Bioengineering
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Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/58.111.25.159|58.111.25.159]]; Redlink - presumed non-notable. ([[WP:TWINKLE|TW]])
{{Merge | Biological Engineering| Talk:Bioengineering#Merge proposal |date=June 2008 }}
'''Bioengineering''' (also known as Biological Engineering) is the application of [[engineering]] principles to address challenges in the fields of [[biology]] and [[medicine]]. As a study, it encompasses [[biomedical engineering]] and it is related to [[biotechnology]].
Bioengineering applies engineering principles to the full spectrum of living systems. This is achieved by utilising existing methodologies in such fields as [[molecular biology]], [[biochemistry]], [[microbiology]], [[pharmacology]], [[cytology]], [[immunology]] and [[neuroscience]] and applies them to the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, and other important medical needs.
Bioengineering is not limited to the medical field. Bioengineers have the ability to exploit new opportunities and solve problems within the domain of complex systems. They have a great understanding of living systems as complex systems which can be applied to many fields including entrepreneurship.
Much as other engineering disciplines also address human health (e.g., [[prosthetics]] in [[mechanical engineering]]), bioengineers can apply their expertise to other applications of engineering and [[biotechnology]], including genetic modification of plants and microorganisms, bioprocess engineering, and biocatalysis. However, the Main Fields of Bioengineering may be categorised as:
* [[Biomedical Engineering]]; [[Biomedical technology]]; Biomedical Diagnosis, Biomedical Therapy, Biomechanics, Biomaterials.
* [[Genetic Engineering]]; Cell Engineering, Tissue Culture Engineering.
The word was invented by British scientist and broadcaster [[Heinz Wolf]] in [[1954]].[http://www.heinzwolff.co.uk/]
"Bioengineering" is also the term used to describe the use of [[vegetation]] in [[civil engineering]] [[construction]].
The term bioengineering covers a range of applications, including surface soil protection, slope stabilisation, watercourse and shoreline protection, windbreaks, vegetation barriers including noise barriers and visual screens, and the ecological enhancement of an area.
Vegetation can affect the stability of slopes by modifying the hydrological regime in the [[soil]]. The root systems of woody perennial [[species]] are considered one of the most beneficial types of vegetation for bioengineering, due to the ability of the strong woody root systems to penetrate the soil at depth, providing an anchoring system to the substrate, whilst binding the soil particles together, thus increasing the shear strength of the slope. [[Root]]s of vegetation also decrease the soil water content by water uptake through the root system. The higher the rate of evapotranspiration of the plant, the more water will be required, so larger plants with high rates of evapotranspiration are favoured from a bioengineering perspective.
Species often used in bioengineering applications include willow, poplar, [[grass]]es and native [[shrub]] species.
==See also==
*Advanced [[life support system]]s
*[[Agricultural engineering]]
*[[Bio-based material]]s
*[[Biocatalysis]]
*[[Biocompatible material]] (Biomaterials)
*[[Bioinformatics]]
*[[Biomaterials]]
*[[Biomechanics]]
*[[Bionics]]
*[[Biosensor]]s
*[[Biotechnology]]
*[[Cryobiology]]
*[[Drug delivery]]
*[[Metabolic engineering]]
*[[Molecular engineering]]
*[[Neural Network]]
*[[Neuroengineering]]
*[[Orthopedic implants]]
*Production and purification of [[biopharmaceutical]]s
*[[Protein design]]
*[[Stem cell]] research
*[[Synthetic biology]]
*[[Systems biology]]
*[[Tissue Engineering]]
==External links==
*[http://www.aimbe.org/ American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering]
*[http://www.asabe.org/ American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers]
*[http://www.aiche.org/sbe/index.aspx Society for Biological Engineering] part of [[AIChE]]
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[[Category:Bioengineering| ]]
[[ar:هندسة حيوية]]
[[ca:Enginyeria biològica]]
[[he:מהנדס ביוטכנולוגיה]]
[[pl:Bioinżynieria]]
[[pt:Bioengenharia]]
[[sr:Биоинжењеринг]]
[[tr:Biyomühendislik]]