Biscuit Fire publication controversy 3960453 221036357 2008-06-22T19:45:41Z Rjwilmsi 203434 gen fixes + format *date= in cite news/web/paper templates - full explanation [[User:Rjwilmsi#My_correction_of_dates_in_templates|here]] using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] The '''Biscuit Fire publication controversy''' refers to an academic and political controversy in the [[United States]] which occurred in January 2006. The [[United States Forest Service|U.S Forest Service]] and a group of professors (including six at the [[Oregon State University]] College of [[Forestry]]) wrote a letter to the prestigious scientific journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'', requesting that publication of a short forestry paper written by an OSU Forestry graduate student (and others) be delayed until the authors could respond to it, arguing the article was "short on qualifiers and context".<ref> {{cite news |last=Milstein |first=Michael |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061211071006/http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1137729313106480.xml&coll=7 |work=[[The Oregonian]] |title=Logging study sets off own firestorm |date=2006-01-20 |accessdate=2007-12-27 }} </ref> Alternatively, the group requested that ''Science'' publish a sidebar illustrating their concerns alongside the paper. ''Science'' refused, and the paper (which had already undergone [[peer review]] and had been approved for publication) appeared in the [[January 20]] [[2006]] edition of the journal. The paper had previously been published in the online edition of ''Science'', prior to the letter being written.<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5759/352 D.C. Donato ''et al.'', "Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk," ''Science'', January 20, 2006 (subscription required)]</ref> == Controversial article == The paper, written by graduate student Dan Donato and several colleagues, concerned the effects of logging in the aftermath of the 2002 [[Biscuit Fire]], a massive [[wildfire]] which burned nearly a half million acres (2,000 km²) in southwestern Oregon. Some forestry scientists, as well as the [[George W. Bush administration|Bush administration]], have proposed that [[salvage logging]]--removal of dead trees after a fire (many of which may still be usable as [[timber]])--is necessary for fire safety and forest regeneration.<ref>Sessions, J., P. Bettinger, R. Buckman, M. Newton, and J. Hamann. 2004. Hastening the return of complex forests following fire: The consequences of delay. Journal of Forestry 102(3):38-45.</ref> Donato ''et al.''’s research provides some evidence refuting this view. They compared sections of the burn which were burned severely then were salvage logged to sections which had only been burned. They found the unlogged portions had significantly more [[conifer]] seedlings than were found in the logged portions. The paper suggested that soil disturbance and materials left over from the logging process may have disturbed the growth of seedlings. In addition, the paper reports on elevated surface fuels in the logged sites, which, they concluded, elevated the risk of future fire. == Political aftermath == The incident, and its aftermath, have had significant repercussions in the forestry community, and has highlighted the political issues surrounding forestry research. Originally, when the letter came to light, the College of Forestry was subjected to heavy criticism from both within and outside for what was perceived as an unwarranted attack on [[academic freedom]].<ref>[http://www.the-scientist.com/news/display/23016/ Wildfire logging debate heats up]</ref> Accusations of politically-motivated bias have flown in both directions, and critics of the incident have noted that the College receives 10% of its funding from a tax on [[logging]], and that many professors have ties with the Forest Service and the logging industry. Defenders of the college have noted that the vast majority of research in the college is funded by competitive grants and that collaboration with government agencies and relevant industries is common across the sciences.<ref>[http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/york240106.html MR Zine: Corporate Forestry and Academic Freedom]</ref> Hal Salwasser, the dean of the College of Forestry, eventually survived a vote of confidence and apologized for his part in the controversy, and reaffirmed OSU's support for academic freedom. The letter's primary author, OSU forestry engineering professor John Sessions, has claimed that the paper's publication constitutes a failure of the peer review process, and that he would appeal the matter to the board of ''Science''.<ref>[http://www.heraldnet.com/stories/06/02/02/100wir_b6antilog001.cfm Miami Herald: Forestry professor continues to fight anti-logging research]</ref> ''Science'' editor-in-chief [[Donald Kennedy]] has stated, in a letter to [[The Oregonian]], that it "would be foolish to argue that no consideration of the political extensions of this finding could have entered the decision" regarding publication; however, he believes that the paper would have "made it (to publication) on its own". == Ongoing research and discussion== The [[August 4]][[2006]] issue of ''Science'' contained comments by the OSU professors,<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5787/615a M. Newton, S. Fitzgerald, R. R. Rose, P. W. Adams, S. D. Tesch, J. Sessions,* T. Atzet, R. F. Powers, C. Skinner, "Comment on 'Post-Wildfire Logging Hinders Regeneration and Increases Fire Risk'", ''Science'', Aug 4 2006]</ref> congressman [[Brian Baird]],<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5787/615b B. N. Baird, "Comment on 'Post-Wildfire Logging Hinders Regeneration and Increases Fire Risk'", ''Science'', Aug 4 2006]</ref> and a response from Donato and his colleagues.<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5787/615c D. C. Donato, J. B. Fontaine, J. L. Campbell, W. D. Robinson, J. B. Kauffman, B. E. Law "Response to Comments on 'Post-Wildfire Logging Hinders Regeneration and Increases Fire Risk'", ''Science'', Aug 4 2006]</ref> Evergreen Magazine subsequently committed an entire issue to a discussion of the controversy.<ref>[http://evergreenmagazine.com/ Skinner, D. 2006 "The Donato-Law Fiasco: Mixing Politics & Science: Alchemy at OSU", ''Evergreen'', Winter, 2006-2007]</ref> In the following year, two new papers substantiated, in part, Donato's findings. Natural conifer regeneration following severe fires in the Siskiyou Klamath region was common and stocking standards were always exceeded without planting, although natural regenerated conifers grew slower than planted conifers.<ref>Shatford, J. P. A., D. E. Hibbs, and K. J. Puettmann. 2007. Conifer regeneration after forest fire in the Klamath-Siskiyous: How much, how soon? Journal of Forestry 105:139-146. </ref> Thompson and others found that Biscuit Fire severity was higher in areas that had been burned and salvaged fifteen years earlier (1987) than it was in comparable areas that were burned in 1987 but left unmanaged. <ref> Thompson, J. R., T. A. Spies, and L. M. Ganio. 2007. Reburn severity in managed and unmanaged vegetation in a large wildfire. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104:10743-10748. </ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sociology of scientific knowledge]] [[Category:2006 in the United States]] [[Category:journal articles]] [[Category:Forestry in the United States]] [[Category:Academic scandals]] [[Category:Wildfires in Oregon]]