Binder 848460 224048254 2008-07-07T02:15:00Z OlEnglish 7181920 {{Unreferenced|date=February 2008}} {{otheruses4|the agricultural machine|the item of stationery|Ring binder}} [[Image:Modern binder.jpg|thumb|A modern compact binder.]] The '''reaper-binder''', or '''binder''', was a farm implement that improved upon the [[reaper]]. The binder was invented in 1872 by [[Charles Withington]]. In addition to cutting the small-grain crop, it would also tie the stems into small bundles, or [[sheaf|sheaves]]. These sheaves were then 'shocked' into conical [[stook]]s, resembling small [[tipi]]s, to allow the grain to dry for several days before being threshed.The binder has helped the farming(agricultural) industry to grow. Withington's original binder used wire to tie the bundles. There were various problems with using wire and it was not long before [[William Deering]] invented a binder that used [[twine]] and a knotter (invented 1858 by [[John Appleby]]). John Appleby produced his invention in [[Beloit, Wisconsin]].<ref>http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2884&keyword=appleby</ref> Early binders were horse-drawn and powered by a bull wheel. Later models were tractor-drawn. The implement had a reel and a [[mower|sickle bar]], like a modern grain head for a [[combine harvester]], or combine. The cut stems would fall onto a [[canvas]], which conveyed the crop to the binding mechanism. This mechanism bundled the stems of grain and tied a piece of twin around the bundle. Once this was tied, it was discharged from the back of the binder. With the replacement of the [[threshing machine]] by the combine, the binder became almost obsolete. Some grain crops such as [[oat]]s are now cut and formed into windrows with a [[swather]]. With other grain crops such as [[wheat]], the grain is now mostly cut and threshed by a combine in a single operation, while the binder is still in use at small fields or outskirts of mountain areas. ==References== {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons|Binder}} *[http://www.bridoncordage.com/history.html ''History of Twine''] [[Category:Agricultural machinery]] [[de:Mähbinder]] [[fr:Moissonneuse-lieuse]] [[lb:Bënner]] [[ja:バインダー (農業機械)]] [[pl:Snopowiązałka]]