: favoring the exceptional over the ordinary. This includes emphasizing, distorting, or fabricating exceptional news to boost commercial ratings. *[[Scientific]] (including [[antiscience|anti-scientific]] and [[scientific skepticism]]): favoring (or disfavoring) a scientist, inventor, or theory for non-scientific reasons. This can also include excessive favoring (or disfavoring) prevalent scientific opinion, if in doing so, notable viewpoints are no longer being treated neutrally. *[[Bias (statistics)|Statistical]]: one example is a [[biased sample]]. *Systematic: bias resulting from a flaw integral to the [[system]] within which the bias arises (for example, an incorrectly calibrated [[thermostat]] may consistently read — that is 'be biased' — several degrees hotter or colder than actual [[temperature]]). As a consequence, systematic bias commonly leads to [[systematic error]]s, as opposed to [[random error]]s, which tend to cancel one another out. ==See also== *[[Bias (textile)]] *[[List of cognitive biases]] *[[Scholarly method]] * [[Source criticism]] *[[Weasel words]] ==External links== {{wikiquote}} [[Category:Bias|*]] [[Category:Psychological attitude]] [[ar:انحياز]] [[da:Bias (psykologi)]] [[he:נטאי]] [[no:Bias]] [[pt:Viés]] [[simple:Bias]] [[sr:Биас]] [[sv:Metodfel]] [[tr:Ön yargı]]