Bidens 346439 224614353 2008-07-09T17:42:02Z Quadell 57108 dabwork {{Taxobox | name = ''Bidens'' | image = Bombyliid_7294.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = [[Smooth Beggarticks]] (''[[Bidens laevis]]'') being pollinated by a [[bombyliid fly]] | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | subclassis = [[Asteridae]] | unranked_ordo = [[Euasterids I]] | ordo = [[Asterales]] | familia = [[Asteraceae]] | subfamilia = [[Asteroideae]] | tribus = [[Heliantheae]] | subtribus = [[Coreopsidinae]] | genus = '''''Bidens''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = Many, see text. | synonyms = ''Campylotheca'' <small>Cass.</small> }} '''''Bidens''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Asteraceae]]. It contains about 200 [[species]]. The common names '''beggarticks''', '''bur-marigolds''', '''stickseeds''', '''tickseeds''' and '''tickseed sunflowers''' refer to the [[achene]] [[burr (fruit)|burr]]s on the [[seed]]s of this genus, most of which are barbed. The [[generic name]] refers the same fact; it means "two-tooth", from [[Latin]] ''bis'' "two" + ''dens'' "tooth". [[Image:Epizoochoria NRM.jpg|thumb|left|''Bidens'' [[achene]]s sticking to a sleeve]] The plants are [[zoochorous]]; their seeds will stick to clothing, fur or feathers, and be carried to new [[habitat]]. This has enabled them to colonize a wide range, including many [[oceanic island]]s. Some of these species occur only in a very restricted range and several are now threatened with [[extinct]]ion, notably in the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. Due to the absence of native mammals on these islands, some of the oceanic island [[taxa]] have reduced burrs, [[evolving]] features that seem to aid in dispersal by the wind instead. [[Smooth Beggarticks]] (''[[Bidens laevis|B. laevis]]'') is a common fall [[flower]] in the southeastern [[USA]]. [[Pitchfork Weed]] (''B. frondosa'') is considered to be a [[weed]] in [[New Zealand]], although it is not officially declared an [[invasive species]]. On the Hawaiian Islands, ''Bidens'' are called '''''kokoʻolau''''' or '''''koʻokoʻolau'''''<ref>Carr (2006)</ref>. They were and still are used to brew a refreshing tea. In some regions, leaves of [[Hairy Beggarticks]] (''B. pilosa'') and [[Three-lobed Beggarticks]] (''B. tripartita'') are sometimes eaten as a vegetable. [[Nodding Beggarticks]] (''[[Bidens cernua|B. cernua]]'') and Hairy Beggarticks are useful as [[honey plant]]s. Several ''Bidens'' species are used as food by the [[caterpillar]]s of certain [[Lepidoptera]], such as the [[noctuid moth]] ''[[Hypercompe hambletoni]]'' and the [[Vanessa cardui|Painted Lady]] (''Vanessa cardui'', a [[brush-footed butterfly]]). The [[plant pathogen]] [[Bidens mottle virus]] was named after the present genus, as it was first isolated from Hairy Beggarticks; it infects a wide range of [[Asteraceae]] and other plants. ==Selected species== [[Image:Bidens alba.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Romerillo]]<br/>''[[Bidens alba]]'']] [[Image:Bidens triplinervia2.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Apache Beggarticks]]<br/>''[[Bidens ferulifolia]]'']] [[Image:Bidens mauiensis.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Maui Beggarticks]]<br/>''[[Bidens mauiensis]]'']] [[Image:Bidens micrantha subsp. kalealaha.jpg|thumb|right|202px|[[Grassland Beggarticks|Kalealaha Beggarticks]]<br/>[[Bidens micrantha|''Bidens micrantha'' ssp. ''kalealaha'']]]] * ''[[Bidens alba]]'' <small>(L.) DC.</small>{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- "(L.) A.P. Candolle"? --> &ndash; [[Romerillo]] * ''Bidens amplectens'' &ndash; [[Waiʻanae Kokoʻolau]] * ''[[Bidens amplissima]]'' <small>Greene</small> &ndash; [[Vancouver Island Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens aristosa]]'' <small>(Michx.) Britt.</small> &ndash; [[Bearded Beggarticks]], [[Long-bracted Beggarticks]], [[Tickseed Beggarticks]], [[Western Tickseed]] * ''[[Bidens asymmetrica]]'' <small>(Levl.) Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Koʻolau Kokoʻolau]] * ''[[Bidens aurea]]'' <small>(Ait.) Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Arizona Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens bidentoides]]'' <small>(Nutt.) Britt.</small> &ndash; [[Delmarva Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens bigelovii]]'' <small>Gray</small> &ndash; [[Bigelow's Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens bipinnata]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; [[Spanish Needles]] * ''Bidens campylotheca'' &ndash; [[Viper Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens cernua]]'' <small>L.</small> (syn. ''B. glaucescens'' <small>[[Edward Lee Greene|Greene]]</small>) &ndash; [[Nodding Beggarticks]], [[Nodding Bur-marigold]] * ''[[Bidens cervicata]]'' <small>Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Kauaʻi Beggarticks]] * ''Bidens conjuncta'' &ndash; [[Bog Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens connata]]'' <small>Muhl. ex Willd.</small> &ndash; [[Purple-stemmed Beggarticks]], [[Purple-stemmed Swamp Beggarticks]], [[Connate Beggarticks]], [[London Bur-marigold]], [[Southern Tickseed]] * ''[[Bidens coronata]]'' <small>(L.) Britt.</small> &ndash; [[Crowned Beggarticks]] * ''Bidens cosmoides'' &ndash; [[Cosmosflower Beggarticks]], ''poʻola nui'' * ''[[Bidens cuneata]]'' <small>Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Cuneate Bidens]], [[Wedge Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens cynapiifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small> &ndash; [[West Indian Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens discoidea]]'' <small>(Torr. & Gray) Britt.</small> &ndash; [[Discoid Beggarticks]]{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- was "Discord" but that is obviously nonsense or based on lapsus -->, [[Small Beggarticks]], [[Swamp Beggarticks]], [[Few-bracted Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens eatonii]]'' <small>Fern.</small> &ndash; [[Eaton's Beggarticks]]<!-- , [[Bident d'Eaton]] [is this species important in Francocanada? If not, leave French name to fr.wikipedia.org ;-)] --> * ''[[Bidens ferulifolia]]'' <small>(Jacq.) DC.</small> &ndash; [[Apache Beggarticks]], [[Fern-leaved Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens forbesii]]'' <small>Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Coastalbluff Beggarticks]] * ''Bidens frondosa'' &ndash; [[Devil's Beggarticks]], Large-leaved Beggarticks, Common Beggarticks, Common Tickseed, Devil's Bootjack, Devil's Pitchfork, Pitchfork Weed * ''[[Bidens gardneri]]'' <small>Baker</small> &ndash; [[Ridge Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens hawaiensis]]'' <small>Gray</small> &ndash; [[Hawaiʻi Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens heterodoxa]]'' <small>(Fern.) Fern. & St. John</small> &ndash; [[Connecticut Beggarticks]]<!-- , [[bident différent]] [is this species important in Francocanada? If not, leave French name to fr.wikipedia.org ;-)] --> * ''[[Bidens heterosperma]]'' <small>Gray</small> &ndash; [[Rocky Mountain Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens hillebrandiana]]'' <small>(Drake) O. Deg.</small> &ndash; [[Seacliff Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens hyperborea]]'' <small>Greene</small> &ndash; [[Estuary Beggarticks]], [[Coastal Beggarticks]], [[Northern Estuarine Beggarticks]], [[Seacliff Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens laevis]]'' <small>(L.) B.S.P.</small> &ndash; [[Smooth Beggarticks]], [[Smooth Bur-marigold]], [[Larger Bur-marigold]] * ''[[Bidens lemmonii]]'' <small>Gray</small> &ndash; [[Lemmon's Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens leptocephala]]'' <small>Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Few-flowered Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens macrocarpa]]'' <small>(Gray) Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Large-fruited Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens mannii]]'' * ''[[Bidens mauiensis]]'' (<small>Gray) Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Maui Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens menziesii]]'' <small>(Gray) Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Mauna Loa Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens micrantha]]'' <small>Gaud.</small> &ndash; [[Grassland Beggarticks]] ** ''Bidens micrantha'' ssp. ''kalealaha'' &ndash; Kalealaha Beggarticks * ''[[Bidens mitis]]'' <small>(Michx.) Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Small-fruited Beggarticks]] * ''Bidens molokaiensis'' &ndash; [[Molokaʻi Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens × multiceps]]'' <small>Fassett</small> * ''Bidens pilosa'' &ndash; [[Hairy Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens polylepis]]'' <small>Blake</small> &ndash; [[Awnless Beggarticks]] * ''Bidens populifolia'' &ndash; [[Oʻahu Beggarticks]], Poplar-leaved Bidens * ''[[Bidens reptans]]'' <small>(L.) G. Don</small> &ndash; [[Manzanilla Trepador]] * ''[[Bidens sandvicensis]]'' <small>Less.</small> &ndash; [[Shrubland Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens schimperi]]'' <small>Sch. Bip.</small> * ''[[Bidens simplicifolia]]'' * ''[[Bidens socorrensis]]'' * ''[[Bidens squarrosa]]'' <small>Kunth</small> * ''[[Bidens tenuisecta]]'' <small>Gray</small> &ndash; [[Slim-lobed Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens torta]]'' <small>Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Corkscrew Beggarticks]] * ''Bidens tripartita'' (syn ''B. acuta, B. comosa'') &ndash; [[Three-lobed Beggarticks]], Three-part Beggarticks, Leafy-bracted Beggarticks, Trifid Bur-marigold * ''[[Bidens triplinervia]]'' ** ''Bidens triplinervia'' var. ''macrantha'' * ''[[Bidens valida]]'' <small>Sherff</small> &ndash; [[Kahili Beggarticks]] * ''[[Bidens vulgata]]'' <small>Greene</small> &ndash; [[Big Devil's Beggarticks]], [[Tall Beggarticks]], [[Tall Bur-marigold]], [[Western Sticktight]] * ''Bidens wiebkei'' &ndash; [[Wiebke's Beggarticks]], Molokaʻi Koʻokoʻolau ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==References== {{commonscat}} * {{aut|Carr, Gerald D.}} (2006): [http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/Faculty/Carr/bidens.htm Hawaiian Native Plant Genera - Asteraceae - ''Bidens'']. Version of 2006-MAR-29. Retrieved 2007-NOV-14. * {{Cite book |last=Everitt |first=J.H. |coauthors=Lonard, R.L., Little, C.R. |title=Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |location=Lubbock |year=2007}} ISBN 0-89672-614-2 (Book) [[Category:Bidens|*]] [[da:Brøndsel]] [[de:Zweizähne]] [[et:Ruse]] [[es:Bidens]] [[fr:Bidens]] [[hsb:Zwilc]] [[lt:Lakišius]] [[nl:Tandzaad]] [[ja:センダングサ属]] [[pl:Uczep]] [[pt:Bidens]] [[ro:Bidens]] [[qu:Muni]] [[sv:Skäror]] [[zh:鬼针草]]