Bidens
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{{Taxobox
| name = ''Bidens''
| image = Bombyliid_7294.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = [[Smooth Beggarticks]] (''[[Bidens laevis]]'') being pollinated by a [[bombyliid fly]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Asteridae]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Euasterids I]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Asteroideae]]
| tribus = [[Heliantheae]]
| subtribus = [[Coreopsidinae]]
| genus = '''''Bidens'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
Many, see text.
| synonyms =
''Campylotheca'' <small>Cass.</small>
}}
'''''Bidens''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Asteraceae]]. It contains about 200 [[species]]. The common names '''beggarticks''', '''bur-marigolds''', '''stickseeds''', '''tickseeds''' and '''tickseed sunflowers''' refer to the [[achene]] [[burr (fruit)|burr]]s on the [[seed]]s of this genus, most of which are barbed. The [[generic name]] refers the same fact; it means "two-tooth", from [[Latin]] ''bis'' "two" + ''dens'' "tooth".
[[Image:Epizoochoria NRM.jpg|thumb|left|''Bidens'' [[achene]]s sticking to a sleeve]]
The plants are [[zoochorous]]; their seeds will stick to clothing, fur or feathers, and be carried to new [[habitat]]. This has enabled them to colonize a wide range, including many [[oceanic island]]s. Some of these species occur only in a very restricted range and several are now threatened with [[extinct]]ion, notably in the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. Due to the absence of native mammals on these islands, some of the oceanic island [[taxa]] have reduced burrs, [[evolving]] features that seem to aid in dispersal by the wind instead.
[[Smooth Beggarticks]] (''[[Bidens laevis|B. laevis]]'') is a common fall [[flower]] in the southeastern [[USA]]. [[Pitchfork Weed]] (''B. frondosa'') is considered to be a [[weed]] in [[New Zealand]], although it is not officially declared an [[invasive species]].
On the Hawaiian Islands, ''Bidens'' are called '''''kokoʻolau''''' or '''''koʻokoʻolau'''''<ref>Carr (2006)</ref>. They were and still are used to brew a refreshing tea. In some regions, leaves of [[Hairy Beggarticks]] (''B. pilosa'') and [[Three-lobed Beggarticks]] (''B. tripartita'') are sometimes eaten as a vegetable.
[[Nodding Beggarticks]] (''[[Bidens cernua|B. cernua]]'') and Hairy Beggarticks are useful as [[honey plant]]s. Several ''Bidens'' species are used as food by the [[caterpillar]]s of certain [[Lepidoptera]], such as the [[noctuid moth]] ''[[Hypercompe hambletoni]]'' and the [[Vanessa cardui|Painted Lady]] (''Vanessa cardui'', a [[brush-footed butterfly]]). The [[plant pathogen]] [[Bidens mottle virus]] was named after the present genus, as it was first isolated from Hairy Beggarticks; it infects a wide range of [[Asteraceae]] and other plants.
==Selected species==
[[Image:Bidens alba.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Romerillo]]<br/>''[[Bidens alba]]'']]
[[Image:Bidens triplinervia2.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Apache Beggarticks]]<br/>''[[Bidens ferulifolia]]'']]
[[Image:Bidens mauiensis.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Maui Beggarticks]]<br/>''[[Bidens mauiensis]]'']]
[[Image:Bidens micrantha subsp. kalealaha.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Grassland Beggarticks|Kalealaha Beggarticks]]<br/>[[Bidens micrantha|''Bidens micrantha'' ssp. ''kalealaha'']]]]
* ''[[Bidens alba]]'' <small>(L.) DC.</small>{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- "(L.) A.P. Candolle"? --> – [[Romerillo]]
* ''Bidens amplectens'' – [[Waiʻanae Kokoʻolau]]
* ''[[Bidens amplissima]]'' <small>Greene</small> – [[Vancouver Island Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens aristosa]]'' <small>(Michx.) Britt.</small> – [[Bearded Beggarticks]], [[Long-bracted Beggarticks]], [[Tickseed Beggarticks]], [[Western Tickseed]]
* ''[[Bidens asymmetrica]]'' <small>(Levl.) Sherff</small> – [[Koʻolau Kokoʻolau]]
* ''[[Bidens aurea]]'' <small>(Ait.) Sherff</small> – [[Arizona Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens bidentoides]]'' <small>(Nutt.) Britt.</small> – [[Delmarva Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens bigelovii]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Bigelow's Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens bipinnata]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Spanish Needles]]
* ''Bidens campylotheca'' – [[Viper Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens cernua]]'' <small>L.</small> (syn. ''B. glaucescens'' <small>[[Edward Lee Greene|Greene]]</small>) – [[Nodding Beggarticks]], [[Nodding Bur-marigold]]
* ''[[Bidens cervicata]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – [[Kauaʻi Beggarticks]]
* ''Bidens conjuncta'' – [[Bog Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens connata]]'' <small>Muhl. ex Willd.</small> – [[Purple-stemmed Beggarticks]], [[Purple-stemmed Swamp Beggarticks]], [[Connate Beggarticks]], [[London Bur-marigold]], [[Southern Tickseed]]
* ''[[Bidens coronata]]'' <small>(L.) Britt.</small> – [[Crowned Beggarticks]]
* ''Bidens cosmoides'' – [[Cosmosflower Beggarticks]], ''poʻola nui''
* ''[[Bidens cuneata]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – [[Cuneate Bidens]], [[Wedge Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens cynapiifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small> – [[West Indian Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens discoidea]]'' <small>(Torr. & Gray) Britt.</small> – [[Discoid Beggarticks]]{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- was "Discord" but that is obviously nonsense or based on lapsus -->, [[Small Beggarticks]], [[Swamp Beggarticks]], [[Few-bracted Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens eatonii]]'' <small>Fern.</small> – [[Eaton's Beggarticks]]<!-- , [[Bident d'Eaton]] [is this species important in Francocanada? If not, leave French name to fr.wikipedia.org ;-)] -->
* ''[[Bidens ferulifolia]]'' <small>(Jacq.) DC.</small> – [[Apache Beggarticks]], [[Fern-leaved Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens forbesii]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – [[Coastalbluff Beggarticks]]
* ''Bidens frondosa'' – [[Devil's Beggarticks]], Large-leaved Beggarticks, Common Beggarticks, Common Tickseed, Devil's Bootjack, Devil's Pitchfork, Pitchfork Weed
* ''[[Bidens gardneri]]'' <small>Baker</small> – [[Ridge Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens hawaiensis]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Hawaiʻi Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens heterodoxa]]'' <small>(Fern.) Fern. & St. John</small> – [[Connecticut Beggarticks]]<!-- , [[bident différent]] [is this species important in Francocanada? If not, leave French name to fr.wikipedia.org ;-)] -->
* ''[[Bidens heterosperma]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Rocky Mountain Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens hillebrandiana]]'' <small>(Drake) O. Deg.</small> – [[Seacliff Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens hyperborea]]'' <small>Greene</small> – [[Estuary Beggarticks]], [[Coastal Beggarticks]], [[Northern Estuarine Beggarticks]], [[Seacliff Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens laevis]]'' <small>(L.) B.S.P.</small> – [[Smooth Beggarticks]], [[Smooth Bur-marigold]], [[Larger Bur-marigold]]
* ''[[Bidens lemmonii]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Lemmon's Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens leptocephala]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – [[Few-flowered Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens macrocarpa]]'' <small>(Gray) Sherff</small> – [[Large-fruited Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens mannii]]''
* ''[[Bidens mauiensis]]'' (<small>Gray) Sherff</small> – [[Maui Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens menziesii]]'' <small>(Gray) Sherff</small> – [[Mauna Loa Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens micrantha]]'' <small>Gaud.</small> – [[Grassland Beggarticks]]
** ''Bidens micrantha'' ssp. ''kalealaha'' – Kalealaha Beggarticks
* ''[[Bidens mitis]]'' <small>(Michx.) Sherff</small> – [[Small-fruited Beggarticks]]
* ''Bidens molokaiensis'' – [[Molokaʻi Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens × multiceps]]'' <small>Fassett</small>
* ''Bidens pilosa'' – [[Hairy Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens polylepis]]'' <small>Blake</small> – [[Awnless Beggarticks]]
* ''Bidens populifolia'' – [[Oʻahu Beggarticks]], Poplar-leaved Bidens
* ''[[Bidens reptans]]'' <small>(L.) G. Don</small> – [[Manzanilla Trepador]]
* ''[[Bidens sandvicensis]]'' <small>Less.</small> – [[Shrubland Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens schimperi]]'' <small>Sch. Bip.</small>
* ''[[Bidens simplicifolia]]''
* ''[[Bidens socorrensis]]''
* ''[[Bidens squarrosa]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Bidens tenuisecta]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Slim-lobed Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens torta]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – [[Corkscrew Beggarticks]]
* ''Bidens tripartita'' (syn ''B. acuta, B. comosa'') – [[Three-lobed Beggarticks]], Three-part Beggarticks, Leafy-bracted Beggarticks, Trifid Bur-marigold
* ''[[Bidens triplinervia]]''
** ''Bidens triplinervia'' var. ''macrantha''
* ''[[Bidens valida]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – [[Kahili Beggarticks]]
* ''[[Bidens vulgata]]'' <small>Greene</small> – [[Big Devil's Beggarticks]], [[Tall Beggarticks]], [[Tall Bur-marigold]], [[Western Sticktight]]
* ''Bidens wiebkei'' – [[Wiebke's Beggarticks]], Molokaʻi Koʻokoʻolau
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{commonscat}}
* {{aut|Carr, Gerald D.}} (2006): [http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/Faculty/Carr/bidens.htm Hawaiian Native Plant Genera - Asteraceae - ''Bidens'']. Version of 2006-MAR-29. Retrieved 2007-NOV-14.
* {{Cite book |last=Everitt |first=J.H. |coauthors=Lonard, R.L., Little, C.R. |title=Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |location=Lubbock |year=2007}} ISBN 0-89672-614-2 (Book)
[[Category:Bidens|*]]
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